Interplay between cell growth and cell cycle in
... et al., 2012) and the plant-specific SIAMESE (SIM)-related proteins (Churchman et al., 2006; Roeder et al., 2010) bind to S-phase cyclin–CDKs to provide external input into cell-cycle progression. However, there are also differences in the plant cell-cycle control. One of them is in the complexity o ...
... et al., 2012) and the plant-specific SIAMESE (SIM)-related proteins (Churchman et al., 2006; Roeder et al., 2010) bind to S-phase cyclin–CDKs to provide external input into cell-cycle progression. However, there are also differences in the plant cell-cycle control. One of them is in the complexity o ...
Structure and Function of Plant Cell Wall Proteins
... ascorbic acid oxidase (Varner and Lin, 1989). However, the above five classes generally represent the most abundant, and to date, the most well-studied and widely documented, plant cell wall proteins. Before describing these five wall protein classes, I should point out that research on these indivi ...
... ascorbic acid oxidase (Varner and Lin, 1989). However, the above five classes generally represent the most abundant, and to date, the most well-studied and widely documented, plant cell wall proteins. Before describing these five wall protein classes, I should point out that research on these indivi ...
Understanding Lignification: Challenges Beyond
... After their biosynthesis, monolignols must be transported to the cell wall where they undergo oxidation and polymerization to form lignin. In contrast to our detailed knowledge of monolignol biosynthesis, we know little about how these compounds are moved from the cytoplasm to the cell wall. The tra ...
... After their biosynthesis, monolignols must be transported to the cell wall where they undergo oxidation and polymerization to form lignin. In contrast to our detailed knowledge of monolignol biosynthesis, we know little about how these compounds are moved from the cytoplasm to the cell wall. The tra ...
PDF
... per gonad arm that can be detected at any given time is very low [4.0 apoptotic germ cells on average in hermaphrodites 48 hours post the fourth larval (L4) stage] (Gumienny et al., 1999). For this reason, we analyzed constitutive germ cell apoptosis in the background of ced-6(n2095). n2095 is a los ...
... per gonad arm that can be detected at any given time is very low [4.0 apoptotic germ cells on average in hermaphrodites 48 hours post the fourth larval (L4) stage] (Gumienny et al., 1999). For this reason, we analyzed constitutive germ cell apoptosis in the background of ced-6(n2095). n2095 is a los ...
Oriented Asymmetric Divisions That Generate the
... Schnittger et al., 1999; Lee and Schiefelbein, 2000). Positional cues, which may be transmitted by intercellular signaling (Scheres, 1997), may be especially important in plants because plant cells do not usually migrate. In addition to their significance for gas exchange, stomata are a valuable sys ...
... Schnittger et al., 1999; Lee and Schiefelbein, 2000). Positional cues, which may be transmitted by intercellular signaling (Scheres, 1997), may be especially important in plants because plant cells do not usually migrate. In addition to their significance for gas exchange, stomata are a valuable sys ...
Hormonal control of cell division and elongation
... elements (AuxREs) were found in the promoter regions of these cyclins (Hu et al., 2003; Roudier et al., 2003); however, the functional relevance of such AuxREs has not yet been investigated. Himanen et al. (2002) showed that the transcript levels of the CDK inhibitors, KIP-RELATED PROTEIN 1 (KRP1) a ...
... elements (AuxREs) were found in the promoter regions of these cyclins (Hu et al., 2003; Roudier et al., 2003); however, the functional relevance of such AuxREs has not yet been investigated. Himanen et al. (2002) showed that the transcript levels of the CDK inhibitors, KIP-RELATED PROTEIN 1 (KRP1) a ...
Cell cycle control of cell morphogenesis in Caulobacter Jennifer C
... genes is accomplished through the temporal phosphorylation of FlbD [27]. The class II gene, flbE, was once thought to encode the FlbD kinase. FlbE is required for FlbDdependent transcription of class III and class IV genes and exhibits the ability to phosphorylate FlbD in vitro [32]. However, flbE a ...
... genes is accomplished through the temporal phosphorylation of FlbD [27]. The class II gene, flbE, was once thought to encode the FlbD kinase. FlbE is required for FlbDdependent transcription of class III and class IV genes and exhibits the ability to phosphorylate FlbD in vitro [32]. However, flbE a ...
Sporangiophores' Technique Study Transpiration Pressure Probe
... Pressure probe techniques have been used to determine the biophysical and biomechanical properties of higher plant cells which control water transport and plant cell growth (2-4, 8, 14). These pressure probe techniques have also been used to study the water relations of the sporangiophores of Phycom ...
... Pressure probe techniques have been used to determine the biophysical and biomechanical properties of higher plant cells which control water transport and plant cell growth (2-4, 8, 14). These pressure probe techniques have also been used to study the water relations of the sporangiophores of Phycom ...
Yeeeeeeea Haaaaaw! Grab yer hat and saddle the broncs! It`s time
... 2. Biology4Kids.com – http://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_main.html Learn all about a cell's structure and the functions of its organelles on this website. They also discuss the difference between a plant and animal cell. You are able to click on the various parts of the cell using the menu on th ...
... 2. Biology4Kids.com – http://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_main.html Learn all about a cell's structure and the functions of its organelles on this website. They also discuss the difference between a plant and animal cell. You are able to click on the various parts of the cell using the menu on th ...
Characterization of Dependencies Between Growth and
... Since it underlies so many biological phenomena, cell division is highly coordinated with other cellular processes. For instance, in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, cell division is known to be coordinated with cell growth [1–6] (reviewed in [7]). This dependence between growth and divis ...
... Since it underlies so many biological phenomena, cell division is highly coordinated with other cellular processes. For instance, in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, cell division is known to be coordinated with cell growth [1–6] (reviewed in [7]). This dependence between growth and divis ...
The cortical cytoskeletal network and cell-wall
... has limited our understanding of the evolution of cell expansion and division mechanics in the CGA, and has hindered our ability to identify those features that may have been key to the colonization of land by green plants. We have identified a unicellular desmid, Penium margaritaceum, itself a memb ...
... has limited our understanding of the evolution of cell expansion and division mechanics in the CGA, and has hindered our ability to identify those features that may have been key to the colonization of land by green plants. We have identified a unicellular desmid, Penium margaritaceum, itself a memb ...
Teacher Guide for Amplify Cell Structure and Function Module
... are carrying proteins. This should also help students in Session 2, when they think about outputs of the cell system. Note that vesicles coming out of the endoplasmic reticulum are green and vesicles coming out of the Golgi apparatus are purple but both carry protein. ...
... are carrying proteins. This should also help students in Session 2, when they think about outputs of the cell system. Note that vesicles coming out of the endoplasmic reticulum are green and vesicles coming out of the Golgi apparatus are purple but both carry protein. ...
2) A dynamic cell adhesion surface regulates tissue architecture in
... proliferative chondrocytes display planar alignment of cell bodies at both cytokinesis and following rotation, observations that validate previous results (Fig. 2K,L) (Li and Dudley, 2009). Although many of the key features of chondrocyte behavior were observed previously in tissue sections, live im ...
... proliferative chondrocytes display planar alignment of cell bodies at both cytokinesis and following rotation, observations that validate previous results (Fig. 2K,L) (Li and Dudley, 2009). Although many of the key features of chondrocyte behavior were observed previously in tissue sections, live im ...
Cleavage Furrow Establishment—A Preliminary to Cylindrical
... in physical properties and behavior, and that these alterations precipitate division. Other parts of the cell surface would, presumably, play no essential physical role in the process. Although both the polar (Swann and Mitchison, 1958; Wolpert, 1960) and equatorial (Rappaport, 1965) surfaces have b ...
... in physical properties and behavior, and that these alterations precipitate division. Other parts of the cell surface would, presumably, play no essential physical role in the process. Although both the polar (Swann and Mitchison, 1958; Wolpert, 1960) and equatorial (Rappaport, 1965) surfaces have b ...
Direct Evidence of Active and Rapid Nuclear
... observed in the nucleus and cytoplasm (7 min before vacuole rupture). The TE was highly vacuolated and its nucleus was tightly pressed against the plasma membrane. b, Soon after vacuole rupture (0 min), the nucleus was released from the vacuolar turgor pressure and became spherical. The heterochroma ...
... observed in the nucleus and cytoplasm (7 min before vacuole rupture). The TE was highly vacuolated and its nucleus was tightly pressed against the plasma membrane. b, Soon after vacuole rupture (0 min), the nucleus was released from the vacuolar turgor pressure and became spherical. The heterochroma ...
Inhibition of Cyclin-dependent Kinase Activity Triggers Neuronal
... 1994; Lee et al., 1994). In RBl-deficient mouse embryos both the central and peripheral nervous systems are grossly abnormal. In regions where only postmitotic cells are found in wild-type (wt) 1 animals, many cells attempt to divide and subsequently die in Rb -/- mice (Lee et al., 1992, 1994), sugg ...
... 1994; Lee et al., 1994). In RBl-deficient mouse embryos both the central and peripheral nervous systems are grossly abnormal. In regions where only postmitotic cells are found in wild-type (wt) 1 animals, many cells attempt to divide and subsequently die in Rb -/- mice (Lee et al., 1992, 1994), sugg ...
Murine Siva-1 and Siva-2, alternate splice forms of the mouse Siva
... receptor cytoplasmic tail appears to be critical for signal transduction. Several novel and important intracellular signaling molecules that associate with the cytoplasmic tails of various TNFR family members have been cloned and characterized. They can broadly be divided into three groups, the ®rst ...
... receptor cytoplasmic tail appears to be critical for signal transduction. Several novel and important intracellular signaling molecules that associate with the cytoplasmic tails of various TNFR family members have been cloned and characterized. They can broadly be divided into three groups, the ®rst ...
The Molecular Organization of Endothelial Cell to
... Abstract. In this paper we report that the assembly of interendothelial junctions containing the cell typespecific vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin or cadherin-5) is a dynamic process which is affected by the functional state of the cells. Immunofluorescence double labeling of endothelial ...
... Abstract. In this paper we report that the assembly of interendothelial junctions containing the cell typespecific vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin or cadherin-5) is a dynamic process which is affected by the functional state of the cells. Immunofluorescence double labeling of endothelial ...
Regulation by Polyamines of Ornithine
... Because exogenous polyamines affected ODC activity (Table II; Fig. 1D), the spermine-induced cell cycle arrest might be caused by a lack of putrescine and/or spermidine. Comparative analyses of the intracellular polyamine levels in spermine-treated and -untreated cultures revealed that spermine caus ...
... Because exogenous polyamines affected ODC activity (Table II; Fig. 1D), the spermine-induced cell cycle arrest might be caused by a lack of putrescine and/or spermidine. Comparative analyses of the intracellular polyamine levels in spermine-treated and -untreated cultures revealed that spermine caus ...
Cell surface mechanics and the control of cell shape, tissue patterns
... Compartments are immiscible groups of cells that are separated by a smooth tissue boundary. Compartments were discovered more than 30 years ago in the Drosophila melanogaster93 wing imaginal discs (and, later, in embryos) through the observation that clones of cells would grow with wiggly borders bu ...
... Compartments are immiscible groups of cells that are separated by a smooth tissue boundary. Compartments were discovered more than 30 years ago in the Drosophila melanogaster93 wing imaginal discs (and, later, in embryos) through the observation that clones of cells would grow with wiggly borders bu ...
A Biological Overview of the Cell Cycle and its Response to Osmotic
... is highly conserved, from unicellular eukaryotes, such as yeasts, to multicellular eukaryotes [35]. Therefore, simple eukaryotes, such as fission yeast and budding yeast, serve as model organisms to understand the cell cycle control mechanisms in Metazoa including humans. To understand such a comple ...
... is highly conserved, from unicellular eukaryotes, such as yeasts, to multicellular eukaryotes [35]. Therefore, simple eukaryotes, such as fission yeast and budding yeast, serve as model organisms to understand the cell cycle control mechanisms in Metazoa including humans. To understand such a comple ...
Vesicle Trafficking during Somatic Cytokinesis
... derived vesicles to the forming cell plate along the parallel-oriented microtubules of the phragmoplast by means of plus-end-directed microtubule motor proteins. Indeed, ultrastructural analysis has revealed a close association of vesicles with the phragmoplast microtubules (Kakimoto and Shibaoka, 1 ...
... derived vesicles to the forming cell plate along the parallel-oriented microtubules of the phragmoplast by means of plus-end-directed microtubule motor proteins. Indeed, ultrastructural analysis has revealed a close association of vesicles with the phragmoplast microtubules (Kakimoto and Shibaoka, 1 ...
Reactive oxygen species promote chloroplast dysfunction and
... molecule functioning in plant-microbe interactions in the induction of HR. In addition, SA synthesis is influenced by the light condition and closely associated with the chloroplasts [19], indicating that chloroplasts play an important role in SA-mediated, lightdependent HR. Biochemical studies using ...
... molecule functioning in plant-microbe interactions in the induction of HR. In addition, SA synthesis is influenced by the light condition and closely associated with the chloroplasts [19], indicating that chloroplasts play an important role in SA-mediated, lightdependent HR. Biochemical studies using ...
Separate metabolic pathways leading to DNA fragmentation and
... activation within the dying cells. However, other researchers (35, 36) have advanced evidence that chromatin condensation may be triggered through endonuclease-independent pathways. Several cytosolic and membrane bound factors, including components of the signal transduction pathway, are thought to ...
... activation within the dying cells. However, other researchers (35, 36) have advanced evidence that chromatin condensation may be triggered through endonuclease-independent pathways. Several cytosolic and membrane bound factors, including components of the signal transduction pathway, are thought to ...
Programmed cell death
Programmed cell-death (or PCD) is death of a cell in any form, mediated by an intracellular program. PCD is carried out in a regulated process, which usually confers advantage during an organism's life-cycle. For example, the differentiation of fingers and toes in a developing human embryo occurs because cells between the fingers apoptose; the result is that the digits are separate. PCD serves fundamental functions during both plant and metazoa (multicellular animals) tissue development.Apoptosis and autophagy are both forms of programmed cell death, but necrosis is a non-physiological process that occurs as a result of infection or injury.Necrosis is the death of a cell caused by external factors such as trauma or infection and occurs in several different forms. Recently a form of programmed necrosis, called necroptosis, has been recognized as an alternate form of programmed cell death. It is hypothesized that necroptosis can serve as a cell-death backup to apoptosis when the apoptosis signaling is blocked by endogenous or exogenous factors such as viruses or mutations.