When Cells Become Organelle Donors
... cell types, including human and rodent, differentiated and multipotent, malignant and benign, epithelial and mesenchymal, and neuronal. Thus it is safe to conclude that the capability of one cell to donate or receive an organelle from another cell is clearly widespread throughout mammalian cell type ...
... cell types, including human and rodent, differentiated and multipotent, malignant and benign, epithelial and mesenchymal, and neuronal. Thus it is safe to conclude that the capability of one cell to donate or receive an organelle from another cell is clearly widespread throughout mammalian cell type ...
Macroscopic stiffening of embryonic tissues via
... cell rearrangement during gastrulation is regulated by the planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway. Cell or tissue response to chemotactic signals or activation of the PCP pathway depends both on specific details of the molecular programs, as well as on the mechanical context in which they play out (Davi ...
... cell rearrangement during gastrulation is regulated by the planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway. Cell or tissue response to chemotactic signals or activation of the PCP pathway depends both on specific details of the molecular programs, as well as on the mechanical context in which they play out (Davi ...
The Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor KRP6 Induces Mitosis and
... the need for both cell cycle types for successful RKN reproduction (de Almeida Engler et al., 2012). Different types of CDK/CYC complexes account for the correct temporal and unidirectional ordering of cell cycle events (Inzé and De Veylder, 2006). The model plant species Arabidopsis encodes up to 1 ...
... the need for both cell cycle types for successful RKN reproduction (de Almeida Engler et al., 2012). Different types of CDK/CYC complexes account for the correct temporal and unidirectional ordering of cell cycle events (Inzé and De Veylder, 2006). The model plant species Arabidopsis encodes up to 1 ...
Serial killers: ordering caspase activation events in apoptosis
... threat of damage to proteins other than their intended targets. For this reason, the potentially destructive forces of proteases are typically muzzled within the cell until their services are required. This is usually achieved in two basic ways: (1) many proteases are synthesized as inactive pro-enz ...
... threat of damage to proteins other than their intended targets. For this reason, the potentially destructive forces of proteases are typically muzzled within the cell until their services are required. This is usually achieved in two basic ways: (1) many proteases are synthesized as inactive pro-enz ...
A Role for Mitochondria in the Establishment and
... Embedded in all angiosperm root apices is a population of slowly dividing cells that together form a region known as the quiescent center (QC). Depending on the species, the QC varies in size from four cells in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) to upward of 1,000 cells in the root apex of maize (Ze ...
... Embedded in all angiosperm root apices is a population of slowly dividing cells that together form a region known as the quiescent center (QC). Depending on the species, the QC varies in size from four cells in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) to upward of 1,000 cells in the root apex of maize (Ze ...
Dynamical patterning modules in plant development and evolution
... particular, we note that many plants are characterized by having open, indeterminate development during which new tissues and organs are added continuously over the course of their life times. This mode of development reflects the presence of meristems, which are composed of pluripotent cells. Among ...
... particular, we note that many plants are characterized by having open, indeterminate development during which new tissues and organs are added continuously over the course of their life times. This mode of development reflects the presence of meristems, which are composed of pluripotent cells. Among ...
Protoplast Culture: definition
... Once the protoplasts have regenerated a cell wall, they undergo cell division and form a callus.This callus can be subcultured. The callus may undergo embryogenesis or organogenesis after about 3-4 weeks, in the correct culture conditions. The ...
... Once the protoplasts have regenerated a cell wall, they undergo cell division and form a callus.This callus can be subcultured. The callus may undergo embryogenesis or organogenesis after about 3-4 weeks, in the correct culture conditions. The ...
Asymmetric Cell Divisions: Zygotes of Fucoid Algae as a
... pronucleus migrates to the egg pronucleus utilizing microtubules (Swope and Kropf 1993), and the zygote secretes a cell wall (Quatrano 1982) and an adhesive that attaches it firmly to the rock (Hable and Kropf 1998). Once attached, the young zygote monitors its environment for positional information. ...
... pronucleus migrates to the egg pronucleus utilizing microtubules (Swope and Kropf 1993), and the zygote secretes a cell wall (Quatrano 1982) and an adhesive that attaches it firmly to the rock (Hable and Kropf 1998). Once attached, the young zygote monitors its environment for positional information. ...
The ARP2/3 complex: giving plant cells a leading edge
... exocyst or a cell wall, as occurs in many fungi and plant cells, it loses both its flexibility of form as well as the capacity for locomotion. Walled cells, therefore, unless equipped with special locomotor organs, can only grow towards or away from a stimulus. Animal cell locomotion and growth-depe ...
... exocyst or a cell wall, as occurs in many fungi and plant cells, it loses both its flexibility of form as well as the capacity for locomotion. Walled cells, therefore, unless equipped with special locomotor organs, can only grow towards or away from a stimulus. Animal cell locomotion and growth-depe ...
Molecular encounters at microtubule ends in the plant cell cortex
... plant cells entering mitosis [19]. In mammalian cells, the initial activation of cyclin B1-Cdk1 in early prophase takes place at the centrosome, before spreading to the rest of the cell to induce nuclear and cytoplasmic mitotic events [20]. Interestingly, TONNEAU has been recently shown to co-purify ...
... plant cells entering mitosis [19]. In mammalian cells, the initial activation of cyclin B1-Cdk1 in early prophase takes place at the centrosome, before spreading to the rest of the cell to induce nuclear and cytoplasmic mitotic events [20]. Interestingly, TONNEAU has been recently shown to co-purify ...
315-332
... Lemmon, 1993). The primary cell wall, typically 0.1–10 µm thick, is deposited once the cell plate is complete and continues to be deposited whilst the cell is growing and expanding. The primary cell wall defines cell shape and thereby contributes to the structural integrity of the entire plant. At m ...
... Lemmon, 1993). The primary cell wall, typically 0.1–10 µm thick, is deposited once the cell plate is complete and continues to be deposited whilst the cell is growing and expanding. The primary cell wall defines cell shape and thereby contributes to the structural integrity of the entire plant. At m ...
New roles for Nanos in neural cell fate determination revealed by
... representative in the European North Atlantic. Throughout the animal’s life cycle, a population of stem cells, called interstitial cells, or i-cells for short, continuously provides progenitors to all somatic and germ cell lineages. Hydractinia reproduces sexually on a daily basis, has a short and a ...
... representative in the European North Atlantic. Throughout the animal’s life cycle, a population of stem cells, called interstitial cells, or i-cells for short, continuously provides progenitors to all somatic and germ cell lineages. Hydractinia reproduces sexually on a daily basis, has a short and a ...
Modelling the structural response of an eukaryotic cell in the optical
... in the cell in a hub-and-spoke array that extends radially outward to the actin cortex from the centrosome, which is located near the nucleus1. Intermediate filaments are flexible coil-like polymers that form a fibrous network throughout the cell interior. Together, these polymers create a dynamic c ...
... in the cell in a hub-and-spoke array that extends radially outward to the actin cortex from the centrosome, which is located near the nucleus1. Intermediate filaments are flexible coil-like polymers that form a fibrous network throughout the cell interior. Together, these polymers create a dynamic c ...
Receptor-like Protein-tyrosine Phosphatase Enhances Cell Surface
... (GPI) link. NB-3 forms a co-receptor complex with CHL1, an L1 family cell adhesion molecule, in developing neurons. Knocking out either Nb-3 or Chl1 genes in mice leads to abnormal apical dendrite orientation in layer V of the caudal cortex, indicating that both are important for apical dendrite dev ...
... (GPI) link. NB-3 forms a co-receptor complex with CHL1, an L1 family cell adhesion molecule, in developing neurons. Knocking out either Nb-3 or Chl1 genes in mice leads to abnormal apical dendrite orientation in layer V of the caudal cortex, indicating that both are important for apical dendrite dev ...
Programmed cell death in C. elegans: the genetic framework
... normal cells, since ced-3 mutants are superficially indistinguishable from wild-type animals and do not show obvious morphological or behavioral abnormalities (18). However, subtle defects such as slow growth, slightly reduced brood size, and impaired chemotaxis response have been observed with ced ...
... normal cells, since ced-3 mutants are superficially indistinguishable from wild-type animals and do not show obvious morphological or behavioral abnormalities (18). However, subtle defects such as slow growth, slightly reduced brood size, and impaired chemotaxis response have been observed with ced ...
Geometrical constraints in the scaling relationships between
... All of these pioneering studies used ordinary leastsquares (OLS) regression to estimate the scaling exponents. While OLS regression is a standard tool for analysing data where both predictors and dependent variables are clear, its use should be restricted to cases when errors on the x-axis are negli ...
... All of these pioneering studies used ordinary leastsquares (OLS) regression to estimate the scaling exponents. While OLS regression is a standard tool for analysing data where both predictors and dependent variables are clear, its use should be restricted to cases when errors on the x-axis are negli ...
DIFFERENCES IN PLOIDY AND DEGREE OF INTERCELLULAR
... roots while those containing only S2 did not. A sample of S2 from theflaskin which this was surrounded by S4 callus was removed to a further flask and surrounded by fresh S4 inocula. Again no differentiation was found in the S2 callus after growth had occurred and this result was also obtained when ...
... roots while those containing only S2 did not. A sample of S2 from theflaskin which this was surrounded by S4 callus was removed to a further flask and surrounded by fresh S4 inocula. Again no differentiation was found in the S2 callus after growth had occurred and this result was also obtained when ...
Do Bacteria have Mitotic Spindles, Fusion Tubes and
... I have often drawn attention to the errors of interpretation which may arise from failure to recognize that many bacteria are divided into numerous, small cells by cross-walls and septa (Bisset, 1948a, b, 1950, 1951a, 1952a, b ) . This is especially true of Bacillus and Mycobacterium. These observat ...
... I have often drawn attention to the errors of interpretation which may arise from failure to recognize that many bacteria are divided into numerous, small cells by cross-walls and septa (Bisset, 1948a, b, 1950, 1951a, 1952a, b ) . This is especially true of Bacillus and Mycobacterium. These observat ...
Chapter 7 Cell Structure and Function Section: 7-1 Life
... Lipid portions of the cell membrane and proteins are made by the endoplasmic reticulum. New proteins leave the ribosomes on roughendoplasmic reticulum and may be chemically altered in the ER. Newly assembled proteins are carried from the rough-ER to the Golgi apparatus in vesicles. ...
... Lipid portions of the cell membrane and proteins are made by the endoplasmic reticulum. New proteins leave the ribosomes on roughendoplasmic reticulum and may be chemically altered in the ER. Newly assembled proteins are carried from the rough-ER to the Golgi apparatus in vesicles. ...
BOSTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE Thesis THE ROLE
... cases of oxidative stress (Yang 2013), for example, in mesenchymal stem cells during an interleukin- beta inflammatory response (Liu 2013), and was found to exert antinociceptive and antiallodynic effects in studies of pain perception (Srinivasan 2012). This leads one to wonder what kind of effects ...
... cases of oxidative stress (Yang 2013), for example, in mesenchymal stem cells during an interleukin- beta inflammatory response (Liu 2013), and was found to exert antinociceptive and antiallodynic effects in studies of pain perception (Srinivasan 2012). This leads one to wonder what kind of effects ...
CycD1, a Putative G1 Cyclin from Antirrhinum majus
... The Arath;CycD1;1 mutant plants have no obvious phenotype (O. Koroleva and J. Doonan, unpublished data). However, overexpression of selected D cyclin genes indicates that two of the three main groups have different functions. Thus, Arath;CycD2;1 appears to be rate limiting for progression through G1 ...
... The Arath;CycD1;1 mutant plants have no obvious phenotype (O. Koroleva and J. Doonan, unpublished data). However, overexpression of selected D cyclin genes indicates that two of the three main groups have different functions. Thus, Arath;CycD2;1 appears to be rate limiting for progression through G1 ...
REVIEW ARTICLE Mechanisms of pattern formation in development
... 2028 I. Salazar-Ciudad, J. Jernvall and S. A. Newman developing planar and solid tissues, respectively. Second, mechanisms that use cell behaviors other than signaling (we will refer to these as morphogenetic mechanisms) act on the previously established pattern to cause the formation of threedimen ...
... 2028 I. Salazar-Ciudad, J. Jernvall and S. A. Newman developing planar and solid tissues, respectively. Second, mechanisms that use cell behaviors other than signaling (we will refer to these as morphogenetic mechanisms) act on the previously established pattern to cause the formation of threedimen ...
Lecture21
... often have multiple chromosomes Eukaryote (“true nucleus”) (linear chromosomes) are much more complex lots more genes DNA containing organelles (“little organs”) lots of “junk DNA” in their genes nucleus mitochondrion - respiration were once free-living prokaryotes chloroplast - photosynthesis ...
... often have multiple chromosomes Eukaryote (“true nucleus”) (linear chromosomes) are much more complex lots more genes DNA containing organelles (“little organs”) lots of “junk DNA” in their genes nucleus mitochondrion - respiration were once free-living prokaryotes chloroplast - photosynthesis ...
CycD1, a Putative G1 Cyclin from Antirrhinum majus, Accelerates
... The Arath;CycD1;1 mutant plants have no obvious phenotype (O. Koroleva and J. Doonan, unpublished data). However, overexpression of selected D cyclin genes indicates that two of the three main groups have different functions. Thus, Arath;CycD2;1 appears to be rate limiting for progression through G1 ...
... The Arath;CycD1;1 mutant plants have no obvious phenotype (O. Koroleva and J. Doonan, unpublished data). However, overexpression of selected D cyclin genes indicates that two of the three main groups have different functions. Thus, Arath;CycD2;1 appears to be rate limiting for progression through G1 ...
Programmed cell death
Programmed cell-death (or PCD) is death of a cell in any form, mediated by an intracellular program. PCD is carried out in a regulated process, which usually confers advantage during an organism's life-cycle. For example, the differentiation of fingers and toes in a developing human embryo occurs because cells between the fingers apoptose; the result is that the digits are separate. PCD serves fundamental functions during both plant and metazoa (multicellular animals) tissue development.Apoptosis and autophagy are both forms of programmed cell death, but necrosis is a non-physiological process that occurs as a result of infection or injury.Necrosis is the death of a cell caused by external factors such as trauma or infection and occurs in several different forms. Recently a form of programmed necrosis, called necroptosis, has been recognized as an alternate form of programmed cell death. It is hypothesized that necroptosis can serve as a cell-death backup to apoptosis when the apoptosis signaling is blocked by endogenous or exogenous factors such as viruses or mutations.