Intrusive growth of flax phloem fibers is of intercalary type
... and Emons 2000), and longitudinally aligned microfilaments (Ketelaar et al. 2002, 2003) and longitudinally aligned microtubules (Sieberer et al. 2002) in the subapical region, whereas cells with diffuse growth do not show such organization. The study on the mechanism of intrusive growth is hampered ...
... and Emons 2000), and longitudinally aligned microfilaments (Ketelaar et al. 2002, 2003) and longitudinally aligned microtubules (Sieberer et al. 2002) in the subapical region, whereas cells with diffuse growth do not show such organization. The study on the mechanism of intrusive growth is hampered ...
Canonical Wnt9b signaling balances progenitor cell
... on the activity of the transcription factor Six2. Six2-positive cells that receive the Wnt9b signal are maintained as progenitors whereas cells with reduced levels of Six2 are induced to differentiate by Wnt9b. Using this simple mechanism, the kidney is able to balance progenitor cell expansion and ...
... on the activity of the transcription factor Six2. Six2-positive cells that receive the Wnt9b signal are maintained as progenitors whereas cells with reduced levels of Six2 are induced to differentiate by Wnt9b. Using this simple mechanism, the kidney is able to balance progenitor cell expansion and ...
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... What proteins are necessary for recognizing peroxisomes targeted for autophagy? In methylotrophic yeast, a pexophagy receptor Atg30 bridges the molecular interaction between an autophagic complex and the peroxisomal proteins Pex3 and Pex14 (Farré et al., 2008; Zutphen et al., 2008). In mammalian cel ...
... What proteins are necessary for recognizing peroxisomes targeted for autophagy? In methylotrophic yeast, a pexophagy receptor Atg30 bridges the molecular interaction between an autophagic complex and the peroxisomal proteins Pex3 and Pex14 (Farré et al., 2008; Zutphen et al., 2008). In mammalian cel ...
Balancing mitochondrial biogenesis and
... Alongside their essential roles in cell and animal physiology, mitochondria are also the major source of potentially hazardous reactive oxygen species as by-products of respiration. Thus, eukaryotic cells have evolved a wide arsenal of quality control mechanisms to preserve mitochondrial homeostasis ...
... Alongside their essential roles in cell and animal physiology, mitochondria are also the major source of potentially hazardous reactive oxygen species as by-products of respiration. Thus, eukaryotic cells have evolved a wide arsenal of quality control mechanisms to preserve mitochondrial homeostasis ...
ANISOTROPIC EXPANSION OF THE PLANT CELL WALL
... flat solar panels of leaves to the coiled grappling hooks of tendrils. Thompson (1917) realized that adaptive advantage is insufficient to explain form; he argued that additionally the process of construction plays a role. The only construction process used to shape plant organs is expansion of cell w ...
... flat solar panels of leaves to the coiled grappling hooks of tendrils. Thompson (1917) realized that adaptive advantage is insufficient to explain form; he argued that additionally the process of construction plays a role. The only construction process used to shape plant organs is expansion of cell w ...
Asymmetries in Cell Division, Cell Size, and Furrowing in the
... century—allowed discovering basic principles of early development in vertebrates including asymmetric distribution of cell fate determinants, which leads to dorsalization of the embryo. Although the asymmetric cell-size division of the early Xenopus embryo was described long ago, it is still, in con ...
... century—allowed discovering basic principles of early development in vertebrates including asymmetric distribution of cell fate determinants, which leads to dorsalization of the embryo. Although the asymmetric cell-size division of the early Xenopus embryo was described long ago, it is still, in con ...
G1 Phase-Dependent Expression of Bcl
... Research Institute, Tampa, FL). MCF-7 cells, human Jurkat T cells, and Jurkat T cells overexpressing the human Bcl-2 oncoprotein or the vector alone were cultured in RPMI 1640 supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum, 100 U/ml of penicillin, and 100 g/ml of streptomycin. Normal (WI-38) and simian vir ...
... Research Institute, Tampa, FL). MCF-7 cells, human Jurkat T cells, and Jurkat T cells overexpressing the human Bcl-2 oncoprotein or the vector alone were cultured in RPMI 1640 supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum, 100 U/ml of penicillin, and 100 g/ml of streptomycin. Normal (WI-38) and simian vir ...
Fig 1.
... HA-tagged p-CMV-SPORT2-EDEM1 construct was provided by Kuzuhiro Nagata and has been previously reported [11]. The pEGFP-LC3 construct was provided by Jennifer LippincottSchwartz, and has been previously described [12]. The tandem mRFP-EGFP-tagged LC3 construct has been described before [13]. The gen ...
... HA-tagged p-CMV-SPORT2-EDEM1 construct was provided by Kuzuhiro Nagata and has been previously reported [11]. The pEGFP-LC3 construct was provided by Jennifer LippincottSchwartz, and has been previously described [12]. The tandem mRFP-EGFP-tagged LC3 construct has been described before [13]. The gen ...
Research Databases
... disease, obesity, cancer and other consequences of aging. Given the organelle's core function in the body, some think mitochondria might even be the biological epicenter of aging itself: If you live long enough, all your cells might experience a kind of energy crisis. "I strongly believe that mitoch ...
... disease, obesity, cancer and other consequences of aging. Given the organelle's core function in the body, some think mitochondria might even be the biological epicenter of aging itself: If you live long enough, all your cells might experience a kind of energy crisis. "I strongly believe that mitoch ...
Multiscale View of Cytoskeletal Mechanoregulation of Cell and
... With so many vital processes that take place throughout the life of an organism, it is not surprising that defects in cell polarity may have dire consequences, such as severe neural tube closure defects (Juriloff and Harris 2012), deafness and kidney diseases, and severe homeostasis defects associat ...
... With so many vital processes that take place throughout the life of an organism, it is not surprising that defects in cell polarity may have dire consequences, such as severe neural tube closure defects (Juriloff and Harris 2012), deafness and kidney diseases, and severe homeostasis defects associat ...
A Model for Cell Proliferation in a Developing Organism
... Starting point. Talks given by Kerry Landman at recent UQ Mathematics Colloquia (August 2015 and July 2016). The model in question is described in . . . Hywood, J.D., Hackett-Jones, E.J. and Landman, K.A. (2013) Modeling biological tissue growth: Discrete to continuum representations. Physical Revie ...
... Starting point. Talks given by Kerry Landman at recent UQ Mathematics Colloquia (August 2015 and July 2016). The model in question is described in . . . Hywood, J.D., Hackett-Jones, E.J. and Landman, K.A. (2013) Modeling biological tissue growth: Discrete to continuum representations. Physical Revie ...
pig-1_final 121812
... Asymmetric cell divisions produce daughter cells with distinct sizes and fates, a process important for generating cell diversity during development. Many C. elegans neuroblasts, including Q.p, divide to produce a larger neuron or neuronal precursor and a smaller cell that dies. These size and fate ...
... Asymmetric cell divisions produce daughter cells with distinct sizes and fates, a process important for generating cell diversity during development. Many C. elegans neuroblasts, including Q.p, divide to produce a larger neuron or neuronal precursor and a smaller cell that dies. These size and fate ...
Review Convergent Extension - Massachusetts Institute of Technology
... Focusing on frogs and fish, we review the different cellular mechanisms and the well-conserved signaling pathways that underlie this process. One of the attractions of working on embryos is the fascination of watching them change their shape. Despite the temptation to study morphogenesis, most devel ...
... Focusing on frogs and fish, we review the different cellular mechanisms and the well-conserved signaling pathways that underlie this process. One of the attractions of working on embryos is the fascination of watching them change their shape. Despite the temptation to study morphogenesis, most devel ...
The Small GTPases Rho and Rac Are Required for the
... and Hall, 1996; Zigmond, 1996). Studies in fibroblasts revealed that members of the Rho family modulate different aspects of actin organization and cell morphology, i.e., stress fibers, lamellipodia, and filopodia are regulated by Rho, Rac, and Cdc42, respectively (Ridley and Hall, 1992; Ridley et a ...
... and Hall, 1996; Zigmond, 1996). Studies in fibroblasts revealed that members of the Rho family modulate different aspects of actin organization and cell morphology, i.e., stress fibers, lamellipodia, and filopodia are regulated by Rho, Rac, and Cdc42, respectively (Ridley and Hall, 1992; Ridley et a ...
Tensile Properties of Arabidopsis Cell Walls Depend on Both a
... (Jones et al., 2001; Köhler and Spatz, 2002). However, several Arabidopsis mutants are known (including mur2 and mur3) in which polysaccharides of the primary wall are altered (Reiter et al., 1993, 1997), but no morphological or mechanical phenotype is apparent in the mature plants (Vanzin et al., ...
... (Jones et al., 2001; Köhler and Spatz, 2002). However, several Arabidopsis mutants are known (including mur2 and mur3) in which polysaccharides of the primary wall are altered (Reiter et al., 1993, 1997), but no morphological or mechanical phenotype is apparent in the mature plants (Vanzin et al., ...
the cell cycle in action - Oxford Academic
... finger (CUL3-BTB/POZ); UV-damaged DNA binding protein 1 (CUL4-DDB1) and the anaphase-promoting complex/ cyclosome (APC/C). In the case of plants, the number of E3 ligases is much higher than in other eukaryotes (yeast and mammals for example), also suggesting a broader number of targets that might b ...
... finger (CUL3-BTB/POZ); UV-damaged DNA binding protein 1 (CUL4-DDB1) and the anaphase-promoting complex/ cyclosome (APC/C). In the case of plants, the number of E3 ligases is much higher than in other eukaryotes (yeast and mammals for example), also suggesting a broader number of targets that might b ...
The more and smaller cells mutants of Arabidopsis
... reduced by a mutation in a cell-proliferation-promoting gene, the size of individual cells often increases. This phenomenon, called compensation syndrome, is observed in several Arabidopsis mutants. However, overexpression of such a gene [for example, ANGUSTIFOLIA 3 (AN3)/GRF-INTERACTING FACTOR 1 (G ...
... reduced by a mutation in a cell-proliferation-promoting gene, the size of individual cells often increases. This phenomenon, called compensation syndrome, is observed in several Arabidopsis mutants. However, overexpression of such a gene [for example, ANGUSTIFOLIA 3 (AN3)/GRF-INTERACTING FACTOR 1 (G ...
Viscoelastic dissipation stabilizes cell shape changes
... the reference configuration), and going further away from the reference configuration requires ever-increasing forces, which in the case of biological systems might cause fracture or loss of cellular integrity (9). On the other hand, viscous materials do not store elastic energy and thus have no ref ...
... the reference configuration), and going further away from the reference configuration requires ever-increasing forces, which in the case of biological systems might cause fracture or loss of cellular integrity (9). On the other hand, viscous materials do not store elastic energy and thus have no ref ...
Neuronal body size correlates with the number of nucleoli
... neurons. J. Comp. Neurol. 430:250 –263, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Indexing terms: survival motor neuron protein; splicing snRNPs; U2Bⴕⴕ; interchromatin granule clusters; nuclear speckles; DNA content ...
... neurons. J. Comp. Neurol. 430:250 –263, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Indexing terms: survival motor neuron protein; splicing snRNPs; U2Bⴕⴕ; interchromatin granule clusters; nuclear speckles; DNA content ...
the process of selection of erythromycin
... From a great number of pairs isolated, those that remained united by a cytoplasmic bridge after fertilization were selected for study. The presence of this bridge indicates that cytoplasm, including mitochondria, has been exchanged between the mates. The bridges are usually transient (5 to 20 min in ...
... From a great number of pairs isolated, those that remained united by a cytoplasmic bridge after fertilization were selected for study. The presence of this bridge indicates that cytoplasm, including mitochondria, has been exchanged between the mates. The bridges are usually transient (5 to 20 min in ...
The Arabidopsis sku6-spiral1 gene encodes a plus end
... hypocotyls exhibited a right-handed axial twist. These root phenotypes, along with an accompanying defect in anisotropic cell growth, were suppressed by the antimicrotubule drug propyzamide and the microtubule stabilizing drug taxol. Furutani et al. (2000) also found that the cortical microtubule ar ...
... hypocotyls exhibited a right-handed axial twist. These root phenotypes, along with an accompanying defect in anisotropic cell growth, were suppressed by the antimicrotubule drug propyzamide and the microtubule stabilizing drug taxol. Furutani et al. (2000) also found that the cortical microtubule ar ...
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... pattern consists of a longitudinal band of stained cells. The lateral edge of this band is smooth but from its medial edge a finger of stained cells projects toward the ventral midline in each segment (Fig. 3a, upper). In six of the nine embryos examined in this experiment, the labeled blast cell pr ...
... pattern consists of a longitudinal band of stained cells. The lateral edge of this band is smooth but from its medial edge a finger of stained cells projects toward the ventral midline in each segment (Fig. 3a, upper). In six of the nine embryos examined in this experiment, the labeled blast cell pr ...
Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation
... (Roche et al., 1991). NodPQ proteins have been shown to represent enzymes that generate active forms of sulfate, and NodH is homologous to sulfotransferases. Therefore, these enzymes are probably directly involved in catalyzing the sulfation of R. meliloti Nod factors (Roche et al., 1991; Fisher and ...
... (Roche et al., 1991). NodPQ proteins have been shown to represent enzymes that generate active forms of sulfate, and NodH is homologous to sulfotransferases. Therefore, these enzymes are probably directly involved in catalyzing the sulfation of R. meliloti Nod factors (Roche et al., 1991; Fisher and ...
Programmed cell death
Programmed cell-death (or PCD) is death of a cell in any form, mediated by an intracellular program. PCD is carried out in a regulated process, which usually confers advantage during an organism's life-cycle. For example, the differentiation of fingers and toes in a developing human embryo occurs because cells between the fingers apoptose; the result is that the digits are separate. PCD serves fundamental functions during both plant and metazoa (multicellular animals) tissue development.Apoptosis and autophagy are both forms of programmed cell death, but necrosis is a non-physiological process that occurs as a result of infection or injury.Necrosis is the death of a cell caused by external factors such as trauma or infection and occurs in several different forms. Recently a form of programmed necrosis, called necroptosis, has been recognized as an alternate form of programmed cell death. It is hypothesized that necroptosis can serve as a cell-death backup to apoptosis when the apoptosis signaling is blocked by endogenous or exogenous factors such as viruses or mutations.