Bound by Fate: The Role of Reactive Oxygen
... entire organism. The perception of specific molecules at the cell perimeter is of crucial importance for these signaling processes. In plants, communication between cells and the extracellular environment is largely controlled by receptor-like kinases (RLKs) and receptor-like proteins. The RLKs are a ...
... entire organism. The perception of specific molecules at the cell perimeter is of crucial importance for these signaling processes. In plants, communication between cells and the extracellular environment is largely controlled by receptor-like kinases (RLKs) and receptor-like proteins. The RLKs are a ...
Nitric Oxide Inhibits Matrix Metalloproteinase
... was added initially with the same concentration, the actual NO released into cultured medium was distinctly different by nearly 10-fold between DEA/NO (t1/2 ⬃17 min) and NOC18 (t1/2 ⬃57 h). As expected, NOC18 released NO with a slower but sustained rate. To avoid the potentially oxidative damage of ...
... was added initially with the same concentration, the actual NO released into cultured medium was distinctly different by nearly 10-fold between DEA/NO (t1/2 ⬃17 min) and NOC18 (t1/2 ⬃57 h). As expected, NOC18 released NO with a slower but sustained rate. To avoid the potentially oxidative damage of ...
Maternal and Zygotic Control of Zebrafish Dorsoventral Axial
... zebrafish oocytes. In stage I oocytes (left), the nucleus is located centrally and the Balbiani body is located adjacent to the nucleus. Bucky ball is required for Balbiani body formation, whereas Macf1 regulates Balbiani body size and translocation to the prospective vegetal cortex in mid- to late-s ...
... zebrafish oocytes. In stage I oocytes (left), the nucleus is located centrally and the Balbiani body is located adjacent to the nucleus. Bucky ball is required for Balbiani body formation, whereas Macf1 regulates Balbiani body size and translocation to the prospective vegetal cortex in mid- to late-s ...
Negative regulators of integrin activity - Journal of Cell Science
... Talin is a large cytoplasmic protein composed of an integrinbinding head domain and a rod domain, which links talin to vinculin (VCL) and the actin cytoskeleton (Critchley, 2009; Grashoff et al., 2010; Humphries et al., 2007). Talin binds to integrin-b tails and induces conformational activation of ...
... Talin is a large cytoplasmic protein composed of an integrinbinding head domain and a rod domain, which links talin to vinculin (VCL) and the actin cytoskeleton (Critchley, 2009; Grashoff et al., 2010; Humphries et al., 2007). Talin binds to integrin-b tails and induces conformational activation of ...
Gene Section AURKB (aurora kinase B) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
... In mitosis, the chromosomal passenger complex, composed of Aurora B, Survivin, Borealin and INCENP, controls chromosome alignment, histone modification, and cytokinesis (Knauer et al., 2007). Presence of this complex at the right place at the right time is the key to precise control of its enzymatic ...
... In mitosis, the chromosomal passenger complex, composed of Aurora B, Survivin, Borealin and INCENP, controls chromosome alignment, histone modification, and cytokinesis (Knauer et al., 2007). Presence of this complex at the right place at the right time is the key to precise control of its enzymatic ...
Thesis titel 1.5 final - SciDok
... Methods: This thesis has a broader aim to construct a complete artificial system for in vitro culture of cells at the liquid│liquid interface like in the developing avian eggs. Even though it was not possible to accomplish the mission in the time span of this thesis work, the preliminary investigat ...
... Methods: This thesis has a broader aim to construct a complete artificial system for in vitro culture of cells at the liquid│liquid interface like in the developing avian eggs. Even though it was not possible to accomplish the mission in the time span of this thesis work, the preliminary investigat ...
Arachidonic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid Suppress Osteoclast Formation and Activity
... carbons and 2 double bonds that can be categorized into two principal families, namely: ω-3 LCPUFAs and ω-6 LCPUFAs [4]. The anti-inflammatory ω-3 LCPUFAs are derived from αlinolenic acid (ALA) while the pro-inflammatory ω-6 LCPUFAs are derived from linoleic acid (LA) [4, 8, 12, 13]. The human body ...
... carbons and 2 double bonds that can be categorized into two principal families, namely: ω-3 LCPUFAs and ω-6 LCPUFAs [4]. The anti-inflammatory ω-3 LCPUFAs are derived from αlinolenic acid (ALA) while the pro-inflammatory ω-6 LCPUFAs are derived from linoleic acid (LA) [4, 8, 12, 13]. The human body ...
Anatomy 2A Lab Manual 2016-2017
... close as possible to the objective without hitting the slide (do this while you are watching and not while you are looking through the ocular!). 3. Look through the oculars. One ocular is adjustable, allowing people who wear glasses to adjust the magnification to suit each eye, eliminating the need ...
... close as possible to the objective without hitting the slide (do this while you are watching and not while you are looking through the ocular!). 3. Look through the oculars. One ocular is adjustable, allowing people who wear glasses to adjust the magnification to suit each eye, eliminating the need ...
Physical and functional link of the leukemia
... far, it has been reported that AML1 is disrupted by other translocations such as t(3;21),3,4 t(12;21),5,6 and t(16;21).7,8 AML1 also has been found to be mutated in familial platelet disorder (FPD) associated with a predisposition to leukemia9 and in sporadic cases of AML and myelodysplastic syndrom ...
... far, it has been reported that AML1 is disrupted by other translocations such as t(3;21),3,4 t(12;21),5,6 and t(16;21).7,8 AML1 also has been found to be mutated in familial platelet disorder (FPD) associated with a predisposition to leukemia9 and in sporadic cases of AML and myelodysplastic syndrom ...
Ixodes scapularis the Saliva of the Lyme Disease Vector Tick
... mouse T cells by using Con A (16, 23–28), PHA (24), and antiCD3 (20). This effect has also been demonstrated on bovine lymphocytes with Con A stimulation (29, 30). This putative immunomodulatory phenomenon is particularly intriguing because of the central role played by T cells in the orchestration ...
... mouse T cells by using Con A (16, 23–28), PHA (24), and antiCD3 (20). This effect has also been demonstrated on bovine lymphocytes with Con A stimulation (29, 30). This putative immunomodulatory phenomenon is particularly intriguing because of the central role played by T cells in the orchestration ...
Mathematical model predicts a critical role for osteoclast autocrine
... [11]. RANKL and osteoprotegerin (OPG) are critical regulators of bone resorption, that are expressed by osteoblasts and exhibit opposite effects on osteoclasts [12]. Whereas RANKL is a potent stimulator of osteoclasts, OPG prevents the interaction of RANKL with its receptor and inhibits bone resorpt ...
... [11]. RANKL and osteoprotegerin (OPG) are critical regulators of bone resorption, that are expressed by osteoblasts and exhibit opposite effects on osteoclasts [12]. Whereas RANKL is a potent stimulator of osteoclasts, OPG prevents the interaction of RANKL with its receptor and inhibits bone resorpt ...
The Role of Pollen Tube Reception in Reproductive Isolation
... Pollen tube reception is an important species-recognition step during plant fertilization, because it enables the female gametophyte (embryo sac) to directly communicate with the male gametophyte (pollen tube). This cross-talk allows the embryo sac to discriminate between a pollen tube from the same ...
... Pollen tube reception is an important species-recognition step during plant fertilization, because it enables the female gametophyte (embryo sac) to directly communicate with the male gametophyte (pollen tube). This cross-talk allows the embryo sac to discriminate between a pollen tube from the same ...
The Structure of Collagen within Parchment
... in forming these structures7. The arrangement of collagen molecules into fibrils is characteristic of the hierarchy of structure that collagen displays (Fig. 2). Collagen fibrils are the principal, tensile strength-bearing components of connective tissues8. There are over twenty different types of c ...
... in forming these structures7. The arrangement of collagen molecules into fibrils is characteristic of the hierarchy of structure that collagen displays (Fig. 2). Collagen fibrils are the principal, tensile strength-bearing components of connective tissues8. There are over twenty different types of c ...
Numerical simulation of morphogenetic movements in
... generated within the cells that properly react and respond so that the global architecture changes, but the embryo can progressively perform more specialised functions. The strong connection between mechanics and genetics has been studied for a long time, showing how genes control and influence the ...
... generated within the cells that properly react and respond so that the global architecture changes, but the embryo can progressively perform more specialised functions. The strong connection between mechanics and genetics has been studied for a long time, showing how genes control and influence the ...
Redefining the role of ectoderm in somitogenesis
... et al., 1998), suggesting that ectodermal signals, most likely Wnts (Borycki et al., 2000; Schmidt et al., 2004), are essential for morphological somite formation. Interactions between PSM cells and the extracellular matrix molecule fibronectin have been implicated in somitogenesis (Duband et al., 1 ...
... et al., 1998), suggesting that ectodermal signals, most likely Wnts (Borycki et al., 2000; Schmidt et al., 2004), are essential for morphological somite formation. Interactions between PSM cells and the extracellular matrix molecule fibronectin have been implicated in somitogenesis (Duband et al., 1 ...
Caspary T, Larkins CE, Anderson KV. Dev Cell. 2007 May;12(5):767-78. The graded response to Sonic Hedgehog depends on cilia architecture.
... of Ptch1-lacZ at the ventral midline was lower than in wildtype embryos, and the domain of Ptch1-lacZ expression extended further dorsally than normal (Figures 1I and 1N). The altered pattern of expression of Ptch-lacZ in hnn mutants indicated that the effective domain of Shh signaling in the neural ...
... of Ptch1-lacZ at the ventral midline was lower than in wildtype embryos, and the domain of Ptch1-lacZ expression extended further dorsally than normal (Figures 1I and 1N). The altered pattern of expression of Ptch-lacZ in hnn mutants indicated that the effective domain of Shh signaling in the neural ...
Calcium homeostasis in plants
... carboxyl groups of the pectic polymers has been proposed (Cleland et al., 1990). There is also almost universal agreement among plant physiologists that high Ca concentrations are required at the outer surface of the plasma membrane (PM) to maintain the structural and functional integrity of the PM ...
... carboxyl groups of the pectic polymers has been proposed (Cleland et al., 1990). There is also almost universal agreement among plant physiologists that high Ca concentrations are required at the outer surface of the plasma membrane (PM) to maintain the structural and functional integrity of the PM ...
Ligation of tumour-produced mucins to CD22 dramatically impairs
... CD22, a member of the Siglec (sialic acid-binding, immunoglobulin-like lectin) family, is a B-cell-specific glycoprotein that associates with the BCR (B-cell receptor). It is generally agreed that CD22 must be in close proximity to the BCR complex for negative regulation of signalling through recrui ...
... CD22, a member of the Siglec (sialic acid-binding, immunoglobulin-like lectin) family, is a B-cell-specific glycoprotein that associates with the BCR (B-cell receptor). It is generally agreed that CD22 must be in close proximity to the BCR complex for negative regulation of signalling through recrui ...
Contribution of microtubule growth polarity and flux to spindle
... chromatid separation. We have discussed the implications of these findings in terms of the chromosomal pathway for spindle assembly and a microtubule flux-based mechanism for anaphase progression in acentrosomal plant cells. Results Microtubules penetrate the NE followed by its rupture for subsequen ...
... chromatid separation. We have discussed the implications of these findings in terms of the chromosomal pathway for spindle assembly and a microtubule flux-based mechanism for anaphase progression in acentrosomal plant cells. Results Microtubules penetrate the NE followed by its rupture for subsequen ...
Endoplasmic Reticulum Export Sites and Golgi Bodies Behave as
... COPII-mediated ER export gives rise to the formation of ER export sites (ERES), which are specialized regions of the ER dedicated to sort proteins for export to the Golgi bodies (Aridor et al., 1999, 2001; Hammond and Glick, 2000). In contrast with Sec12p, Sar1p, and the COPII coat components, the f ...
... COPII-mediated ER export gives rise to the formation of ER export sites (ERES), which are specialized regions of the ER dedicated to sort proteins for export to the Golgi bodies (Aridor et al., 1999, 2001; Hammond and Glick, 2000). In contrast with Sec12p, Sar1p, and the COPII coat components, the f ...
Interaction of Antiparallel Microtubules in the
... vesicles began to accumulate at the division site, long MTs were frequently detected in the phragmoplast formed between two reforming daughter nuclei (Figure 1A). Although many MTs were terminated in regions where vesicles accumulated, others crossed the midline and overlapped (Figures 1A and 1B). S ...
... vesicles began to accumulate at the division site, long MTs were frequently detected in the phragmoplast formed between two reforming daughter nuclei (Figure 1A). Although many MTs were terminated in regions where vesicles accumulated, others crossed the midline and overlapped (Figures 1A and 1B). S ...
Eucalyptus Arabidopsis grandis thaliana
... Sucrose synthase (SuSy) was recently identified as a promising target for genetic engineering in forest tree species. SuSy genes have been identified in many plant species including Arabidopsis thaliana and Eucalyptus grandis. Sucrose synthase is responsible for the formation of activated glucose wh ...
... Sucrose synthase (SuSy) was recently identified as a promising target for genetic engineering in forest tree species. SuSy genes have been identified in many plant species including Arabidopsis thaliana and Eucalyptus grandis. Sucrose synthase is responsible for the formation of activated glucose wh ...
Altered & Disordered Physiology - CH 056
... • Jaundice is not a disease state in itself • It is a non-specific symptom which is a feature of a range of disease states • The clinical approach to jaundice must be based on a clear understanding of the metabolism of bilirubin and an appreciation of the potential blocks which can occur in the path ...
... • Jaundice is not a disease state in itself • It is a non-specific symptom which is a feature of a range of disease states • The clinical approach to jaundice must be based on a clear understanding of the metabolism of bilirubin and an appreciation of the potential blocks which can occur in the path ...
p62/SQSTM1 Binds Directly to Atg8/LC3 to Facilitate Degradation of
... Lys-48-linked polyubiquitin chains (1). The lysosome degrades extracellular and plasma membrane proteins brought there by endocytosis and cytoplasmic components delivered by autophagy. Various categories of autophagy have been defined differing in the delivery route of cytoplasmic material. These in ...
... Lys-48-linked polyubiquitin chains (1). The lysosome degrades extracellular and plasma membrane proteins brought there by endocytosis and cytoplasmic components delivered by autophagy. Various categories of autophagy have been defined differing in the delivery route of cytoplasmic material. These in ...
Extracellular matrix
In biology, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a collection of extracellular molecules secreted by cells that provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells. Because multicellularity evolved independently in different multicellular lineages, the composition of ECM varies between multicellular structures; however, cell adhesion, cell-to-cell communication and differentiation are common functions of the ECM.The animal extracellular matrix includes the interstitial matrix and the basement membrane. Interstitial matrix is present between various animal cells (i.e., in the intercellular spaces). Gels of polysaccharides and fibrous proteins fill the interstitial space and act as a compression buffer against the stress placed on the ECM. Basement membranes are sheet-like depositions of ECM on which various epithelial cells rest.The plant ECM includes cell wall components, like cellulose, in addition to more complex signaling molecules. Some single-celled organisms adopt multicelluar biofilms in which the cells are embedded in an ECM composed primarily of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS).