Ceman, S, O Donnell, WT, Reed, M, Patton, S, Pohl, J and Warren, ST: Phosphorylation regulates translation state of FMRP-associated polyribosomes. Human Molecular Genetics 12:3295-3305 (2003).
... phosphorylation might modulate RNA binding. Indeed, in vitro evidence has been published indicating that Drosophila dFxr protein exhibits heightened RNA homopolymer binding when phosphorylated. To test whether or not phosphorylation of mammalian FMRP influences RNA binding we chose a more global in ...
... phosphorylation might modulate RNA binding. Indeed, in vitro evidence has been published indicating that Drosophila dFxr protein exhibits heightened RNA homopolymer binding when phosphorylated. To test whether or not phosphorylation of mammalian FMRP influences RNA binding we chose a more global in ...
DEFINING THE ROLE OF THE SHP2 PROTEIN TYROSINE
... Upon arrival at peripheral tissues, the committed mast cell progenitors develop into mature mucosal or connective tissue mast cells (with specialized granule contents, etc.) in response to factors released by the local tissue5. The two varieties of mast cells are differentiated by their tissue of r ...
... Upon arrival at peripheral tissues, the committed mast cell progenitors develop into mature mucosal or connective tissue mast cells (with specialized granule contents, etc.) in response to factors released by the local tissue5. The two varieties of mast cells are differentiated by their tissue of r ...
The GDP-bound form of Arf6 is located at the plasma membrane
... conserved residue in the phosphate-binding P-loop is broadly used to investigate the cellular function of the small G proteins. This mutation generally, but not always, yields a protein with a dominant-negative cellular activity that can be explained biochemically by the formation of a nucleotide-fr ...
... conserved residue in the phosphate-binding P-loop is broadly used to investigate the cellular function of the small G proteins. This mutation generally, but not always, yields a protein with a dominant-negative cellular activity that can be explained biochemically by the formation of a nucleotide-fr ...
p23 and organization of the Golgi apparatus
... may act as cargo adaptors, and specifically interact with cargo molecules on transport vesicles (Schimmöller et al., 1995; Belden and Barlowe, 1996). Until now, no specific association between a p24 protein and a cargo molecule has been reported. However, it is possible that p24-cargo interactions a ...
... may act as cargo adaptors, and specifically interact with cargo molecules on transport vesicles (Schimmöller et al., 1995; Belden and Barlowe, 1996). Until now, no specific association between a p24 protein and a cargo molecule has been reported. However, it is possible that p24-cargo interactions a ...
Multiple Roles of the Cytoskeleton in Bacterial Autophagy
... actin-based motility. Shigella VirA is a type III secretion system (T3SS) effector protein that can destroy surrounding microtubules and help actin-based motility [22]. VirA also exhibits guanosine triphosphate-activating protein (GAP) activity and can manipulate Rab1, a guanosine triphosphatase (GT ...
... actin-based motility. Shigella VirA is a type III secretion system (T3SS) effector protein that can destroy surrounding microtubules and help actin-based motility [22]. VirA also exhibits guanosine triphosphate-activating protein (GAP) activity and can manipulate Rab1, a guanosine triphosphatase (GT ...
Transcriptional regulation of mammalian autophagy at a glance
... BNIP3, and was also shown to indirectly regulate the transcription of ATG5 (Polager et al., 2008) (see poster). BNIP3 acts as a positive regulator of autophagy by disrupting the B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2)-mediated inhibition of beclin 1 (Tracy et al., 2007). Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer o ...
... BNIP3, and was also shown to indirectly regulate the transcription of ATG5 (Polager et al., 2008) (see poster). BNIP3 acts as a positive regulator of autophagy by disrupting the B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2)-mediated inhibition of beclin 1 (Tracy et al., 2007). Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer o ...
Study of the Biogenesis of the Golgi Apparatus in Plant Cells （植物
... the next by anterograde COPI vesicles, whereas the Golgi proteins are excluded from them and remain in the cisternae. Cargo proteins reach the TGN and exit by clathrin-coated vesicles or other carriers. (B) The cisternal maturation model. In this model, the Golgi cisternae themselves function as the ...
... the next by anterograde COPI vesicles, whereas the Golgi proteins are excluded from them and remain in the cisternae. Cargo proteins reach the TGN and exit by clathrin-coated vesicles or other carriers. (B) The cisternal maturation model. In this model, the Golgi cisternae themselves function as the ...
Inflammatory injury in myocardial ischaemia
... increase in both infarct size and deaths from ventricular rupture due to poor scar formation [2]. This indicated that inflammatory mechanisms are necessary for optimal repair after infarction. However, the possibility exists that such inflammatory processes may also damage nearby healthy or reversib ...
... increase in both infarct size and deaths from ventricular rupture due to poor scar formation [2]. This indicated that inflammatory mechanisms are necessary for optimal repair after infarction. However, the possibility exists that such inflammatory processes may also damage nearby healthy or reversib ...
Mathematical Biology
... as pointed ends. In view of the biological background, we can assume that a capped barbed end is essentially stable on the time scale of the other processes, unless it is in proximity to the membrane. We will further assume that most of the active barbed ends of filaments are located in close proxim ...
... as pointed ends. In view of the biological background, we can assume that a capped barbed end is essentially stable on the time scale of the other processes, unless it is in proximity to the membrane. We will further assume that most of the active barbed ends of filaments are located in close proxim ...
Lipopolysaccharide modulates neutrophil recruitment and
... activation and dyslipidemia resulting from the aberrant elevated postprandial chylomicron production in metabolic syndrome, as well as the dietary endotoxins, such as LPS associated with them (32, 37, 74). LPS, a critical cell wall component of most gram-negative bacteria, has been identified as the ...
... activation and dyslipidemia resulting from the aberrant elevated postprandial chylomicron production in metabolic syndrome, as well as the dietary endotoxins, such as LPS associated with them (32, 37, 74). LPS, a critical cell wall component of most gram-negative bacteria, has been identified as the ...
Keystone Standards
... BIO.A.2. 1. Describe how the unique properties of water support life on Earth. BIO.A.2. 1.1. Describe the unique properties of water and how these properties support life on Earth (e.g., freezing point, high specific heat, cohesion). BIO.A.2. 2. Describe and interpret relationships between structure ...
... BIO.A.2. 1. Describe how the unique properties of water support life on Earth. BIO.A.2. 1.1. Describe the unique properties of water and how these properties support life on Earth (e.g., freezing point, high specific heat, cohesion). BIO.A.2. 2. Describe and interpret relationships between structure ...
The versatility of mitochondrial calcium signals: From stimulation of
... the lipid phosphatidyl-inositol 4,5-diphosphate or growth factors receptors (also causing the production of IP3 through the activation of phospholipase C) [2]. An alternative route for raising [Ca2+]c depends on the opening of various classes of plasma membrane Ca2+ channels [3]. The concerted actio ...
... the lipid phosphatidyl-inositol 4,5-diphosphate or growth factors receptors (also causing the production of IP3 through the activation of phospholipase C) [2]. An alternative route for raising [Ca2+]c depends on the opening of various classes of plasma membrane Ca2+ channels [3]. The concerted actio ...
The mitochondrial compartment - Plant Mitochondrial dynamics
... Received 21 November 2005; Accepted 6 February 2006 ...
... Received 21 November 2005; Accepted 6 February 2006 ...
Fetal Endoderm Primarily Holds the Temporal and Positional
... distal ileum (DI), as well as the proximal half of the colon (PC) were grafted under the dorsal skin of nude mice. Alternatively, the fetal endoderm was separated from the mesenchyme by incubation in a 0.03 % coUagenase solution (Boehrioger, Mannheim, Germany) for 1 h at 37°C followed by mechanical ...
... distal ileum (DI), as well as the proximal half of the colon (PC) were grafted under the dorsal skin of nude mice. Alternatively, the fetal endoderm was separated from the mesenchyme by incubation in a 0.03 % coUagenase solution (Boehrioger, Mannheim, Germany) for 1 h at 37°C followed by mechanical ...
PDF + SI
... The gliotransmitter D-serine is released upon (S)-␣-amino-3-hydroxy5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid兾kainate and metabotropic glutamate receptor stimulation, but the mechanisms involved are unknown. Here, by using a highly sensitive bioassay to continuously monitor extracellular D-serine levels, we ...
... The gliotransmitter D-serine is released upon (S)-␣-amino-3-hydroxy5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid兾kainate and metabotropic glutamate receptor stimulation, but the mechanisms involved are unknown. Here, by using a highly sensitive bioassay to continuously monitor extracellular D-serine levels, we ...
Biochemistry of Signal Transduction and Regulation - Beck-Shop
... of a hormone can, for example, be controlled by other signal transduction pathways. There may be feedback mechanisms that couple the activity of the biosynthetic enzymes to the concentration of the circulating enzyme via allosteric mechanisms. – Degradation and modification of the hormone. The activ ...
... of a hormone can, for example, be controlled by other signal transduction pathways. There may be feedback mechanisms that couple the activity of the biosynthetic enzymes to the concentration of the circulating enzyme via allosteric mechanisms. – Degradation and modification of the hormone. The activ ...
Pericentriolar material structure and dynamics
... S2 cells [46]. However, Aurora A inhibition had little effect on SPD-5 localization [16]. These data suggest that PLK-1 drives the assembly of the core structure of the mitotic PCM scaffold, whereas Aurora A stimulates the addition of downstream effector molecules like MAPs to the scaffold. Interest ...
... S2 cells [46]. However, Aurora A inhibition had little effect on SPD-5 localization [16]. These data suggest that PLK-1 drives the assembly of the core structure of the mitotic PCM scaffold, whereas Aurora A stimulates the addition of downstream effector molecules like MAPs to the scaffold. Interest ...
Dua`s Layer: its discovery, characteristics and applications
... both Type 1 and Type 2 BB can appear in the same sclero-corneal disc. These are termed “Mixed bubbles” (Figure 3C). The two bubbles in mixed-BB can be in various combinations, a complete Type 1 BB and a partial Type 2 BB (most common), a complete Type 1 and a complete Type 2 BB and rarely a complet ...
... both Type 1 and Type 2 BB can appear in the same sclero-corneal disc. These are termed “Mixed bubbles” (Figure 3C). The two bubbles in mixed-BB can be in various combinations, a complete Type 1 BB and a partial Type 2 BB (most common), a complete Type 1 and a complete Type 2 BB and rarely a complet ...
Visualization of APP dimerization and APP-Notch2 fluorescence complementation
... Oh et al. 2005). Although the Notch signaling pathway has been most extensively studied in Drosophila, four mammalian homologs of Notch receptors have been characterized, Notch1–4. In parallel with the high sequence homology across species, Notch receptors share highly conserved signaling pathways o ...
... Oh et al. 2005). Although the Notch signaling pathway has been most extensively studied in Drosophila, four mammalian homologs of Notch receptors have been characterized, Notch1–4. In parallel with the high sequence homology across species, Notch receptors share highly conserved signaling pathways o ...
Focusing on unpolymerized actin.
... Maciver et al., 1991). The presence of active filamentsevering proteins at molar ratios to actin as high as 0.1 to 0.64 (Mabuchi, 1983; Cooper et al., 1986; Barnburg and Bray, 1987) may contribute to the rapid turnover of filaments in cells. Cofilin, like thymosin/~4, inhibits exchange of nucleotide ...
... Maciver et al., 1991). The presence of active filamentsevering proteins at molar ratios to actin as high as 0.1 to 0.64 (Mabuchi, 1983; Cooper et al., 1986; Barnburg and Bray, 1987) may contribute to the rapid turnover of filaments in cells. Cofilin, like thymosin/~4, inhibits exchange of nucleotide ...
Full-Text PDF
... Based on rapid labeling with the fluorescent endocytic tracer FM4-64 and morphological similarities it is generally accepted that in plants the TGN functions like the early endosome compartment (EE) in animal cells [41,46,47]. The next structure labeled by FM4-64 is the MVB/PVC which suggests that i ...
... Based on rapid labeling with the fluorescent endocytic tracer FM4-64 and morphological similarities it is generally accepted that in plants the TGN functions like the early endosome compartment (EE) in animal cells [41,46,47]. The next structure labeled by FM4-64 is the MVB/PVC which suggests that i ...
Chato, a KRAB zinc-finger protein, regulates
... midline of mouse embryos during the lengthening of the node along the anterior-posterior axis (Yamanaka et al., 2007). However, the importance of convergent extension movements to elongation of other embryonic tissues is not clear, in part owing to a lack of analysis of cell behavior during these st ...
... midline of mouse embryos during the lengthening of the node along the anterior-posterior axis (Yamanaka et al., 2007). However, the importance of convergent extension movements to elongation of other embryonic tissues is not clear, in part owing to a lack of analysis of cell behavior during these st ...
Physiological assembly and activity of human
... binding proteins other than the H/ACA RNP proteins in endogenously assembled catalytically active RNP (Fu and Collins, 2007; Cohen et al., 2007). However, other proteins could bind to assembly intermediates or bind transiently to the active RNP to govern hTR–hTERT interaction. Several lines of evide ...
... binding proteins other than the H/ACA RNP proteins in endogenously assembled catalytically active RNP (Fu and Collins, 2007; Cohen et al., 2007). However, other proteins could bind to assembly intermediates or bind transiently to the active RNP to govern hTR–hTERT interaction. Several lines of evide ...
Extracellular matrix
In biology, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a collection of extracellular molecules secreted by cells that provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells. Because multicellularity evolved independently in different multicellular lineages, the composition of ECM varies between multicellular structures; however, cell adhesion, cell-to-cell communication and differentiation are common functions of the ECM.The animal extracellular matrix includes the interstitial matrix and the basement membrane. Interstitial matrix is present between various animal cells (i.e., in the intercellular spaces). Gels of polysaccharides and fibrous proteins fill the interstitial space and act as a compression buffer against the stress placed on the ECM. Basement membranes are sheet-like depositions of ECM on which various epithelial cells rest.The plant ECM includes cell wall components, like cellulose, in addition to more complex signaling molecules. Some single-celled organisms adopt multicelluar biofilms in which the cells are embedded in an ECM composed primarily of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS).