Adenovirus Overrides Cellular Checkpoints for Protein Translation
... and modulation of the regulatory B subunit of PP2A (Fig. 2). Consistent with this, we demonstrated that E4-ORF4 point mutants that fail to bind to PP2A are defective for p70S6K activation.5 In addition, we have since demonstrated that wild type E4-ORF4 binds to both endogenous PP2A B and C subunits, ...
... and modulation of the regulatory B subunit of PP2A (Fig. 2). Consistent with this, we demonstrated that E4-ORF4 point mutants that fail to bind to PP2A are defective for p70S6K activation.5 In addition, we have since demonstrated that wild type E4-ORF4 binds to both endogenous PP2A B and C subunits, ...
SIMULATION OF PROKARYOTIC GENETIC CIRCUITS
... into the regulatory logic so that the cell can adapt to the needs of the moment. Receptors on the cell surface can respond to specific chemical species and affect the regulatory logic by molecular signaling using signal transduction cascades (17). Other signals may affect reactions in the cascade to ...
... into the regulatory logic so that the cell can adapt to the needs of the moment. Receptors on the cell surface can respond to specific chemical species and affect the regulatory logic by molecular signaling using signal transduction cascades (17). Other signals may affect reactions in the cascade to ...
Secretion of a murine retroviral Env associated with resistance to
... One part was eluted at 100 °C in 60 µl reducing sample buffer (Laemmli, 1970) and analysed by SDS–12 % PAGE and autoradiography. The other two parts were used in deglycosylation experiments. + PNGase and EndoH treatment. Labelled proteins were recovered from the protein A beads by incubating at 100 ...
... One part was eluted at 100 °C in 60 µl reducing sample buffer (Laemmli, 1970) and analysed by SDS–12 % PAGE and autoradiography. The other two parts were used in deglycosylation experiments. + PNGase and EndoH treatment. Labelled proteins were recovered from the protein A beads by incubating at 100 ...
The many ways to age for a single yeast cell
... posed by the arduous and time-consuming technique of classical manual micromanipulation. This allows the previously unfeasible accomplishment of large-scale screens and molecular phenotyping throughout the mother cell’s lifespan. Proteins are among the material asymmetrically distributed after divis ...
... posed by the arduous and time-consuming technique of classical manual micromanipulation. This allows the previously unfeasible accomplishment of large-scale screens and molecular phenotyping throughout the mother cell’s lifespan. Proteins are among the material asymmetrically distributed after divis ...
γ-Tubulin Is Essential for Microtubule Organization and
... g-tubulin is present in protein complexes of various sizes in maize (Zea mays), Arabidopsis thaliana, and fava bean (Vicia faba) (Stoppin-Mellet et al., 2000; Drykova et al., 2003), and large g-tubulin–containing complexes have nucleation activity in Arabidopsis (Drykova et al., 2003). The ability o ...
... g-tubulin is present in protein complexes of various sizes in maize (Zea mays), Arabidopsis thaliana, and fava bean (Vicia faba) (Stoppin-Mellet et al., 2000; Drykova et al., 2003), and large g-tubulin–containing complexes have nucleation activity in Arabidopsis (Drykova et al., 2003). The ability o ...
Muscles of the Body
... ◦ Ach causes the nerve impulses to spread across the entire sarcolemma which changes the membrane permeability to Na+ which initiates an action potential (depolarization) ...
... ◦ Ach causes the nerve impulses to spread across the entire sarcolemma which changes the membrane permeability to Na+ which initiates an action potential (depolarization) ...
Theory and Algorithms for Constructing Discrete Morse
... called the Morse-Smale complex [12]. Several issues must be resolved when translating the above picture to a computational setting: adapting Morse theory to non-smooth functions and manifolds; defining critical points; approximating the gradient flow; devising efficient algorithms. An extensive revi ...
... called the Morse-Smale complex [12]. Several issues must be resolved when translating the above picture to a computational setting: adapting Morse theory to non-smooth functions and manifolds; defining critical points; approximating the gradient flow; devising efficient algorithms. An extensive revi ...
How plant cells explore geometry - The polarity induction and
... are investigated. A standardized system was developed to generate and integrate quantitative data on the temporal patterns of regeneration stages. Hereinafter this system was integrated into a microfluidic platform to study the impacts of chemical and geometrical stimuli during the establishment of ...
... are investigated. A standardized system was developed to generate and integrate quantitative data on the temporal patterns of regeneration stages. Hereinafter this system was integrated into a microfluidic platform to study the impacts of chemical and geometrical stimuli during the establishment of ...
The Membrane Skeleton of a Unicellular Consists
... powder (5- or 25-urn diam, Heat Systems-Ultrasonics, Inc., Plainview, NY) to facilitate cell breakage. Two 10-s cavitations at the No. 4 setting of a Branson X125 Sonifier (Branson Instruments, Danbury, CT) separated by a short cooling interval resulted in complete cell disruption. Glass powder was ...
... powder (5- or 25-urn diam, Heat Systems-Ultrasonics, Inc., Plainview, NY) to facilitate cell breakage. Two 10-s cavitations at the No. 4 setting of a Branson X125 Sonifier (Branson Instruments, Danbury, CT) separated by a short cooling interval resulted in complete cell disruption. Glass powder was ...
Kainate Activation of Horizontal, Bipolar, Amacrine, and Ganglion
... are OFF-center cone bipolar cells, which exhibit strong heterogeneous responses to KA, as evidenced by their broad AGB histogram. Multiple morphologic subtypes of mammalian ON-center and OFF-center cone bipolar cells exist (Famiglietti, 1981; Wässle and Boycott, 1991; Mills and Massey, 1992; Euler ...
... are OFF-center cone bipolar cells, which exhibit strong heterogeneous responses to KA, as evidenced by their broad AGB histogram. Multiple morphologic subtypes of mammalian ON-center and OFF-center cone bipolar cells exist (Famiglietti, 1981; Wässle and Boycott, 1991; Mills and Massey, 1992; Euler ...
Hierarchies of plant stiffness
... effect of these forces is particularly strong in large, long-lived plants such as trees, and the ability of plants to withstand these stresses is dependent on properties of the stem (Section 2.2. below) as well as the distribution of weight and formation of overall leaf canopy shape by the pattern o ...
... effect of these forces is particularly strong in large, long-lived plants such as trees, and the ability of plants to withstand these stresses is dependent on properties of the stem (Section 2.2. below) as well as the distribution of weight and formation of overall leaf canopy shape by the pattern o ...
review of the EBNA3 proteins here - EBV Microarray data interrogation
... might be correct, it has gradually become apparent that LCLs are trapped at a B blast-like stage of differentiation, but they have a distinctive EBV-specific phenotype. In addition, the process of EBV-induced proliferation is ‘sensed’ by B cells as abnormal and so activates various innate responses ...
... might be correct, it has gradually become apparent that LCLs are trapped at a B blast-like stage of differentiation, but they have a distinctive EBV-specific phenotype. In addition, the process of EBV-induced proliferation is ‘sensed’ by B cells as abnormal and so activates various innate responses ...
PDF - Oxford Academic
... Germany), and PhosSTOP phosphatase inhibitor cocktail (Roche, Mannheim, Germany). A 100 lg aliquot or the indicated amount of cleared protein extracts were subjected to SDS–PAGE with the appropriate concentration of acrylamide from 6% to 12% and transferred to polyvinyldifluoride (PVDF; Millipore). ...
... Germany), and PhosSTOP phosphatase inhibitor cocktail (Roche, Mannheim, Germany). A 100 lg aliquot or the indicated amount of cleared protein extracts were subjected to SDS–PAGE with the appropriate concentration of acrylamide from 6% to 12% and transferred to polyvinyldifluoride (PVDF; Millipore). ...
Membrane nanodomains in plants: capturing form, function, and
... The plasma membrane is the interface between the cell and the external environment. Plasma membrane lipids provide scaffolds for proteins and protein complexes that are involved in cell to cell communication, signal transduction, immune responses, and transport of small molecules. In animals, fungi, ...
... The plasma membrane is the interface between the cell and the external environment. Plasma membrane lipids provide scaffolds for proteins and protein complexes that are involved in cell to cell communication, signal transduction, immune responses, and transport of small molecules. In animals, fungi, ...
Role of the p53 Tumor Suppressor Gene in Cell Cycle Arrest and
... with the sensitivity of cells to ionizing radiation. The ability of cells to arrest in G, following radiation was assessed by flow cytometry of cells 16 h following irradiation of exponentially growing cultures with 6.3 Gy. This experiment was performed with coded samples so that the operators perfo ...
... with the sensitivity of cells to ionizing radiation. The ability of cells to arrest in G, following radiation was assessed by flow cytometry of cells 16 h following irradiation of exponentially growing cultures with 6.3 Gy. This experiment was performed with coded samples so that the operators perfo ...
The Human Arp2/3 Complex Is Composed of Evolutionarily
... The central role of actin polymerization in both lamellipodial protrusion and L. monocytogenes propulsion suggests that the underlying mechanisms for promoting polymerization and generating force may be similar in both processes. Since L. monocytogenes motility can be reconstituted in cell extracts ...
... The central role of actin polymerization in both lamellipodial protrusion and L. monocytogenes propulsion suggests that the underlying mechanisms for promoting polymerization and generating force may be similar in both processes. Since L. monocytogenes motility can be reconstituted in cell extracts ...
An antagonist of integrin αvβ3 prevents maturation of blood vessels
... bright integrin αvβ3 immunofluorescence along the dorsal aorta (da). This LSCM image is constructed from multiple optical sections representing approximately 10 µm of vertical space. Staining is also associated with endodermal cells (asterisk). ×400. (B) Vitronectin is a constituent of the ECM adjac ...
... bright integrin αvβ3 immunofluorescence along the dorsal aorta (da). This LSCM image is constructed from multiple optical sections representing approximately 10 µm of vertical space. Staining is also associated with endodermal cells (asterisk). ×400. (B) Vitronectin is a constituent of the ECM adjac ...
Microtubule Associated Protein 1b (MAP1B) Is a Marker of the
... The cytoskeleton of most eukaryotic cells is principally composed of three distinct fiber types: actin-based microfilaments, a heterogeneous group of intermediate filaments, and microtubules (MTs). MTs are long, hollow fibers made of the protein Tubulin. They are essential for cellular structure, ce ...
... The cytoskeleton of most eukaryotic cells is principally composed of three distinct fiber types: actin-based microfilaments, a heterogeneous group of intermediate filaments, and microtubules (MTs). MTs are long, hollow fibers made of the protein Tubulin. They are essential for cellular structure, ce ...
AGI June 41/6 - American Journal of Physiology
... encountered by intestinal pathogens (25). Integral membrane mucins such as those of the enterocyte FBBG consist of up to 80% heterogeneous O-linked carbohydrates that form dense, negatively charged gels thought to function in cytoprotection (48). Oligosaccharide side chains on both mucin and nonmuci ...
... encountered by intestinal pathogens (25). Integral membrane mucins such as those of the enterocyte FBBG consist of up to 80% heterogeneous O-linked carbohydrates that form dense, negatively charged gels thought to function in cytoprotection (48). Oligosaccharide side chains on both mucin and nonmuci ...
Efficient Endosomal Localization of Major Histocompatibility
... The assembly of class II-Ii complexes was examined in class II-positive cells expressing p31, A2-17p41, or both p31 and A2-17p41. Cells were biosynthetically labeled with [3H]leucine to equivalently label et, [3, and Ii. Lysates from the cell lines were immunoprecipitated with 10.2-16, P4H5, or In-1 ...
... The assembly of class II-Ii complexes was examined in class II-positive cells expressing p31, A2-17p41, or both p31 and A2-17p41. Cells were biosynthetically labeled with [3H]leucine to equivalently label et, [3, and Ii. Lysates from the cell lines were immunoprecipitated with 10.2-16, P4H5, or In-1 ...
Extracellular matrix
In biology, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a collection of extracellular molecules secreted by cells that provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells. Because multicellularity evolved independently in different multicellular lineages, the composition of ECM varies between multicellular structures; however, cell adhesion, cell-to-cell communication and differentiation are common functions of the ECM.The animal extracellular matrix includes the interstitial matrix and the basement membrane. Interstitial matrix is present between various animal cells (i.e., in the intercellular spaces). Gels of polysaccharides and fibrous proteins fill the interstitial space and act as a compression buffer against the stress placed on the ECM. Basement membranes are sheet-like depositions of ECM on which various epithelial cells rest.The plant ECM includes cell wall components, like cellulose, in addition to more complex signaling molecules. Some single-celled organisms adopt multicelluar biofilms in which the cells are embedded in an ECM composed primarily of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS).