Rapid movement of axonal neurofilaments interrupted by prolonged
... Axonal cytoskeletal and cytosolic proteins are synthesized in the neuronal cell body and transported along axons by slow axonal transport, but attempts to observe this movement directly in living cells have yielded conflicting results. Here we report the direct observation of the axonal transport of ...
... Axonal cytoskeletal and cytosolic proteins are synthesized in the neuronal cell body and transported along axons by slow axonal transport, but attempts to observe this movement directly in living cells have yielded conflicting results. Here we report the direct observation of the axonal transport of ...
Mutant Superoxide Dismutase-1-Linked Familial Amyotrophic
... 1995). Identification of these mutations suggested that free radicals play a critical role in the pathogenesis of the disease (Deng et al., 1993). It remained unclear, however, whether SOD mutation produced motor neuron death because of loss of SOD enzymatic activity or gain of an adverse f unction. ...
... 1995). Identification of these mutations suggested that free radicals play a critical role in the pathogenesis of the disease (Deng et al., 1993). It remained unclear, however, whether SOD mutation produced motor neuron death because of loss of SOD enzymatic activity or gain of an adverse f unction. ...
Molecular regulation of the diatom cell cycle
... nutrients of primary production in the oceans are nitrogen, phosphorus, iron, and silicon (Falkowski et al., 1998). As a major constituent of amino acids and nucleic acids, nitrogen is indispensable for diatom growth (Valenzuela et al., 2012; Yang et al., 2013). In fact, nitrogen limitation and sta ...
... nutrients of primary production in the oceans are nitrogen, phosphorus, iron, and silicon (Falkowski et al., 1998). As a major constituent of amino acids and nucleic acids, nitrogen is indispensable for diatom growth (Valenzuela et al., 2012; Yang et al., 2013). In fact, nitrogen limitation and sta ...
Helical growth in plant organs: mechanisms and
... plasma membrane be linked with the helical growth of a cell? Classical observations of helical cells in the filamentous green alga Nitella revealed that they grow by relatively uniform extension of all parts of the lateral cell wall (Green, 1954). Transverse bands or hoops of cellulose microfibrils ...
... plasma membrane be linked with the helical growth of a cell? Classical observations of helical cells in the filamentous green alga Nitella revealed that they grow by relatively uniform extension of all parts of the lateral cell wall (Green, 1954). Transverse bands or hoops of cellulose microfibrils ...
Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) and biological responses
... The ability of cells to sense and respond to changes in oxygenation and the existence of a specific “oxygen-sensing” mechanism has long interested biologists, from a wide range of disciplines. Life on earth in multicellular organisms is based on the use of molecular oxygen (O2) for effective generat ...
... The ability of cells to sense and respond to changes in oxygenation and the existence of a specific “oxygen-sensing” mechanism has long interested biologists, from a wide range of disciplines. Life on earth in multicellular organisms is based on the use of molecular oxygen (O2) for effective generat ...
Cell shrinkage and apoptosis: a role for potassium and sodium ion
... ions through separate membrane channels (Hallow et al, 1991). Similarly, ions such as Na+, K+ and H+ are involved in fibroblast volume regulation (Woll et al, 1993). Because cells possess such a vast repertoire of volume regulatory mechanisms, and can induce cell shrinkage when physiological conditi ...
... ions through separate membrane channels (Hallow et al, 1991). Similarly, ions such as Na+, K+ and H+ are involved in fibroblast volume regulation (Woll et al, 1993). Because cells possess such a vast repertoire of volume regulatory mechanisms, and can induce cell shrinkage when physiological conditi ...
tissue-specific cell-surface antigens in embryonic cells
... tissue cells, qualitative differences in cell surface antigens were demonstrated on cells from different embryonic chick tissues by immune agglutination and immunofluorescence . Unabsorbed antisera reacted with both homologous and nonhomologous cells ; thorough absorption of the antisera with hetero ...
... tissue cells, qualitative differences in cell surface antigens were demonstrated on cells from different embryonic chick tissues by immune agglutination and immunofluorescence . Unabsorbed antisera reacted with both homologous and nonhomologous cells ; thorough absorption of the antisera with hetero ...
Terminal Cytokinesis Events Uncovered after an RNAi Screen
... contraction of an internal acto-myosin ring is not sufficient to allow fusion of the opposing cellular membranes, a step required for the topological separation of daughter cells. Rather, as first described by Flemming in 1891 (see [7]), a persistent intercellular bridge forms around the spindle rem ...
... contraction of an internal acto-myosin ring is not sufficient to allow fusion of the opposing cellular membranes, a step required for the topological separation of daughter cells. Rather, as first described by Flemming in 1891 (see [7]), a persistent intercellular bridge forms around the spindle rem ...
Cell Structure and Functions
... plants to convert energy into food. 57. A cell with a low concentration of oxygen will likely gain oxygen molecules from an area with a higher oxygen concentration through the process of ____________________. 58. Just as multicellular organisms have organs to help their bodies carry out functions, a ...
... plants to convert energy into food. 57. A cell with a low concentration of oxygen will likely gain oxygen molecules from an area with a higher oxygen concentration through the process of ____________________. 58. Just as multicellular organisms have organs to help their bodies carry out functions, a ...
3. The Sea Urchin
... Lytechinus variegatus, a cell surface antigen expressed by primary mesenchyme cells and one of a host of probes specific to these cells (e.g., Benson et at., 1987; Drager et at., 1989 ; Leaf et at., 1987; Wessell and McClay, 1985). 3.29 (x350) shows pigment cells localized to the presumptive arm bud ...
... Lytechinus variegatus, a cell surface antigen expressed by primary mesenchyme cells and one of a host of probes specific to these cells (e.g., Benson et at., 1987; Drager et at., 1989 ; Leaf et at., 1987; Wessell and McClay, 1985). 3.29 (x350) shows pigment cells localized to the presumptive arm bud ...
Recent Progress in Research of the Mechanism of Fertilization in
... of tobacco fuse when they both finish the S phase, thus they belong to the G2 Type. This study not only measured the DNA content of sperm cells in pollen tubes at different stages but also measured the DNA content of mature egg cells and zygotes. The significant findings of this study were: (1) G2 T ...
... of tobacco fuse when they both finish the S phase, thus they belong to the G2 Type. This study not only measured the DNA content of sperm cells in pollen tubes at different stages but also measured the DNA content of mature egg cells and zygotes. The significant findings of this study were: (1) G2 T ...
1111138443_282428
... Plastids of Plant Cells (cont’d.) • Cell wall composed of cellulose – Cellulose • Dietary fiber • Synthesized by Golgi bodies ...
... Plastids of Plant Cells (cont’d.) • Cell wall composed of cellulose – Cellulose • Dietary fiber • Synthesized by Golgi bodies ...
Living Cell Microarrays: An Overview of Concepts
... expression profiles of whole cells, the effects of drug treatments, or other stimuli, as well as the effects of gene silencing experiments, were identified in 2005 using this method [25–27]. For this purpose, the cells were stimulated, fixed in formalin or paraformaldehyde, and then embedded in para ...
... expression profiles of whole cells, the effects of drug treatments, or other stimuli, as well as the effects of gene silencing experiments, were identified in 2005 using this method [25–27]. For this purpose, the cells were stimulated, fixed in formalin or paraformaldehyde, and then embedded in para ...
“Understanding dissemination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from
... in humans is limited by the small inoculum and the inability to identify time of infection. ...
... in humans is limited by the small inoculum and the inability to identify time of infection. ...
PDF
... at the major histocompatibility locus are cultured together in vitro, an interaction between the cells takes place and lymphocyte proliferation occurs. This reaction, called mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC), reflects antiments, ...
... at the major histocompatibility locus are cultured together in vitro, an interaction between the cells takes place and lymphocyte proliferation occurs. This reaction, called mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC), reflects antiments, ...
IL-10 transcription is negatively regulated by BAF180, a component
... BAF180-deficient Th2 cells express high levels of the immunoregulatory cytokine IL-10. BAF180 binds directly to regulatory elements in the Il-10 locus but is replaced by BAF250 BAF complexes in the absence of BAF180, resulting in increased histone acetylation and CBP recruitment to the IL-10 locus. ...
... BAF180-deficient Th2 cells express high levels of the immunoregulatory cytokine IL-10. BAF180 binds directly to regulatory elements in the Il-10 locus but is replaced by BAF250 BAF complexes in the absence of BAF180, resulting in increased histone acetylation and CBP recruitment to the IL-10 locus. ...
Stem Cell: Past, Present and Future- A Review
... This developmental stage is the blastocyst stage – 32 cell stage, from which these pleuripotent cells can be isolated 6. Pleuripotency of embryonic stem cells: Embryonic stem cells can give rise to cells from all three embryonic germ layers i.e. ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm, even after being grow ...
... This developmental stage is the blastocyst stage – 32 cell stage, from which these pleuripotent cells can be isolated 6. Pleuripotency of embryonic stem cells: Embryonic stem cells can give rise to cells from all three embryonic germ layers i.e. ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm, even after being grow ...
PC7 and the related proteases Furin and Pace4 regulate E
... developing blastocysts revealed striking differences in their relative distribution and sensitivity toward the widely used pharmacological PC inhibitor CMK. ...
... developing blastocysts revealed striking differences in their relative distribution and sensitivity toward the widely used pharmacological PC inhibitor CMK. ...
Infection of the Circulifer haematoceps cell line Ciha
... intimate interactions are likely to occur between spiroplasmas and cells of different insect organs. However, little is known about the bacterial and insect proteins involved in these interaction processes. To efficiently establish infection, pathogenic bacteria express a variety of surface proteins ...
... intimate interactions are likely to occur between spiroplasmas and cells of different insect organs. However, little is known about the bacterial and insect proteins involved in these interaction processes. To efficiently establish infection, pathogenic bacteria express a variety of surface proteins ...
Galectin-3 Cleavage Alters Bone Remodeling: Different Outcomes in
... C-terminal domain containing a single carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) composed of 140 amino acids (10). Due to its unique molecular structure, Gal-3 was reported to be a substrate for enzymatic cleavage by matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) at Gly32-Ala33, Ala62 ...
... C-terminal domain containing a single carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) composed of 140 amino acids (10). Due to its unique molecular structure, Gal-3 was reported to be a substrate for enzymatic cleavage by matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) at Gly32-Ala33, Ala62 ...
Challenges to our current view on chloroplasts
... It has long been believed that one fundamental difference between bacteria and eukaryotes is the presence of a cytoskeleton only in the latter. It seemed plausible that small cells like bacteria do not need structural elements, and they appeared as ‘plasma-filled tiny droplets’, although microbiolog ...
... It has long been believed that one fundamental difference between bacteria and eukaryotes is the presence of a cytoskeleton only in the latter. It seemed plausible that small cells like bacteria do not need structural elements, and they appeared as ‘plasma-filled tiny droplets’, although microbiolog ...
Extracellular matrix
In biology, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a collection of extracellular molecules secreted by cells that provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells. Because multicellularity evolved independently in different multicellular lineages, the composition of ECM varies between multicellular structures; however, cell adhesion, cell-to-cell communication and differentiation are common functions of the ECM.The animal extracellular matrix includes the interstitial matrix and the basement membrane. Interstitial matrix is present between various animal cells (i.e., in the intercellular spaces). Gels of polysaccharides and fibrous proteins fill the interstitial space and act as a compression buffer against the stress placed on the ECM. Basement membranes are sheet-like depositions of ECM on which various epithelial cells rest.The plant ECM includes cell wall components, like cellulose, in addition to more complex signaling molecules. Some single-celled organisms adopt multicelluar biofilms in which the cells are embedded in an ECM composed primarily of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS).