Forage digestibility: the intersection of cell wall lignification and plant
... for plants to grow upright in terrestrial habits and serve many other important functions, such as being a barrier to attack by pathogens and insects. While all cell walls share some basic chemical characteristics, striking differences exist among plant tissues in cell wall concentration, compositio ...
... for plants to grow upright in terrestrial habits and serve many other important functions, such as being a barrier to attack by pathogens and insects. While all cell walls share some basic chemical characteristics, striking differences exist among plant tissues in cell wall concentration, compositio ...
Biosynthesis and properties of the plant cell wall Wolf
... XYLEM2 (IRX2) ([23,24•,25], S Turner, personal communication). This protein is primarily localized to the cell plate [26] but has also been found in plasma-membrane fractions [23]. Mutations in the KOR1 gene cause a decrease in cellulose formation [24•,25], which is partly compensated for by an incr ...
... XYLEM2 (IRX2) ([23,24•,25], S Turner, personal communication). This protein is primarily localized to the cell plate [26] but has also been found in plasma-membrane fractions [23]. Mutations in the KOR1 gene cause a decrease in cellulose formation [24•,25], which is partly compensated for by an incr ...
Large-scale histological analysis of leaf mutants using two simple
... of cell size, shape (length, width and perimeter) and density, and stomatal density. This method can also be used to observe the epidermis of other organs, such as petioles (Figure 1b) and petals (Figure 1c). Because petal cells are conical in shape, they are quite difficult to observe under a micro ...
... of cell size, shape (length, width and perimeter) and density, and stomatal density. This method can also be used to observe the epidermis of other organs, such as petioles (Figure 1b) and petals (Figure 1c). Because petal cells are conical in shape, they are quite difficult to observe under a micro ...
Deciphering Transcriptional Regulatory Elements that Encode
... The eukaryotic cell cycle is driven by a periodic, tightly controlled network of accumulation and destruction of key regulators and effectors. Precise coordination of cell cycle processes of DNA replication and chromosome segregation is required to ensure that daughter cells receive the requisite co ...
... The eukaryotic cell cycle is driven by a periodic, tightly controlled network of accumulation and destruction of key regulators and effectors. Precise coordination of cell cycle processes of DNA replication and chromosome segregation is required to ensure that daughter cells receive the requisite co ...
Cell Cycle - CiteSeerX
... The eukaryotic cell cycle is driven by a periodic, tightly controlled network of accumulation and destruction of key regulators and effectors. Precise coordination of cell cycle processes of DNA replication and chromosome segregation is required to ensure that daughter cells receive the requisite co ...
... The eukaryotic cell cycle is driven by a periodic, tightly controlled network of accumulation and destruction of key regulators and effectors. Precise coordination of cell cycle processes of DNA replication and chromosome segregation is required to ensure that daughter cells receive the requisite co ...
Genome-wide gene expression in uro mutant
... the uro hypocotyl is severely blocked, resulting in reduced numbers of vascular cells and much less accumulated lignin in the secondary cell walls of both hypocotyl and stem. Cellulose is known to be another important composition in forming secondary cell walls. In addition to lignin, cellulose cont ...
... the uro hypocotyl is severely blocked, resulting in reduced numbers of vascular cells and much less accumulated lignin in the secondary cell walls of both hypocotyl and stem. Cellulose is known to be another important composition in forming secondary cell walls. In addition to lignin, cellulose cont ...
Sensitizing B Cells for TLR2 Ligands Cell
... recognized by the nucleotide oligomerization domain (Nod) receptors meso-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic acid (Nod1) and muramyl dipeptide (Nod2). These cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptors are involved in the innate immune recognition of bacteria (26 –31). Additionally, most peptidoglycan prepa ...
... recognized by the nucleotide oligomerization domain (Nod) receptors meso-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic acid (Nod1) and muramyl dipeptide (Nod2). These cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptors are involved in the innate immune recognition of bacteria (26 –31). Additionally, most peptidoglycan prepa ...
reviews
... by the epiblast, nodal maintains the pool of trophoblast progenitors25. In turn, signals from the ExE tissue, including BMPs, are required to pattern the proximal epiblast and the adjacent VE. Physical removal of the extraembryonic region of the E5.5 embryo results in expansion of DVE markers throug ...
... by the epiblast, nodal maintains the pool of trophoblast progenitors25. In turn, signals from the ExE tissue, including BMPs, are required to pattern the proximal epiblast and the adjacent VE. Physical removal of the extraembryonic region of the E5.5 embryo results in expansion of DVE markers throug ...
Corresponding author: Dr. A. Lacey Samuels
... breakdown products were consistently shown to be radioactive, indicating incorporation of 3H-phenylalanine into the lignin polymer (Supplemental Figure 1). To investigate the nature of the soluble metabolites that were labeled during the four hour incubation with 3H-phenylalanine, methanol soluble p ...
... breakdown products were consistently shown to be radioactive, indicating incorporation of 3H-phenylalanine into the lignin polymer (Supplemental Figure 1). To investigate the nature of the soluble metabolites that were labeled during the four hour incubation with 3H-phenylalanine, methanol soluble p ...
PDF
... composition, and development of moss cell walls can contribute to our understanding of not only the evolution of overall cell wall complexity, but also the differences that have evolved in response to selection for different survival strategies. The model moss species Physcomitrella patens has a pre ...
... composition, and development of moss cell walls can contribute to our understanding of not only the evolution of overall cell wall complexity, but also the differences that have evolved in response to selection for different survival strategies. The model moss species Physcomitrella patens has a pre ...
Digging for the roots of amoeboid motility
... Even deeper insight can be obtained from phylogenetic studies of cell biological processes: It has become clear that suites of proteins involved in a particular structure or function are often maintained or lost in tandem. These observations can define the proteins involved in particular cellular fu ...
... Even deeper insight can be obtained from phylogenetic studies of cell biological processes: It has become clear that suites of proteins involved in a particular structure or function are often maintained or lost in tandem. These observations can define the proteins involved in particular cellular fu ...
DLG5 in Cell Polarity Maintenance and Cancer Development
... function of coiled-coil domains. Additionally, PDZ3-PDZ4 and SH3-GUK domains of DLG5 also have self-association potential and can bind to the N-terminus of DL5 [22]. The characteristics of the coiled coil, PDZ3-PDZ4 and SH3-GUK domains suggest that DLG5 can self-associate and form a large protein co ...
... function of coiled-coil domains. Additionally, PDZ3-PDZ4 and SH3-GUK domains of DLG5 also have self-association potential and can bind to the N-terminus of DL5 [22]. The characteristics of the coiled coil, PDZ3-PDZ4 and SH3-GUK domains suggest that DLG5 can self-associate and form a large protein co ...
PDF
... single symmetric division and cell fate transition to form a pair of GCs, the terminal cells in the lineage. The fate of the SLGCs produced in the entry and amplifying divisions is complex; they may differentiate into pavement cells (interdigitated cells that provide the waterproof covering of plant ...
... single symmetric division and cell fate transition to form a pair of GCs, the terminal cells in the lineage. The fate of the SLGCs produced in the entry and amplifying divisions is complex; they may differentiate into pavement cells (interdigitated cells that provide the waterproof covering of plant ...
Stomatal development - The Company of Biologists
... single symmetric division and cell fate transition to form a pair of GCs, the terminal cells in the lineage. The fate of the SLGCs produced in the entry and amplifying divisions is complex; they may differentiate into pavement cells (interdigitated cells that provide the waterproof covering of plant ...
... single symmetric division and cell fate transition to form a pair of GCs, the terminal cells in the lineage. The fate of the SLGCs produced in the entry and amplifying divisions is complex; they may differentiate into pavement cells (interdigitated cells that provide the waterproof covering of plant ...
Augmin Plays a Critical Role in Organizing the
... to interact via the WD40 repeat protein NEDD1/GCP-WD (Zhu et al., 2008; Uehara et al., 2009). Among the eight subunits of the augmin complex, fly dim g-tubulin 4 (Dgt4) and human augminlike complex, subunit 8 (HAUS8)/HICE1 are MT-associated proteins (MAPs) and are likely responsible for establishing ...
... to interact via the WD40 repeat protein NEDD1/GCP-WD (Zhu et al., 2008; Uehara et al., 2009). Among the eight subunits of the augmin complex, fly dim g-tubulin 4 (Dgt4) and human augminlike complex, subunit 8 (HAUS8)/HICE1 are MT-associated proteins (MAPs) and are likely responsible for establishing ...
Arabidopsis ORGAN SIZE RELATED1 regulates organ growth and
... organ size, as does ARGOS, we generated transgenic 35SOSR1 plants and examined their organ development. Compared with control lines, which contained an empty vector, all of 20 independently transgenic lines overexpressing OSR1 displayed visibly enlarged aerial organs, including leaves, cotyledons, a ...
... organ size, as does ARGOS, we generated transgenic 35SOSR1 plants and examined their organ development. Compared with control lines, which contained an empty vector, all of 20 independently transgenic lines overexpressing OSR1 displayed visibly enlarged aerial organs, including leaves, cotyledons, a ...
CD95 ligation and intracellular membrane flow
... field of research on the interplay between death receptor engagement and intracellular membrane flow. Clearly, the consequences of CD95 receptor ligation are much more complex than previously thought, and it appears that multiple amplification loops become activated very early in response to CD95 li ...
... field of research on the interplay between death receptor engagement and intracellular membrane flow. Clearly, the consequences of CD95 receptor ligation are much more complex than previously thought, and it appears that multiple amplification loops become activated very early in response to CD95 li ...
Cell cycle progression in response to oxygen levels | SpringerLink
... but p53 independent. In addition, loss of HIF1α leads to progression of cells into S phase and a loss of the induction of p21 and p27 [65]. In this way, it is proposed that the expression of p27 is dependent on HIF1α. Conversely, additional studies have shown that p27 is regulated independent of HIF ...
... but p53 independent. In addition, loss of HIF1α leads to progression of cells into S phase and a loss of the induction of p21 and p27 [65]. In this way, it is proposed that the expression of p27 is dependent on HIF1α. Conversely, additional studies have shown that p27 is regulated independent of HIF ...
Intercellular signalling and the multiplication of prokaryotes
... Of course any substance produced by cells in the culture supernatants may have growthaffecting properties, those of CO 2 being well known (Dixon & Kell, 1989). Notwithstanding the long history of the inoculumdependent lag phase, however, little is known about the nature of the secreted substanc ...
... Of course any substance produced by cells in the culture supernatants may have growthaffecting properties, those of CO 2 being well known (Dixon & Kell, 1989). Notwithstanding the long history of the inoculumdependent lag phase, however, little is known about the nature of the secreted substanc ...
Animal and Plant Cell Culture: An Introduction
... be integrated within learning and teaching. For both Outcomes 1 and 2 it is recommended that the principles of the type of cell culture and the growth requirements are covered prior to teaching how each type of cell culture is applied. These lessons are most likely to be lecturer led presentations f ...
... be integrated within learning and teaching. For both Outcomes 1 and 2 it is recommended that the principles of the type of cell culture and the growth requirements are covered prior to teaching how each type of cell culture is applied. These lessons are most likely to be lecturer led presentations f ...
Parenchyma cells
... Parenchyma – Ground tissue Parenchyma cells contain a nucleus and retain the ability for future cell division. When they are first formed, they are densely cytoplasmic and have several small vacuoles. As the cells enlarge, the vacuole size increases and intercellular spaces can form between cell wal ...
... Parenchyma – Ground tissue Parenchyma cells contain a nucleus and retain the ability for future cell division. When they are first formed, they are densely cytoplasmic and have several small vacuoles. As the cells enlarge, the vacuole size increases and intercellular spaces can form between cell wal ...
Dynamics of Phragmoplastin in Living Cells during
... This structure apparently arises by extending a tube from one vesicle to another and fusing the vesicles to form the tubulovesicular network (WN) of the early cell plate (Samuels et al., 1995). This structure has never been observed during secretion or other exocytic events, indicating a unique proc ...
... This structure apparently arises by extending a tube from one vesicle to another and fusing the vesicles to form the tubulovesicular network (WN) of the early cell plate (Samuels et al., 1995). This structure has never been observed during secretion or other exocytic events, indicating a unique proc ...
Exploring Bioinorganic Pattern Formation in Diatoms. A Story of
... from a shapeless inorganic substrate. Although it has been proposed that much of the early biomineralization process can proceed via physico-chemical space filling of silica (Gordon and Drum, 1994), this is certainly not sufficient to explain the exquisite species-specific designs that are ultimatel ...
... from a shapeless inorganic substrate. Although it has been proposed that much of the early biomineralization process can proceed via physico-chemical space filling of silica (Gordon and Drum, 1994), this is certainly not sufficient to explain the exquisite species-specific designs that are ultimatel ...
MECHANISMS OF PATTERN FORMATION IN PLANT
... of the zygote, which are precisely controlled in many organisms, give rise to a population of cells, different from one another and from their progenitors, that will form the body plan of the embryo. The process by which cells are specified in three dimensions has been termed pattern formation. Mech ...
... of the zygote, which are precisely controlled in many organisms, give rise to a population of cells, different from one another and from their progenitors, that will form the body plan of the embryo. The process by which cells are specified in three dimensions has been termed pattern formation. Mech ...
THE PLANT CELL CYCLE Walter Dewitte and James A.H. Murray
... No crystal structure of a plant CDK has been reported, but all eukaryotic CDKs share substantial structural similarity, characterized by a bilobal structure. The catalytic cleft, with ATP- and substrate-binding sites, lies between the N-terminal and C-terminal lobes, and cyclin binding stabilizes th ...
... No crystal structure of a plant CDK has been reported, but all eukaryotic CDKs share substantial structural similarity, characterized by a bilobal structure. The catalytic cleft, with ATP- and substrate-binding sites, lies between the N-terminal and C-terminal lobes, and cyclin binding stabilizes th ...
Programmed cell death
Programmed cell-death (or PCD) is death of a cell in any form, mediated by an intracellular program. PCD is carried out in a regulated process, which usually confers advantage during an organism's life-cycle. For example, the differentiation of fingers and toes in a developing human embryo occurs because cells between the fingers apoptose; the result is that the digits are separate. PCD serves fundamental functions during both plant and metazoa (multicellular animals) tissue development.Apoptosis and autophagy are both forms of programmed cell death, but necrosis is a non-physiological process that occurs as a result of infection or injury.Necrosis is the death of a cell caused by external factors such as trauma or infection and occurs in several different forms. Recently a form of programmed necrosis, called necroptosis, has been recognized as an alternate form of programmed cell death. It is hypothesized that necroptosis can serve as a cell-death backup to apoptosis when the apoptosis signaling is blocked by endogenous or exogenous factors such as viruses or mutations.