Blood Stem Cell Activity Is Arrested by Th1
... (1–3). At steady-state, most HSCs are quiescent (4, 5), but in situations of increased demand, injury of cells, blood loss, and senescence they dynamically respond to generate more blood. An array of signals can trigger this HSC activity, such as cytokines released during infections, and possibly di ...
... (1–3). At steady-state, most HSCs are quiescent (4, 5), but in situations of increased demand, injury of cells, blood loss, and senescence they dynamically respond to generate more blood. An array of signals can trigger this HSC activity, such as cytokines released during infections, and possibly di ...
The Role of the Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF)
... 2.2. Establishing and Maintaining Pluripotent Stem Cells in vitro Pluripotent stem cells harbor two important properties: the capacity of indefinite self-renewal in vitro and the ability to contribute to the formation of all cells of an adult organism including the generation of functional gametes f ...
... 2.2. Establishing and Maintaining Pluripotent Stem Cells in vitro Pluripotent stem cells harbor two important properties: the capacity of indefinite self-renewal in vitro and the ability to contribute to the formation of all cells of an adult organism including the generation of functional gametes f ...
Xylem Structure and Function
... Xylem cell types The structural features of xylem are determined by the size, shape and distribution of xylem cell types and, in particular, by the shape and thickness of their cell walls. Cell wall structure affects cell type and characteristics Almost all plant cells produce primary cell walls. Th ...
... Xylem cell types The structural features of xylem are determined by the size, shape and distribution of xylem cell types and, in particular, by the shape and thickness of their cell walls. Cell wall structure affects cell type and characteristics Almost all plant cells produce primary cell walls. Th ...
Title Choice of Cell Source in Cell
... stem cell populations with an inherent capacity to yield neuronal lineage such as hematopoietic stem cells, embryonic stem cells, or induced pluripotent stem cells can be tried. Conclusion. This short review will prove to be a valuable guideline for those working on cell therapy for AMD to plan thei ...
... stem cell populations with an inherent capacity to yield neuronal lineage such as hematopoietic stem cells, embryonic stem cells, or induced pluripotent stem cells can be tried. Conclusion. This short review will prove to be a valuable guideline for those working on cell therapy for AMD to plan thei ...
The Effect of Ethylenediaminetetra-acetic Acid on the Cell Walls of
... Identi3cation of amino sugars. Hydrolysates of cell walls were prepared as for the identification of amino acids and were examined by two-dimensional paper chromatography with solvents pyridine +water (4 + 1, by vol.) followed by n-butanol + acetic acid+water ( 6 + 1 + 2 , by vol.; Salton & Pavlik, ...
... Identi3cation of amino sugars. Hydrolysates of cell walls were prepared as for the identification of amino acids and were examined by two-dimensional paper chromatography with solvents pyridine +water (4 + 1, by vol.) followed by n-butanol + acetic acid+water ( 6 + 1 + 2 , by vol.; Salton & Pavlik, ...
Formation of Lys63-linked polyubiquitin chains on Gap1p permease
... representing the genome of strain Σ1278b. Transformants were screened for growth on MSer medium. A single plasmid carrying a 6.5 kb insert complementing the npi2 mutation was recovered. Subcloning experiments and phenotypic analysis on MSer and MThr revealed that the complementing gene corresponds t ...
... representing the genome of strain Σ1278b. Transformants were screened for growth on MSer medium. A single plasmid carrying a 6.5 kb insert complementing the npi2 mutation was recovered. Subcloning experiments and phenotypic analysis on MSer and MThr revealed that the complementing gene corresponds t ...
NUCLEAR AND CYTOPLASMIC STAINING
... The cytoskeleton (also CSK) is a cellular "scaffolding" or "skeleton" contained within the cytoplasm and is made out of protein. The cytoskeleton is present in all cells; it was once thought to be uni ...
... The cytoskeleton (also CSK) is a cellular "scaffolding" or "skeleton" contained within the cytoplasm and is made out of protein. The cytoskeleton is present in all cells; it was once thought to be uni ...
Formation Costimulation in Immunological Synapse Live
... signals) are also required for full T cell activation. The prototype of costimulation involves B7 molecules (CD80 and CD86) on APC and their receptor on T cells, CD28. Numerous studies have shown that B7/CD28 ligation enhances proliferation and IL-2 secretion by CD4⫹ T cells (13, 14). CD28 engagemen ...
... signals) are also required for full T cell activation. The prototype of costimulation involves B7 molecules (CD80 and CD86) on APC and their receptor on T cells, CD28. Numerous studies have shown that B7/CD28 ligation enhances proliferation and IL-2 secretion by CD4⫹ T cells (13, 14). CD28 engagemen ...
Termination of autophagy and reformation of lysosomes regulated
... Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved process by which cytoplasmic proteins and organelles are catabolized1,2. During starvation, the protein TOR (target of rapamycin), a nutrient-responsive kinase, is inhibited, and this induces autophagy. In autophagy, doublemembrane autophagosomes envelop and ...
... Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved process by which cytoplasmic proteins and organelles are catabolized1,2. During starvation, the protein TOR (target of rapamycin), a nutrient-responsive kinase, is inhibited, and this induces autophagy. In autophagy, doublemembrane autophagosomes envelop and ...
Cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in branching
... a tightly sealed epithelium, epithelial AJs must be remodeled to a significant extent during branch formation. Indeed, extensive AJ remodeling is required for the generation of most tracheal branches of a late Drosophila embryo, and individual steps in the remodeling process have been described in d ...
... a tightly sealed epithelium, epithelial AJs must be remodeled to a significant extent during branch formation. Indeed, extensive AJ remodeling is required for the generation of most tracheal branches of a late Drosophila embryo, and individual steps in the remodeling process have been described in d ...
figure 2 - Open Biology
... this space and genes that regulate these searches. In all eukaryotic cells, Rho-family GTPases dynamically control cytoskeletal organization to regulate cell shape [8]. Rho-family GTPases promote localized changes in cell morphology, as well as coordinating shape changes over the entire cell [9,10]. ...
... this space and genes that regulate these searches. In all eukaryotic cells, Rho-family GTPases dynamically control cytoskeletal organization to regulate cell shape [8]. Rho-family GTPases promote localized changes in cell morphology, as well as coordinating shape changes over the entire cell [9,10]. ...
Multiple Mechanisms of Resistance to Polyglutamatable and
... the experiment. The experiment was performed in a 37°C bath. At each time point, the medium was aspirated, and cells were washed twice with 5 ml of ice-cold PBS. Monolayer cells were lysed in 0.5 ml of a buffer containing 1% n-octylglucoside, 5 mM EDTA, 5 mM EGTA, and 10 mM Tris, pH 7.4. The cell ly ...
... the experiment. The experiment was performed in a 37°C bath. At each time point, the medium was aspirated, and cells were washed twice with 5 ml of ice-cold PBS. Monolayer cells were lysed in 0.5 ml of a buffer containing 1% n-octylglucoside, 5 mM EDTA, 5 mM EGTA, and 10 mM Tris, pH 7.4. The cell ly ...
Plankton Biol. Ecol. 52(2), Page 67, 2005
... by an order of magnitude (Kobori & Taga 1979; Hernandez ...
... by an order of magnitude (Kobori & Taga 1979; Hernandez ...
Localization of Phospholamban in Smooth Muscle
... eliminated in most areas. Another advantage was the degree of sensitivity offered by this method. In the EM preparations single vesicles and small portions of membrane were examined and it was possible to observe labeling of proteins present in amounts too low to be detected by other procedures, suc ...
... eliminated in most areas. Another advantage was the degree of sensitivity offered by this method. In the EM preparations single vesicles and small portions of membrane were examined and it was possible to observe labeling of proteins present in amounts too low to be detected by other procedures, suc ...
Paclitaxel-induced microtubule stabilization causes mitotic block
... and its analogues, we desired a cell-based assay for the purpose of initial screening. Unfortunately, yeast cells that contain the paclitaxel-binding tubulin (MGY1-tax) are not sensitive to paclitaxel, presumably because of the multiple ABC transporters in yeast (Decottignies and Goffeau, 1997). The ...
... and its analogues, we desired a cell-based assay for the purpose of initial screening. Unfortunately, yeast cells that contain the paclitaxel-binding tubulin (MGY1-tax) are not sensitive to paclitaxel, presumably because of the multiple ABC transporters in yeast (Decottignies and Goffeau, 1997). The ...
Dynamic Localization of Rop GTPases to the
... which share some functional and biogenetic similarities to plant vacuoles, involves RHO GTPasedependent signaling pathways (Adamson et al., 1992; Lamaze et al., 1996; Murphy et al., 1996). The RHOfamily GTPases belong to the RAS superfamily of small GTP-binding proteins (Chardin, 1993; Yang, 1996). ...
... which share some functional and biogenetic similarities to plant vacuoles, involves RHO GTPasedependent signaling pathways (Adamson et al., 1992; Lamaze et al., 1996; Murphy et al., 1996). The RHOfamily GTPases belong to the RAS superfamily of small GTP-binding proteins (Chardin, 1993; Yang, 1996). ...
Understanding Lignification: Challenges Beyond
... recent identification of MYB58 and MYB63, two Arabidopsis transcription activators specific for lignin biosynthesis (Zhou et al., 2009), highlights an alternative approach to discover candidate genes involved in lignifications such as monolignol transporter and oxidase genes. Overexpression of MYB58 ...
... recent identification of MYB58 and MYB63, two Arabidopsis transcription activators specific for lignin biosynthesis (Zhou et al., 2009), highlights an alternative approach to discover candidate genes involved in lignifications such as monolignol transporter and oxidase genes. Overexpression of MYB58 ...
Differential Expression Control and Polarized Distribution of Plasma
... Among the PM-resident Qa-SNARE molecules, five (SYP111, SYP121, SYP122, SYP123 and SYP132) were expressed in certain root tissues of 5-day-old seedlings. The GFP fluorescence of SYP111/KNOLLE was detected exclusively in dividing cells in the root tip region (Fig. 1A). The majority of expressed SYP111 ...
... Among the PM-resident Qa-SNARE molecules, five (SYP111, SYP121, SYP122, SYP123 and SYP132) were expressed in certain root tissues of 5-day-old seedlings. The GFP fluorescence of SYP111/KNOLLE was detected exclusively in dividing cells in the root tip region (Fig. 1A). The majority of expressed SYP111 ...
Somatic Cytokinesis and Pollen Maturation in Arabidopsis
... were also observed in the representative bright-field images (Figures 2C and 2D). The deposits occurred mostly at the cell periphery; therefore, the intine cell wall composition was analyzed using calcofluor white and aniline blue staining methods. A mixture of aniline blue and calcofluor white dist ...
... were also observed in the representative bright-field images (Figures 2C and 2D). The deposits occurred mostly at the cell periphery; therefore, the intine cell wall composition was analyzed using calcofluor white and aniline blue staining methods. A mixture of aniline blue and calcofluor white dist ...
Glucocorticoid-Induced Plasma Membrane Depolarization during
... intracellular environment caused by the loss of potassium is required for subsequent activation of caspase 3-like enzymes and DNA degradation (15–17). Recent studies from our laboratory have shown that antiFas antibody treatment of human Jurkat T cells led to sustained depolarization of the plasma m ...
... intracellular environment caused by the loss of potassium is required for subsequent activation of caspase 3-like enzymes and DNA degradation (15–17). Recent studies from our laboratory have shown that antiFas antibody treatment of human Jurkat T cells led to sustained depolarization of the plasma m ...
Methods for measuring rates of protein binding to insoluble scaffolds
... diffusion depending on the experimental conditions. Thus, the need for a better interpretation and mathematical analysis of FRAP data has become clear [Kaufman and Jain, 1990, 1991; Lele et al., 2004; Sprague et al., 2004; Sprague and McNally, 2005]. This is particularly true for nuclear proteins wh ...
... diffusion depending on the experimental conditions. Thus, the need for a better interpretation and mathematical analysis of FRAP data has become clear [Kaufman and Jain, 1990, 1991; Lele et al., 2004; Sprague et al., 2004; Sprague and McNally, 2005]. This is particularly true for nuclear proteins wh ...
Corneal epithelial cell biocompatibility to silicone
... cell viability and integrin expression. Neither caspase activation nor annexin V binding was observed on cells following exposure to borate buffer solution. However, a significant decrease in reactive oxygen species was observed at 24 h. These latter results suggest that in vitro exposure to low con ...
... cell viability and integrin expression. Neither caspase activation nor annexin V binding was observed on cells following exposure to borate buffer solution. However, a significant decrease in reactive oxygen species was observed at 24 h. These latter results suggest that in vitro exposure to low con ...
Lineage-restricted neural precursors survive, migrate, and
... Fetal spinal cord from embryonic day 14 (E14/FSC) has been used for numerous transplantation studies of injured spinal cord. E14/FSC consists primarily of neuronal (NRP)- and glial (GRP)-restricted precursors. Therefore, we reasoned that comparing the fate of E14/FSC with defined populations of line ...
... Fetal spinal cord from embryonic day 14 (E14/FSC) has been used for numerous transplantation studies of injured spinal cord. E14/FSC consists primarily of neuronal (NRP)- and glial (GRP)-restricted precursors. Therefore, we reasoned that comparing the fate of E14/FSC with defined populations of line ...
Extracellular matrix
In biology, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a collection of extracellular molecules secreted by cells that provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells. Because multicellularity evolved independently in different multicellular lineages, the composition of ECM varies between multicellular structures; however, cell adhesion, cell-to-cell communication and differentiation are common functions of the ECM.The animal extracellular matrix includes the interstitial matrix and the basement membrane. Interstitial matrix is present between various animal cells (i.e., in the intercellular spaces). Gels of polysaccharides and fibrous proteins fill the interstitial space and act as a compression buffer against the stress placed on the ECM. Basement membranes are sheet-like depositions of ECM on which various epithelial cells rest.The plant ECM includes cell wall components, like cellulose, in addition to more complex signaling molecules. Some single-celled organisms adopt multicelluar biofilms in which the cells are embedded in an ECM composed primarily of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS).