BE WHEN THEY GROW UP? Lessons from Epidermal Patterning in
... transcription factors. Second, the timing and location of differentiation is often regulated by both long-range hormonal signals and local cell-cell signaling. Third, differentiating cells often either stop cycling mitotically or enter a modified cell cycle. The plant epidermis is an excellent tissu ...
... transcription factors. Second, the timing and location of differentiation is often regulated by both long-range hormonal signals and local cell-cell signaling. Third, differentiating cells often either stop cycling mitotically or enter a modified cell cycle. The plant epidermis is an excellent tissu ...
Low Catecholamine Concentrations Protect Adult Rat Ventricular
... the trophic effects of which are well established (Sadoshima et al., 1995) but which was also recently identified as a potent proapoptotic agent (Kajstura et al., 1997). These observations are also in keeping with our current knowledge of apoptosis, a tightly regulated biological process controlled ...
... the trophic effects of which are well established (Sadoshima et al., 1995) but which was also recently identified as a potent proapoptotic agent (Kajstura et al., 1997). These observations are also in keeping with our current knowledge of apoptosis, a tightly regulated biological process controlled ...
A Shift toward Smaller Cell Size via Manipulation of Cell Cycle Gene
... shape. For example, mutants in which leaf morphology is altered often display an altered pattern of division termination (Nath et al., 2003), and an extended phase of cell proliferation has frequently been associated with alterations in leaf size and shape (Mizukami and Fischer, 2000; Autran et al., ...
... shape. For example, mutants in which leaf morphology is altered often display an altered pattern of division termination (Nath et al., 2003), and an extended phase of cell proliferation has frequently been associated with alterations in leaf size and shape (Mizukami and Fischer, 2000; Autran et al., ...
Selective protein degradation: a rheostat to
... restricted similarities with the mammalian Kip/Cip proteins. At the functional level, constitutive overexpression in transgenic Arabidopsis plants of all KRPs tested so far can block both M and S phases, leading not only to growth retardation, including a reduction in cell number and organ size, but ...
... restricted similarities with the mammalian Kip/Cip proteins. At the functional level, constitutive overexpression in transgenic Arabidopsis plants of all KRPs tested so far can block both M and S phases, leading not only to growth retardation, including a reduction in cell number and organ size, but ...
jxb.oxfordjournals.org
... previously characterized 26S proteasome mutant ae3-1 (Huang et al., 2006) and ribosome mutant ae5-1 (Yao et al., 2008) exhibited not only leaf adaxial–abaxial polarity but also cell proliferation defects, and it was therefore proposed that normal cell proliferation may be essential for establishment ...
... previously characterized 26S proteasome mutant ae3-1 (Huang et al., 2006) and ribosome mutant ae5-1 (Yao et al., 2008) exhibited not only leaf adaxial–abaxial polarity but also cell proliferation defects, and it was therefore proposed that normal cell proliferation may be essential for establishment ...
Role of the p53 Tumor Suppressor Gene in Cell Cycle Arrest and
... protein that contains putative metal binding sites that are important for maintenance of the wild-type p53 conformation (10). Mutations in p53 cluster predominantly within this DNA binding region and lead to a loss of function of both the DNA binding and biological activity of the protein (1-5, 9-10 ...
... protein that contains putative metal binding sites that are important for maintenance of the wild-type p53 conformation (10). Mutations in p53 cluster predominantly within this DNA binding region and lead to a loss of function of both the DNA binding and biological activity of the protein (1-5, 9-10 ...
From DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL
... Mouse ES cells were the first to be derived from an organism, by cultivation of cells from the inner cell mass of blastocysts (Evans and Kaufman, 1981; Martin, 1981). These cells can be readily maintained and expanded as an undifferentiated pure cell population in vitro. Moreover, they can different ...
... Mouse ES cells were the first to be derived from an organism, by cultivation of cells from the inner cell mass of blastocysts (Evans and Kaufman, 1981; Martin, 1981). These cells can be readily maintained and expanded as an undifferentiated pure cell population in vitro. Moreover, they can different ...
Nitrogen deficiency inhibits leaf blade growth in Lolium
... because of differences in nitrogen status and not in plant size (Kavanová et al. 2006b). The selected tillers of low- and high-nitrogen plants thus did not differ in size: the sheath of the youngest fully expanded leaf had similar length in both treatments (82 ⫾ 2 mm SE), and the tillers held a simi ...
... because of differences in nitrogen status and not in plant size (Kavanová et al. 2006b). The selected tillers of low- and high-nitrogen plants thus did not differ in size: the sheath of the youngest fully expanded leaf had similar length in both treatments (82 ⫾ 2 mm SE), and the tillers held a simi ...
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... have provided new avenues for probing the composition of these CPG networks. An important thematic that has emerged has been the role that genetically driven developmental programs play in directing neuronal specification and differentiation in the hindbrain and spinal cord. Significant progress has ...
... have provided new avenues for probing the composition of these CPG networks. An important thematic that has emerged has been the role that genetically driven developmental programs play in directing neuronal specification and differentiation in the hindbrain and spinal cord. Significant progress has ...
Cellular Force Microscopy for in Vivo
... wall was essentially compressed over a submicrometric volume, measuring the elastic modulus in the direction normal to its surface, as opposed to wall elasticity in the surface plane (Milani et al., 2011). Given the composite structure of the cell wall (Baskin, 2005; Cosgrove, 2005; Thompson, 2005; ...
... wall was essentially compressed over a submicrometric volume, measuring the elastic modulus in the direction normal to its surface, as opposed to wall elasticity in the surface plane (Milani et al., 2011). Given the composite structure of the cell wall (Baskin, 2005; Cosgrove, 2005; Thompson, 2005; ...
Journal of Plant Growth Regulation
... the biotic world was classified into two main divisions, plants and animals, on the basis of the conspicuous differences in their anatomy, morphology, behavior, and ecology. In the twentieth century, with ever increasingly sophisticated tools of analysis, cellular-level similarities between these tw ...
... the biotic world was classified into two main divisions, plants and animals, on the basis of the conspicuous differences in their anatomy, morphology, behavior, and ecology. In the twentieth century, with ever increasingly sophisticated tools of analysis, cellular-level similarities between these tw ...
Mode Suppressed TEM Cell Design For High Frequency IC
... can also propagate in the TEM cell above their cut-off frequencies [2-5]. The frequency bandwidth of a TEM cell is limited by the resonances of higher order TE modes and TM modes. In order to increase the bandwidth of a TEM cell which is used in IC radiation measurement, the resonances of higher ord ...
... can also propagate in the TEM cell above their cut-off frequencies [2-5]. The frequency bandwidth of a TEM cell is limited by the resonances of higher order TE modes and TM modes. In order to increase the bandwidth of a TEM cell which is used in IC radiation measurement, the resonances of higher ord ...
Physcomitrella Cyclin-Dependent Kinase A Links
... partner (DP) cell cycle regulators, resulting in the transition from G1 to S phase, with activation of S-phase genes (Inzé and De Veylder, 2006). In addition to the reentry into the cell cycle, other cellular characteristics, including gene expression patterns and consequent cellular morphology and ...
... partner (DP) cell cycle regulators, resulting in the transition from G1 to S phase, with activation of S-phase genes (Inzé and De Veylder, 2006). In addition to the reentry into the cell cycle, other cellular characteristics, including gene expression patterns and consequent cellular morphology and ...
Androgens Down-Regulate bcl-2 Protooncogene Expression in ZR
... conditions in vitro (11–19) as well as in vivo in nude mice (20). Other in vitro studies have shown that androgens can regulate the secretion of glycoproteins such as GCDFP-15 (12) and apolipoprotein D (18) as well as the expression of the estrogen receptor (13), but little is known regarding the me ...
... conditions in vitro (11–19) as well as in vivo in nude mice (20). Other in vitro studies have shown that androgens can regulate the secretion of glycoproteins such as GCDFP-15 (12) and apolipoprotein D (18) as well as the expression of the estrogen receptor (13), but little is known regarding the me ...
Parts of the Cell In
... Plasma Membrane = a flexible boundary that is selectively permeability. It helps to maintain homeostasis. plants, bacteria, and fungus have an additional boundary--the cell wall ...
... Plasma Membrane = a flexible boundary that is selectively permeability. It helps to maintain homeostasis. plants, bacteria, and fungus have an additional boundary--the cell wall ...
γ-Tubulin Is Essential for Microtubule Organization and
... parameters (e.g., local tubulin concentrations) may differ markedly from in vivo conditions, these results provide direct evidence of the involvement of g-tubulin in nucleation of cortical microtubules. Whether, quantitatively speaking, this process represents a major mechanism in vivo still needs t ...
... parameters (e.g., local tubulin concentrations) may differ markedly from in vivo conditions, these results provide direct evidence of the involvement of g-tubulin in nucleation of cortical microtubules. Whether, quantitatively speaking, this process represents a major mechanism in vivo still needs t ...
Exine dehiscing induces rape microspore polarity
... a series of extrinsic and intrinsic cues through a signalling cascade leading to the specific intracellular localization of macromolecular complexes along the axis (Xu and Scheres, 2005; Bothwell et al., 2008). The generation of such cellular asymmetry not only affects the subsequent development of ...
... a series of extrinsic and intrinsic cues through a signalling cascade leading to the specific intracellular localization of macromolecular complexes along the axis (Xu and Scheres, 2005; Bothwell et al., 2008). The generation of such cellular asymmetry not only affects the subsequent development of ...
Epithelial repair is a two-stage process driven first by dying cells and
... releasing the apical parts into the lumen (Bird et al., 2010). In cultured epithelial monolayers, dying cells can be extruded from the epithelium either apically (Rosenblatt et al., 2001) or basally (Slattum et al., 2009), and the latter has been suggested to be a possible cause of cancer progressio ...
... releasing the apical parts into the lumen (Bird et al., 2010). In cultured epithelial monolayers, dying cells can be extruded from the epithelium either apically (Rosenblatt et al., 2001) or basally (Slattum et al., 2009), and the latter has been suggested to be a possible cause of cancer progressio ...
Microtubules and the Evolution of Mitosis
... evolution of more efficient mechanisms of segregation and, thus, for the evolution of mitosis. Moreover, generating a specialized chromosome-containing compartment and creating a specific environment favorable for replication and transcription, would be advantageous in such a multi-chromosome constell ...
... evolution of more efficient mechanisms of segregation and, thus, for the evolution of mitosis. Moreover, generating a specialized chromosome-containing compartment and creating a specific environment favorable for replication and transcription, would be advantageous in such a multi-chromosome constell ...
Molecular regulation of the diatom cell cycle
... iron requirement and acquisition pathways and by the use of ferritin to maintain internal iron storage (Allen et al., 2008; Marchetti et al., 2009). A general strategy in eukaryotes to couple nutrient sensing to cell division occurs through the TOR (target of rapamycin) signalling pathway or through ...
... iron requirement and acquisition pathways and by the use of ferritin to maintain internal iron storage (Allen et al., 2008; Marchetti et al., 2009). A general strategy in eukaryotes to couple nutrient sensing to cell division occurs through the TOR (target of rapamycin) signalling pathway or through ...
Analysis of Cell Divisions Patterns in the Arabidopsis Shoot Apical
... mittlerer Krümmung (= Minimalfläche) [with constant average curvature (minimal area)]". Since then, other authors have also compared plant tissue to soap foam, often suggesting that since the outcome is qualitatively similar, plant cells and soap bubbles may share a common underlying mechanism[5, 6, ...
... mittlerer Krümmung (= Minimalfläche) [with constant average curvature (minimal area)]". Since then, other authors have also compared plant tissue to soap foam, often suggesting that since the outcome is qualitatively similar, plant cells and soap bubbles may share a common underlying mechanism[5, 6, ...
T Cells + Memory CD8 Influenza A Virus
... cells have a higher avidity TCR-peptide-MHC interaction when compared with their CD8⫹DbNP366 counterparts (13). This interaction is characterized by a slower tetramer dissociation rate and less dependence on the CD8 coreceptor for IFN-␥ production. Furthermore, the CD8⫹DbPA224 set produces signific ...
... cells have a higher avidity TCR-peptide-MHC interaction when compared with their CD8⫹DbNP366 counterparts (13). This interaction is characterized by a slower tetramer dissociation rate and less dependence on the CD8 coreceptor for IFN-␥ production. Furthermore, the CD8⫹DbPA224 set produces signific ...
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... Despite the clear advantages of using Drosophila in cell-plasticity studies, the cellular mechanisms driving the recovery of normal organ size and shape are still poorly understood. Two different scenarios can be predicted for disc regeneration. The first considers that regeneration involves a gener ...
... Despite the clear advantages of using Drosophila in cell-plasticity studies, the cellular mechanisms driving the recovery of normal organ size and shape are still poorly understood. Two different scenarios can be predicted for disc regeneration. The first considers that regeneration involves a gener ...
Autophagy in the Eukaryotic Cell - CiteSeerX
... pathways. Modulation of this system is accomplished in part through phosphorylation or dephosphorylation reactions and through interactions with factors specific for macroautophagy or for the Cvt pathway (45, 53, 100). However, this general scenario is complicated by the fact that other protein kina ...
... pathways. Modulation of this system is accomplished in part through phosphorylation or dephosphorylation reactions and through interactions with factors specific for macroautophagy or for the Cvt pathway (45, 53, 100). However, this general scenario is complicated by the fact that other protein kina ...
Genetic and Molecular Mechanisms Controlling Reactive
... In the present work, the regulation and mechanisms of cellular responses, such as cell death and signalling of systemic acquired acclimation (SAA), in response to environmentally induced oxidative stress in Arabidopsis are characterized. We used the lesion simulating disease1 (lsd1) mutant as a gene ...
... In the present work, the regulation and mechanisms of cellular responses, such as cell death and signalling of systemic acquired acclimation (SAA), in response to environmentally induced oxidative stress in Arabidopsis are characterized. We used the lesion simulating disease1 (lsd1) mutant as a gene ...
Programmed cell death
Programmed cell-death (or PCD) is death of a cell in any form, mediated by an intracellular program. PCD is carried out in a regulated process, which usually confers advantage during an organism's life-cycle. For example, the differentiation of fingers and toes in a developing human embryo occurs because cells between the fingers apoptose; the result is that the digits are separate. PCD serves fundamental functions during both plant and metazoa (multicellular animals) tissue development.Apoptosis and autophagy are both forms of programmed cell death, but necrosis is a non-physiological process that occurs as a result of infection or injury.Necrosis is the death of a cell caused by external factors such as trauma or infection and occurs in several different forms. Recently a form of programmed necrosis, called necroptosis, has been recognized as an alternate form of programmed cell death. It is hypothesized that necroptosis can serve as a cell-death backup to apoptosis when the apoptosis signaling is blocked by endogenous or exogenous factors such as viruses or mutations.