Crosslinking fixatives
... Note: Even the most careful fixation does alter the sample and introduce artifacts that can interfere with interpretation of cellular ultrastructure. A prominent example is the bacterial "mesosome", which was thought to be an organelle in gram-positive bacteria in the 1970s, but was later shown by n ...
... Note: Even the most careful fixation does alter the sample and introduce artifacts that can interfere with interpretation of cellular ultrastructure. A prominent example is the bacterial "mesosome", which was thought to be an organelle in gram-positive bacteria in the 1970s, but was later shown by n ...
The Evolution of Membranes - University of Guelph Physics
... swim away from the higher concentrations of O2 (poisonous to anaerobic bacteria) near the surface of the water and the other is to swim towards the higher concentrations of food in the ooze at the bottom of the lake, river or ocean. Procaryotic cells, having a size L ≈ 1 µm, cannot distinguish betwe ...
... swim away from the higher concentrations of O2 (poisonous to anaerobic bacteria) near the surface of the water and the other is to swim towards the higher concentrations of food in the ooze at the bottom of the lake, river or ocean. Procaryotic cells, having a size L ≈ 1 µm, cannot distinguish betwe ...
Processing of human cytomegalovirus envelope glycoproteins in
... fragment owing to the presence of a cluster of O-linked oligosaccharides on the polypeptide. This fragment ...
... fragment owing to the presence of a cluster of O-linked oligosaccharides on the polypeptide. This fragment ...
L 9 Myosin
... made up of tubulin longest strands of cytoskeleton make up spindle fibers (role in mitosis and meiosis) ...
... made up of tubulin longest strands of cytoskeleton make up spindle fibers (role in mitosis and meiosis) ...
Two-dimensional numerical study of flow
... shear flow causes the elongation of the non-adherent part of the cell membrane forming a long thin cylinder shape (i.e., cell tether). The formation of cell tether is important for regulation of cell adhesion strength and stabilization of cell rolling, and may significantly affect the flow dynamics ins ...
... shear flow causes the elongation of the non-adherent part of the cell membrane forming a long thin cylinder shape (i.e., cell tether). The formation of cell tether is important for regulation of cell adhesion strength and stabilization of cell rolling, and may significantly affect the flow dynamics ins ...
dependency relations between events in mitosis in
... mitosis itself. The benomyl-sensitive step was dependent on the cdc2 and cdc2~i steps, but the relationship between these gene-controlled steps was uncertain. Group (ii) processes may be dependent on those in group (i), or they may act independently of one another on separate pathways. Group (iii) m ...
... mitosis itself. The benomyl-sensitive step was dependent on the cdc2 and cdc2~i steps, but the relationship between these gene-controlled steps was uncertain. Group (ii) processes may be dependent on those in group (i), or they may act independently of one another on separate pathways. Group (iii) m ...
Surface Charge Distribution on the Endothelial Cell of Liver Sinusoids
... ofknown size and electric charge . Thus, differentiated microdomains of the capillary endothelium in pancreas (18, 19), lung (16), and bone marrow (3) have been put to evidence and partially characterized . One of these microdomains, the coated pit, defined by its peculiar ultrastructure, has been e ...
... ofknown size and electric charge . Thus, differentiated microdomains of the capillary endothelium in pancreas (18, 19), lung (16), and bone marrow (3) have been put to evidence and partially characterized . One of these microdomains, the coated pit, defined by its peculiar ultrastructure, has been e ...
Female Reproductive System
... With maturation, a primary follicle becomes a secondary follicle. In a secondary follicle, the theca differentiates into 2 layers: the theca interna and the theca externa. The theca interna is layer made up of highly vascularized cuboidal secretory cells that secrete estrogen. The theca externa is a ...
... With maturation, a primary follicle becomes a secondary follicle. In a secondary follicle, the theca differentiates into 2 layers: the theca interna and the theca externa. The theca interna is layer made up of highly vascularized cuboidal secretory cells that secrete estrogen. The theca externa is a ...
2015 Biology Pacing Guide
... b. Formulate questions that can be answered through research and experimental design. (DOK 3) c. Apply the components of scientific processes and methods in classroom and laboratory investigations (e.g., hypotheses, experimental design, observations, data analyses, interpretations, theory developmen ...
... b. Formulate questions that can be answered through research and experimental design. (DOK 3) c. Apply the components of scientific processes and methods in classroom and laboratory investigations (e.g., hypotheses, experimental design, observations, data analyses, interpretations, theory developmen ...
Shape engineering vs organic modification of cellular internalization
... important parameter which has received much less attention is the morphology (shape) of the nanocarrier. In order to investigate the morphology effect on the extent of cellular internalization, two similarly sized but differently shaped rod-like and spherical mesoporous silica nanoparticles were syn ...
... important parameter which has received much less attention is the morphology (shape) of the nanocarrier. In order to investigate the morphology effect on the extent of cellular internalization, two similarly sized but differently shaped rod-like and spherical mesoporous silica nanoparticles were syn ...
14-3-3 associates with cell surface aminopeptidase N in the
... (MMPs) represent a group of diverse proteolytic enzymes that are responsible for degradation of ECM and are involved in a variety of biological processes, such as tissue repair and remodeling, embryonic development, bone growth/resorption and tumor metastasis (Butler and Overall, 2009b; Nagase et al ...
... (MMPs) represent a group of diverse proteolytic enzymes that are responsible for degradation of ECM and are involved in a variety of biological processes, such as tissue repair and remodeling, embryonic development, bone growth/resorption and tumor metastasis (Butler and Overall, 2009b; Nagase et al ...
research article Numerical study of the electroporation pulse shape
... world and for this reason it has drawn the attention of many researchers. Chemotherapy has been used for many years and is one of the most common treatments for cancer. Cytotoxic chemotherapeutic drugs are usually hydrophilic with very low transport through the cell membrane and thus high doses of t ...
... world and for this reason it has drawn the attention of many researchers. Chemotherapy has been used for many years and is one of the most common treatments for cancer. Cytotoxic chemotherapeutic drugs are usually hydrophilic with very low transport through the cell membrane and thus high doses of t ...
The Analysis of Plant Growth - Plant Physiology and Development
... processes that are often synchronized during development For multicellular plants, many aspects of growth relate to newly formed cells produced by meristematic tissues. Growth associated with these cells is neither uniform nor random. For example, newly formed cells in apical meristems first enlarge ...
... processes that are often synchronized during development For multicellular plants, many aspects of growth relate to newly formed cells produced by meristematic tissues. Growth associated with these cells is neither uniform nor random. For example, newly formed cells in apical meristems first enlarge ...
The role of Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) - UiO
... form the major part of adipose tissue. Since obesity, which has reached epidemic proportions in the last decades, is the result of excess growth of the adipose tissue caused by both hypertrophy and hyperplasia, understanding how adipocytes expand is an important area research. Adipogenesis, the deve ...
... form the major part of adipose tissue. Since obesity, which has reached epidemic proportions in the last decades, is the result of excess growth of the adipose tissue caused by both hypertrophy and hyperplasia, understanding how adipocytes expand is an important area research. Adipogenesis, the deve ...
Chapter 5
... embedded in the plasma membrane bilayer with actin filaments in the cell’s cytoskeleton. Membranes use networks of other proteins to control the lateral movements of some key proteins within the bilayer, anchoring them to specific sites. 4. Cell-surface markers. Membrane sections are assembled in t ...
... embedded in the plasma membrane bilayer with actin filaments in the cell’s cytoskeleton. Membranes use networks of other proteins to control the lateral movements of some key proteins within the bilayer, anchoring them to specific sites. 4. Cell-surface markers. Membrane sections are assembled in t ...
Hes genes regulate size, shape and histogenesis of the
... accelerate cell differentiation and cause a wide range of defects in brain formation. In Hes-deficient embryos, initially formed neuroepithelial cells are not properly maintained, and radial glial cells are prematurely ...
... accelerate cell differentiation and cause a wide range of defects in brain formation. In Hes-deficient embryos, initially formed neuroepithelial cells are not properly maintained, and radial glial cells are prematurely ...
Mutant Superoxide Dismutase-1-Linked Familial Amyotrophic
... 1995). Identification of these mutations suggested that free radicals play a critical role in the pathogenesis of the disease (Deng et al., 1993). It remained unclear, however, whether SOD mutation produced motor neuron death because of loss of SOD enzymatic activity or gain of an adverse f unction. ...
... 1995). Identification of these mutations suggested that free radicals play a critical role in the pathogenesis of the disease (Deng et al., 1993). It remained unclear, however, whether SOD mutation produced motor neuron death because of loss of SOD enzymatic activity or gain of an adverse f unction. ...
PDF here - University of Edinburgh
... positive but it seemed clear that at least some cells with fibroblastlike characteristics also express the 2166 antigen. The pattern of labelling of NMJ-capping cells suggests that the 2166 antigen is spatially quite restricted: for instance, there were substantial parts of cells, mostly near the pe ...
... positive but it seemed clear that at least some cells with fibroblastlike characteristics also express the 2166 antigen. The pattern of labelling of NMJ-capping cells suggests that the 2166 antigen is spatially quite restricted: for instance, there were substantial parts of cells, mostly near the pe ...
MICROSCOPIC AND FUNCTIONAL STUDIES ON
... Another type of extracellular vesicles are microvesicles. Microvesicles form via direct budding from cell membrane (Figure 2). Microvesicles are also called as ectosomes (Stein and Luzio. 1991) and microparticles (Mackman. 2009) in literature. Recognition between exosomes and microvesicles is diffic ...
... Another type of extracellular vesicles are microvesicles. Microvesicles form via direct budding from cell membrane (Figure 2). Microvesicles are also called as ectosomes (Stein and Luzio. 1991) and microparticles (Mackman. 2009) in literature. Recognition between exosomes and microvesicles is diffic ...
Identification of fat-cell enhancer regions in Drosophila melanogaster
... 1996; Vroemen et al., 1998). Fat-body cells produce a number of other significant proteins including vitellogenins for oocyte maturation in Drosophila and mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti ) and diapause proteins and haemoglobin in midge fly larvae (Chironomus thummi ; reviewed in Keeley, 1985). The fat bod ...
... 1996; Vroemen et al., 1998). Fat-body cells produce a number of other significant proteins including vitellogenins for oocyte maturation in Drosophila and mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti ) and diapause proteins and haemoglobin in midge fly larvae (Chironomus thummi ; reviewed in Keeley, 1985). The fat bod ...
Extracellular matrix
In biology, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a collection of extracellular molecules secreted by cells that provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells. Because multicellularity evolved independently in different multicellular lineages, the composition of ECM varies between multicellular structures; however, cell adhesion, cell-to-cell communication and differentiation are common functions of the ECM.The animal extracellular matrix includes the interstitial matrix and the basement membrane. Interstitial matrix is present between various animal cells (i.e., in the intercellular spaces). Gels of polysaccharides and fibrous proteins fill the interstitial space and act as a compression buffer against the stress placed on the ECM. Basement membranes are sheet-like depositions of ECM on which various epithelial cells rest.The plant ECM includes cell wall components, like cellulose, in addition to more complex signaling molecules. Some single-celled organisms adopt multicelluar biofilms in which the cells are embedded in an ECM composed primarily of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS).