Facing extremes: archaeal surface-layer (glyco)proteins
... biogenesis of S-layer (glyco)proteins has, however, not only provided insight into the molecular tactics adopted by these polypeptides for survival in the drastic surroundings in which they live, but has advanced understanding of various aspects of archaeal protein biology. For instance, glycosylate ...
... biogenesis of S-layer (glyco)proteins has, however, not only provided insight into the molecular tactics adopted by these polypeptides for survival in the drastic surroundings in which they live, but has advanced understanding of various aspects of archaeal protein biology. For instance, glycosylate ...
Cells Producing - The Journal of Immunology
... with Tconvs and APCs To identify the source of IL-17, we used naive Tconvs from C57BL/ 6 mice and Tregs from B6.PL C57BL/6 congenic mice that carry the Thy1a (Thy1.1) allele and can be recognized easily by flow cytometric analysis using a Thy1.1-specific Ab. Naive Tconv and Treg populations used in ...
... with Tconvs and APCs To identify the source of IL-17, we used naive Tconvs from C57BL/ 6 mice and Tregs from B6.PL C57BL/6 congenic mice that carry the Thy1a (Thy1.1) allele and can be recognized easily by flow cytometric analysis using a Thy1.1-specific Ab. Naive Tconv and Treg populations used in ...
Neuromas
... regenerate. there is cellular response in the area of schwann cell injury and fibroblastic proliferation resulting a small nodule that is known as a glioma The size of the neuroma depends primarily in the amount of axonal ingrowths but also on amount of proliferatiing connective tissue fibroblasts ...
... regenerate. there is cellular response in the area of schwann cell injury and fibroblastic proliferation resulting a small nodule that is known as a glioma The size of the neuroma depends primarily in the amount of axonal ingrowths but also on amount of proliferatiing connective tissue fibroblasts ...
Many ways to telomere dysfunction: in vivo studies using
... their telomeres by alternative mechanisms, which have been termed ALT (Bryan et al., 1995; 1997). In mammalian ALT cells, DNA sequences are copied from telomere to telomere suggesting that ALT involves HR (Dunham et al., 2000). In S. cerevisiae, there are two HR pathways involved in ALT, which depen ...
... their telomeres by alternative mechanisms, which have been termed ALT (Bryan et al., 1995; 1997). In mammalian ALT cells, DNA sequences are copied from telomere to telomere suggesting that ALT involves HR (Dunham et al., 2000). In S. cerevisiae, there are two HR pathways involved in ALT, which depen ...
Nanoscale Architecture of Endoplasmic Reticulum Export Sites and
... follows function,’’ which emphasizes the need for the shape of a building or an object to reflect its intended function or purpose. Biologists tend to prefer the phrase ‘‘form begets function,’’ because in living organisms, form not only reflects on function but also defines many functional attribut ...
... follows function,’’ which emphasizes the need for the shape of a building or an object to reflect its intended function or purpose. Biologists tend to prefer the phrase ‘‘form begets function,’’ because in living organisms, form not only reflects on function but also defines many functional attribut ...
FGF signalling: diverse roles during early vertebrate embryogenesis
... receptor FGFR2 are necessary for the migration of the primary mesenchyme cells (see Glossary, Box 1) (Rottinger et al., 2007). Similarly, in Drosophila, a mutation in the fgfr2 gene heartless results in the failure of mesodermal cells to migrate away from the midline during gastrulation (Beiman et a ...
... receptor FGFR2 are necessary for the migration of the primary mesenchyme cells (see Glossary, Box 1) (Rottinger et al., 2007). Similarly, in Drosophila, a mutation in the fgfr2 gene heartless results in the failure of mesodermal cells to migrate away from the midline during gastrulation (Beiman et a ...
Sirtuins at a Glance - Journal of Cell Science
... calorie restriction; CRTC2, cAMP responsive element binding protein regulated transcription coactivator 2; CtBP, C-terminal binding protein; CypD, cyclophilin D; Cyt c, cyctochrome c; DBC1, deleted in bladder cancer protein 1; DNA-PK DNA-dependent protein kinase; DSB, double-strand break; E2F1, E2F ...
... calorie restriction; CRTC2, cAMP responsive element binding protein regulated transcription coactivator 2; CtBP, C-terminal binding protein; CypD, cyclophilin D; Cyt c, cyctochrome c; DBC1, deleted in bladder cancer protein 1; DNA-PK DNA-dependent protein kinase; DSB, double-strand break; E2F1, E2F ...
Aprotinin Preserves Cellular Junctions and Reduces
... coronary endothelial adherens junction continuity. Aprotinin reduced tyrosine phosphorylation in myocardial tissue sections. Phospho-p38 activity was ⬇30% lower in the aprotinin group (P⫽0.007). The aprotinin group demonstrated decreased myocardial tissue water content (81.2⫾0.5% versus 83.5⫾0.3%; P ...
... coronary endothelial adherens junction continuity. Aprotinin reduced tyrosine phosphorylation in myocardial tissue sections. Phospho-p38 activity was ⬇30% lower in the aprotinin group (P⫽0.007). The aprotinin group demonstrated decreased myocardial tissue water content (81.2⫾0.5% versus 83.5⫾0.3%; P ...
Physiological interactions between a mesophilic cellulolytic
... In anaerobic environments cellulose is converted largely to CH, and CO, by the combined activities of many diverse microorganisms. Among these microorganisms there exist mutually beneficial interactions which include interspecies hydrogen transfer [ 1,2], removal of inhibitory substances [3,4], prod ...
... In anaerobic environments cellulose is converted largely to CH, and CO, by the combined activities of many diverse microorganisms. Among these microorganisms there exist mutually beneficial interactions which include interspecies hydrogen transfer [ 1,2], removal of inhibitory substances [3,4], prod ...
Long-Distance Axonal Regeneration in the Transected Adult Rat
... 1991; Bovolenta et al., 1992; Giulian, 1993; Schwab et al., 1993). Although not all adult neurons exhibit the same regenerative potential, most of them regenerate their lesioned axons if the appropriate conditions are provided. Injured axons are able to grow for long distances through pieces of peri ...
... 1991; Bovolenta et al., 1992; Giulian, 1993; Schwab et al., 1993). Although not all adult neurons exhibit the same regenerative potential, most of them regenerate their lesioned axons if the appropriate conditions are provided. Injured axons are able to grow for long distances through pieces of peri ...
43 Confocal and Multi-Photon Imaging of Living Embryos
... given the dramatic differences in the basic cell biology between the most common model organisms, solutions are typically specific to a particular model system. Rather than reviewing the virtues and drawbacks of each model system and describing highly detailed techniques for solving particular imagi ...
... given the dramatic differences in the basic cell biology between the most common model organisms, solutions are typically specific to a particular model system. Rather than reviewing the virtues and drawbacks of each model system and describing highly detailed techniques for solving particular imagi ...
Pancreas or liver choice within endoderm
... Temporal and spatial relation between pancreas and liver specification We first sought to define the exact time and place where the earliest markers of the pancreas and liver are activated. RT-PCR was used to investigate Pdx1 gene expression in endoderm fragments dissected from the ventral foregut o ...
... Temporal and spatial relation between pancreas and liver specification We first sought to define the exact time and place where the earliest markers of the pancreas and liver are activated. RT-PCR was used to investigate Pdx1 gene expression in endoderm fragments dissected from the ventral foregut o ...
A Comprehensive Mutational Analysis of the
... effect produced by T64S, D116G, and T161K. To assess the functional impact of the three common substitutions and others found in R82Bg-1, we conducted site-directed mutagenesis using R82Ms-0 as template and generated RPW8.2 mutants whose protein products contain one of the T64S, D116G, T161K, E59K, ...
... effect produced by T64S, D116G, and T161K. To assess the functional impact of the three common substitutions and others found in R82Bg-1, we conducted site-directed mutagenesis using R82Ms-0 as template and generated RPW8.2 mutants whose protein products contain one of the T64S, D116G, T161K, E59K, ...
Formation of Persisting Cell Wall Deficient Forms of Mycobacterium
... can persist in vivo, series of events during interaction of live BCG bacilli with resting or preactivated with Lentinan peritoneal macrophages in guinea pigs were evaluated. After intraperitoneal administration of BCG, samples of peritoneal lavage fluid from guinea pigs were obtained at day 1, 14 an ...
... can persist in vivo, series of events during interaction of live BCG bacilli with resting or preactivated with Lentinan peritoneal macrophages in guinea pigs were evaluated. After intraperitoneal administration of BCG, samples of peritoneal lavage fluid from guinea pigs were obtained at day 1, 14 an ...
Comparative Cell Biology and Evolution of Annexins in Diplomonads
... alpha-giardins, are the best-studied annexins assigned to group E (4). The alphagiardins were originally discovered as prominent proteins of the structurally complex Giardia intestinalis cytoskeleton and found to be immunodominant during human G. intestinalis infection (5, 6). Annexins in parasites ...
... alpha-giardins, are the best-studied annexins assigned to group E (4). The alphagiardins were originally discovered as prominent proteins of the structurally complex Giardia intestinalis cytoskeleton and found to be immunodominant during human G. intestinalis infection (5, 6). Annexins in parasites ...
Identification of a Novel Gene, CIA6, Required for
... the cell. In many eukaryotic algae, Rubisco is localized to the pyrenoid, an electron-dense structure within the chloroplast. In order to identify genes required for a functional CCM, insertional Bleomycin resistance (BleR) mutants were generated and screened for growth on minimal medium under high ...
... the cell. In many eukaryotic algae, Rubisco is localized to the pyrenoid, an electron-dense structure within the chloroplast. In order to identify genes required for a functional CCM, insertional Bleomycin resistance (BleR) mutants were generated and screened for growth on minimal medium under high ...
Full-Text PDF
... endochondral bones, prehypertrophic and hypertrophic chondrocytes in the growth plate express the Ihh gene. Target genes of Hh signaling, Ptch1 and Gli1, are expressed in proliferating prehypertrophic and hypertrophic chondrocytes in the growth plate express the Ihh gene. Target chondrocytes, perich ...
... endochondral bones, prehypertrophic and hypertrophic chondrocytes in the growth plate express the Ihh gene. Target genes of Hh signaling, Ptch1 and Gli1, are expressed in proliferating prehypertrophic and hypertrophic chondrocytes in the growth plate express the Ihh gene. Target chondrocytes, perich ...
Reperfusion of ischemic myocardium: Ultrastructural and
... reperfusion was still needed. In numerous animal experiments, the possible beneficial or harmful effects of reperfusion on ischemic myocardium were investigated and many abnormalities were noted. The common denominator observed in ischemic reperfused cardiac tissue was that functional recovery occur ...
... reperfusion was still needed. In numerous animal experiments, the possible beneficial or harmful effects of reperfusion on ischemic myocardium were investigated and many abnormalities were noted. The common denominator observed in ischemic reperfused cardiac tissue was that functional recovery occur ...
12 October 2000
... it cannot explain how the first, most upstream caspase gets activated. At least two other approaches are used to get the ball rolling. Induced proximity Caspase-8 is the key initiator caspase in the death-receptor pathway (see review in this issue by Krammer, pages 789–795). Upon ligand binding, dea ...
... it cannot explain how the first, most upstream caspase gets activated. At least two other approaches are used to get the ball rolling. Induced proximity Caspase-8 is the key initiator caspase in the death-receptor pathway (see review in this issue by Krammer, pages 789–795). Upon ligand binding, dea ...
Pollen Tube Growth Oscillations and Intracellular
... that it exhibited an oscillatory character, in which it moved forward, forming a platform structure, in advance of the increase in growth rate. As a leader, actin structure and activity might be part of the mechanism that initiates the surge in growth. If actin polymerization and activity are growth ...
... that it exhibited an oscillatory character, in which it moved forward, forming a platform structure, in advance of the increase in growth rate. As a leader, actin structure and activity might be part of the mechanism that initiates the surge in growth. If actin polymerization and activity are growth ...
Cooperative Regulation of Cell Polarity and Growth by Drosophila
... oncogenic transformation. The disruption of epithelial architecture seen in scrib, dlg, and lgl animals could affect growth control by several mechanisms. Many growth factor receptors are polarized to a specific membrane domain, and mislocalization of such proteins may affect signaling pathways that ...
... oncogenic transformation. The disruption of epithelial architecture seen in scrib, dlg, and lgl animals could affect growth control by several mechanisms. Many growth factor receptors are polarized to a specific membrane domain, and mislocalization of such proteins may affect signaling pathways that ...
Extracellular matrix
In biology, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a collection of extracellular molecules secreted by cells that provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells. Because multicellularity evolved independently in different multicellular lineages, the composition of ECM varies between multicellular structures; however, cell adhesion, cell-to-cell communication and differentiation are common functions of the ECM.The animal extracellular matrix includes the interstitial matrix and the basement membrane. Interstitial matrix is present between various animal cells (i.e., in the intercellular spaces). Gels of polysaccharides and fibrous proteins fill the interstitial space and act as a compression buffer against the stress placed on the ECM. Basement membranes are sheet-like depositions of ECM on which various epithelial cells rest.The plant ECM includes cell wall components, like cellulose, in addition to more complex signaling molecules. Some single-celled organisms adopt multicelluar biofilms in which the cells are embedded in an ECM composed primarily of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS).