Ciliostasis is a key early event during colonization of canine tracheal
... Both post-mortem and organ-culture samples predominantly comprised ciliated tissue, with very few non-ciliated areas, although post-mortem tissue often had mucus that obscured the underlying cilia (Fig. 2). A mean of 65 % (range 32–96 %) or 95 % (range 89–98 %) of the surface area was ciliated in po ...
... Both post-mortem and organ-culture samples predominantly comprised ciliated tissue, with very few non-ciliated areas, although post-mortem tissue often had mucus that obscured the underlying cilia (Fig. 2). A mean of 65 % (range 32–96 %) or 95 % (range 89–98 %) of the surface area was ciliated in po ...
Chapter 4 - Neurasync
... The process of Chaperone Mediated Autophagy (CMA) is one of the 3 major autophagic pathways used in mammalian cells and organisms. All autophagic pathways involve the degradation of autophagocytosed components within lysosomes, and the reutilization of the produced building blocks; however, CMA is t ...
... The process of Chaperone Mediated Autophagy (CMA) is one of the 3 major autophagic pathways used in mammalian cells and organisms. All autophagic pathways involve the degradation of autophagocytosed components within lysosomes, and the reutilization of the produced building blocks; however, CMA is t ...
LIINA JAKOBSON The roles of abscisic acid, CO , and the cuticle in
... Land plants are crucial components of all terrestrial ecosystems on Earth. Thus, the colonization of land by plants was an essential event for the contemporary ecosystems. This was accompanied by a sequence of evolutionary adaptations necessary for plants to survive in a dry environment. The pathway ...
... Land plants are crucial components of all terrestrial ecosystems on Earth. Thus, the colonization of land by plants was an essential event for the contemporary ecosystems. This was accompanied by a sequence of evolutionary adaptations necessary for plants to survive in a dry environment. The pathway ...
Endoplasmic reticulum–mitochondria contacts: function of the junction
... endoplasmic reticulum (ER) tubules circumscribe the mitochondrial membrane. b,c | Live confocal fluorescence time-lapse images of Cos‑7 cells (b) and yeast cells (c) showing mitochondrial constriction followed by division taking place at the site of an ER tubule crossing the mitochondria. Arrows ind ...
... endoplasmic reticulum (ER) tubules circumscribe the mitochondrial membrane. b,c | Live confocal fluorescence time-lapse images of Cos‑7 cells (b) and yeast cells (c) showing mitochondrial constriction followed by division taking place at the site of an ER tubule crossing the mitochondria. Arrows ind ...
A Review of Centriole Activity, and Wrongful Activity, during Cell
... From the beginning of the 21st century, centriolar studies have and are becoming increasingly important in the minds of cell biologists, physicists, chemists and medical researchers. This is remarkable in that only a couple of decades ago centrioles were largely regarded as relatively unimportant, o ...
... From the beginning of the 21st century, centriolar studies have and are becoming increasingly important in the minds of cell biologists, physicists, chemists and medical researchers. This is remarkable in that only a couple of decades ago centrioles were largely regarded as relatively unimportant, o ...
Signals from the lysosome: a control centre for cellular clearance
... transport of cellular waste to lysosomes requires complex logistics. The cell has developed different routes for transporting extracellular and intracellular waste to the lysosome. Extracellular material reaches the lysosome mainly through endocytosis. The capture of extra cellular material and int ...
... transport of cellular waste to lysosomes requires complex logistics. The cell has developed different routes for transporting extracellular and intracellular waste to the lysosome. Extracellular material reaches the lysosome mainly through endocytosis. The capture of extra cellular material and int ...
Print - Circulation Research
... activate Akt/PKB and GSK-3 activity in both cardiomyocytes and Langendorff-perfused hearts.8 In cardiac muscle, cell adhesion and the cardiomyocyte stretch sensor machinery play key roles in the complex mechanism leading to human DCM and associated heart failures.9 Indeed, dilated cardio- ...
... activate Akt/PKB and GSK-3 activity in both cardiomyocytes and Langendorff-perfused hearts.8 In cardiac muscle, cell adhesion and the cardiomyocyte stretch sensor machinery play key roles in the complex mechanism leading to human DCM and associated heart failures.9 Indeed, dilated cardio- ...
Cellular Biology - Circulation Research
... belong to a family of proteins, which control the progression of cells through the cell cycle by activating cyclin-dependent kinases. Several different cyclins exist, which are active in different parts of the cell cycle. There are also several “orphan” cyclins for which no Cdk partner has been iden ...
... belong to a family of proteins, which control the progression of cells through the cell cycle by activating cyclin-dependent kinases. Several different cyclins exist, which are active in different parts of the cell cycle. There are also several “orphan” cyclins for which no Cdk partner has been iden ...
BMP4 regulation of sensory organ development in the chick inner ear
... Btg1 and Btg2 gene expression during early chick development. Dev Dyn 237:2158-2169. ...
... Btg1 and Btg2 gene expression during early chick development. Dev Dyn 237:2158-2169. ...
Capping protein: new insights into mechanism
... in the assembly of various actin structures, including the dynamic branched filament network at the leading edge of motile cells. New research into the molecular mechanism of how CP interacts with the actin filament in vitro and the function of CP in vivo, including discoveries of novel interactions ...
... in the assembly of various actin structures, including the dynamic branched filament network at the leading edge of motile cells. New research into the molecular mechanism of how CP interacts with the actin filament in vitro and the function of CP in vivo, including discoveries of novel interactions ...
Phloem loading and unloading of sugars and amino acids
... and probably certain amino acids, are loaded into minor veins from source leaf apoplasms by proton symporters localized to plasma membranes of their sieve element/companion cell (se/cc) complexes. Sucrose transporters, with complementary kinetic properties, are conceived to function as membrane tran ...
... and probably certain amino acids, are loaded into minor veins from source leaf apoplasms by proton symporters localized to plasma membranes of their sieve element/companion cell (se/cc) complexes. Sucrose transporters, with complementary kinetic properties, are conceived to function as membrane tran ...
Actin Filaments Play a Critical Role in Vacuolar
... et al., 2000; Fucini et al., 2002). In yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) cells, actin filaments are critical for polarized secretion (Johnston et al., 1991; Govindan et al., 1995; Schott et al., 1999; Zhang et al., 2001). Similarly, actin filaments are involved in trafficking of apical and basolatera ...
... et al., 2000; Fucini et al., 2002). In yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) cells, actin filaments are critical for polarized secretion (Johnston et al., 1991; Govindan et al., 1995; Schott et al., 1999; Zhang et al., 2001). Similarly, actin filaments are involved in trafficking of apical and basolatera ...
Signalling and neural crest migration pathways - Development
... implies that the crest-free zones are not an intrinsic property of odd-numbered rhombomeres themselves. This suggests that environmental influences adjacent to r3 and r5 may be important in controlling the pathways of hindbrain neural crest migration (Farlie et al., 1999), and distinct mechanisms ma ...
... implies that the crest-free zones are not an intrinsic property of odd-numbered rhombomeres themselves. This suggests that environmental influences adjacent to r3 and r5 may be important in controlling the pathways of hindbrain neural crest migration (Farlie et al., 1999), and distinct mechanisms ma ...
A B23-interacting sequence as a tool to visualize protein interactions
... by electron microscopy (Scheer and Hock, 1999): the fibrillar centers (FCs), the dense fibrillar component (DFC) and the granular component (GC). In the active nucleolus, the early rRNA processing proteins are associated with transcripts during elongation and are localized in the internal part of th ...
... by electron microscopy (Scheer and Hock, 1999): the fibrillar centers (FCs), the dense fibrillar component (DFC) and the granular component (GC). In the active nucleolus, the early rRNA processing proteins are associated with transcripts during elongation and are localized in the internal part of th ...
Leaf development - The Virtual Plant
... (and hence, the appearance) may differ with season which will be manifest by changes in growth patterns within the plant under investigation. All of these must be influenced by the physiological state of the organelles, the cells, and the tissues that make up the plant parts themselves. ...
... (and hence, the appearance) may differ with season which will be manifest by changes in growth patterns within the plant under investigation. All of these must be influenced by the physiological state of the organelles, the cells, and the tissues that make up the plant parts themselves. ...
the physiology of mechanoelectrical transduction channels in hearing
... Much is known about the mechanotransducer (MT) channels mediating transduction in hair cells of the vertrbrate inner ear. With the use of isolated preparations, it is experimentally feasible to deliver precise mechanical stimuli to individual cells and record the ensuing transducer currents. This ap ...
... Much is known about the mechanotransducer (MT) channels mediating transduction in hair cells of the vertrbrate inner ear. With the use of isolated preparations, it is experimentally feasible to deliver precise mechanical stimuli to individual cells and record the ensuing transducer currents. This ap ...
Isolation and biological activity of extracellular slime associated with
... Stains for capsules and slimes were relatively ineffective for ...
... Stains for capsules and slimes were relatively ineffective for ...
Guard cell photosynthesis and stomatal function
... Chloroplasts are a key feature of most guard cells; however, the function of these organelles in stomatal responses has been a subject of debate. This review examines evidence for and against a role of guard cell chloroplasts in stimulating stomatal opening. Controversy remains over the extent to wh ...
... Chloroplasts are a key feature of most guard cells; however, the function of these organelles in stomatal responses has been a subject of debate. This review examines evidence for and against a role of guard cell chloroplasts in stimulating stomatal opening. Controversy remains over the extent to wh ...
Exploiting the chick embryonic environment to reprogram
... To test this hypothesis, EGFP-labelled MYCN-amplified Kelly cells were injected into the extra-embryonic vitelline veins of embryonic day 3 (E3) and E6 chick embryos, and the responses of injected cells were analysed at E10 and E14. Kelly cells injected at E3 respond to neural crest migratory cues a ...
... To test this hypothesis, EGFP-labelled MYCN-amplified Kelly cells were injected into the extra-embryonic vitelline veins of embryonic day 3 (E3) and E6 chick embryos, and the responses of injected cells were analysed at E10 and E14. Kelly cells injected at E3 respond to neural crest migratory cues a ...
Cells Producing - The Journal of Immunology
... with Tconvs and APCs To identify the source of IL-17, we used naive Tconvs from C57BL/ 6 mice and Tregs from B6.PL C57BL/6 congenic mice that carry the Thy1a (Thy1.1) allele and can be recognized easily by flow cytometric analysis using a Thy1.1-specific Ab. Naive Tconv and Treg populations used in ...
... with Tconvs and APCs To identify the source of IL-17, we used naive Tconvs from C57BL/ 6 mice and Tregs from B6.PL C57BL/6 congenic mice that carry the Thy1a (Thy1.1) allele and can be recognized easily by flow cytometric analysis using a Thy1.1-specific Ab. Naive Tconv and Treg populations used in ...
The actin cytoskeleton is a target of the self
... plants has attempted to characterize the effect that signalling stimuli have on actin dynamics or, more speci®cally, the state of actin polymerization. Tip growing cells provide a good system whereby the signals responsible for mediating changes to the actin cytoskeleton may be studied. In plants, p ...
... plants has attempted to characterize the effect that signalling stimuli have on actin dynamics or, more speci®cally, the state of actin polymerization. Tip growing cells provide a good system whereby the signals responsible for mediating changes to the actin cytoskeleton may be studied. In plants, p ...
Facing extremes: archaeal surface-layer (glyco)proteins
... S-layer is composed of an S-layer glycoprotein together with a lighter, 85 kDa chain, both originating from the same gene (Peters et al., 1995). In addition, a 130 kDa globular glycoprotein, shown to be a subtilisin-like protease functional at elevated temperatures in the presence of detergent or de ...
... S-layer is composed of an S-layer glycoprotein together with a lighter, 85 kDa chain, both originating from the same gene (Peters et al., 1995). In addition, a 130 kDa globular glycoprotein, shown to be a subtilisin-like protease functional at elevated temperatures in the presence of detergent or de ...
Extracellular matrix
In biology, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a collection of extracellular molecules secreted by cells that provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells. Because multicellularity evolved independently in different multicellular lineages, the composition of ECM varies between multicellular structures; however, cell adhesion, cell-to-cell communication and differentiation are common functions of the ECM.The animal extracellular matrix includes the interstitial matrix and the basement membrane. Interstitial matrix is present between various animal cells (i.e., in the intercellular spaces). Gels of polysaccharides and fibrous proteins fill the interstitial space and act as a compression buffer against the stress placed on the ECM. Basement membranes are sheet-like depositions of ECM on which various epithelial cells rest.The plant ECM includes cell wall components, like cellulose, in addition to more complex signaling molecules. Some single-celled organisms adopt multicelluar biofilms in which the cells are embedded in an ECM composed primarily of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS).