Cytokinesis in Tobacco BY-2 and Root Tip Cells: A
... Cells in telophase were suspended in a nonpenetrating cryoprotectant, 25% dextran (39,000 mol wt; wt/vol prepared in medium), and concentrated on a 30-/.tm nylon mesh. For high pressure freezing, an aliquot of cell slurry was transferred to gold sample holders that had been dipped in 100 mg/ml lecit ...
... Cells in telophase were suspended in a nonpenetrating cryoprotectant, 25% dextran (39,000 mol wt; wt/vol prepared in medium), and concentrated on a 30-/.tm nylon mesh. For high pressure freezing, an aliquot of cell slurry was transferred to gold sample holders that had been dipped in 100 mg/ml lecit ...
Notochord morphogenesis in Xenopus laevis
... allows for cell protrusion into interstitial spaces created by adjacent cell retraction, and is used when contact inhibition of protrusion is incorporated into the simulations. When activated, a cortical protrusion extends outward to fill the available interstitial space between cells. Upon contacti ...
... allows for cell protrusion into interstitial spaces created by adjacent cell retraction, and is used when contact inhibition of protrusion is incorporated into the simulations. When activated, a cortical protrusion extends outward to fill the available interstitial space between cells. Upon contacti ...
Article Title Authors Author affiliation Correspondence information
... linked to the molecular events involved in autophagy regulation. This review will focus on recent ...
... linked to the molecular events involved in autophagy regulation. This review will focus on recent ...
Microtechnologies for Cell Microenvironment Control and
... the ECM, and fluidic cues. All of them strongly affect cell proliferation and differentiation. However, of the ECM, and fluidic cues. All of them strongly affect cell proliferation and differentiation. despite this distinction, each factor cannot be considered independently, as all affect cell behav ...
... the ECM, and fluidic cues. All of them strongly affect cell proliferation and differentiation. However, of the ECM, and fluidic cues. All of them strongly affect cell proliferation and differentiation. despite this distinction, each factor cannot be considered independently, as all affect cell behav ...
Mitochondria as signaling organelles R E V I E W Open Access
... mitochondria have historically been viewed as bioenergetic and biosynthetic organelles; however, mitochondrial genetics has demonstrated that alterations in proteins that have similar effects on TCA cycle and ETC activity often yield divergent phenotypes, suggesting that mitochondrial perturbation m ...
... mitochondria have historically been viewed as bioenergetic and biosynthetic organelles; however, mitochondrial genetics has demonstrated that alterations in proteins that have similar effects on TCA cycle and ETC activity often yield divergent phenotypes, suggesting that mitochondrial perturbation m ...
Transcriptional regulation of mammalian autophagy at a glance
... referred to as p53) has been described to inhibit mTORC1 and thus to activate autophagy, several studies have shown that cytoplasmic p53 is a potent inhibitor of autophagy. The mechanisms for this inhibition are largely unknown (Green and Kroemer, 2009); however, post-transcriptional downregulation ...
... referred to as p53) has been described to inhibit mTORC1 and thus to activate autophagy, several studies have shown that cytoplasmic p53 is a potent inhibitor of autophagy. The mechanisms for this inhibition are largely unknown (Green and Kroemer, 2009); however, post-transcriptional downregulation ...
Intracellular Triggering of Fas Aggregation and Recruitment of
... which ET-18-OCH3 is selectively incorporated into tumor cell membrane rafts promoting their clustering as well as translocation of Fas and downstream signaling molecules into clustered rafts in a SMase-independent manner. ET18-OCH3–mediated apoptosis was dependent on intracellular activation of Fas, ...
... which ET-18-OCH3 is selectively incorporated into tumor cell membrane rafts promoting their clustering as well as translocation of Fas and downstream signaling molecules into clustered rafts in a SMase-independent manner. ET18-OCH3–mediated apoptosis was dependent on intracellular activation of Fas, ...
The chromosome partitioning protein, ParB, is required for
... B. Quantitative representation of the immunoblot data shown in A. ParA levels are represented by circles. ParB levels are represented by squares. C. DAPI staining (left and right panels) and FtsZ immunofluorescence (right panels) in ParB-depleted cells. All panels are combined phase and fluorescence ...
... B. Quantitative representation of the immunoblot data shown in A. ParA levels are represented by circles. ParB levels are represented by squares. C. DAPI staining (left and right panels) and FtsZ immunofluorescence (right panels) in ParB-depleted cells. All panels are combined phase and fluorescence ...
Perturbation of - Circulation Research
... appears to be critical for the disassembly and thereby the dynamics of CRLs.21,22 The removal of Nedd8 from cullin through a process known as deneddylation is carried out by the COP9 (constitutive photomorphogenesis mutant 9) signalosome (CSN),23 which is an evolutionarily highly conserved multiprot ...
... appears to be critical for the disassembly and thereby the dynamics of CRLs.21,22 The removal of Nedd8 from cullin through a process known as deneddylation is carried out by the COP9 (constitutive photomorphogenesis mutant 9) signalosome (CSN),23 which is an evolutionarily highly conserved multiprot ...
Fc Macrophages via the ERK Pathway Receptor Cross-linking Stimulates Cell Proliferation of *
... the activity of cyclin-CDK2 or -CDK4 complexes, and thus functions as a regulator of cell proliferation at G1. Historically, macrophages have played a significant role in the discovery of the mechanism of mammalian cell cycle control (21). Cyclin D1 and CDK4, two key components of G1 phase control w ...
... the activity of cyclin-CDK2 or -CDK4 complexes, and thus functions as a regulator of cell proliferation at G1. Historically, macrophages have played a significant role in the discovery of the mechanism of mammalian cell cycle control (21). Cyclin D1 and CDK4, two key components of G1 phase control w ...
Determination of Symmetric and Asymmetric Division Planes in
... cell shape and generate daughters with distinct sizes, shapes, and/or developmental fates. For example, asymmetric cell divisions in root meristems follow a stereotyped pattern that establishes distinct cell layers with different identities and functions (1). Thus, understanding mechanisms governing ...
... cell shape and generate daughters with distinct sizes, shapes, and/or developmental fates. For example, asymmetric cell divisions in root meristems follow a stereotyped pattern that establishes distinct cell layers with different identities and functions (1). Thus, understanding mechanisms governing ...
Nitric Oxide Acts as an Antioxidant and Delays Programmed Cell
... the hypersensitive response and programmed cell death (PCD; Delledonne et al., 1998). In potato (Solanum tuberosum) leaves infected by the pathogen Phytophthora infestans or treated with ROS-producing herbicides, on the other hand, NO acted as an antioxidant and prevented cell death (Laxalt et al., ...
... the hypersensitive response and programmed cell death (PCD; Delledonne et al., 1998). In potato (Solanum tuberosum) leaves infected by the pathogen Phytophthora infestans or treated with ROS-producing herbicides, on the other hand, NO acted as an antioxidant and prevented cell death (Laxalt et al., ...
Chapter 4 Review Questions
... ____ 33. The organelles associated with photosynthesis are the a. mitochondria. c. Golgi apparatus. b. chloroplasts. d. vacuoles. ____ 34. The organelles in plant cells that contain a green pigment are the a. mitochondria. c. chloroplasts. b. bilayer lipids. d. Golgi apparatus. ____ 35. Plant cells ...
... ____ 33. The organelles associated with photosynthesis are the a. mitochondria. c. Golgi apparatus. b. chloroplasts. d. vacuoles. ____ 34. The organelles in plant cells that contain a green pigment are the a. mitochondria. c. chloroplasts. b. bilayer lipids. d. Golgi apparatus. ____ 35. Plant cells ...
The functions of the cytoskeleton and associated
... thaliana (Azimzadeh et al., 2008). TON1 Recruiting Motif proteins (TRMs) have been recently shown to interact with TON1 in Arabidopsis. One of TRMs (TRM1) is found to bind and recruit TON1 to the cortical MTs (Drevensek et al., 2012). Recently, it has been reported that the activity of a regulatory ...
... thaliana (Azimzadeh et al., 2008). TON1 Recruiting Motif proteins (TRMs) have been recently shown to interact with TON1 in Arabidopsis. One of TRMs (TRM1) is found to bind and recruit TON1 to the cortical MTs (Drevensek et al., 2012). Recently, it has been reported that the activity of a regulatory ...
Emerging regulatory mechanisms in ubiquitin
... genomic material, correct mistakes made by sloppy DNA polymerases, repair damage caused by harsh environments and yet still distribute their chromosomes into identical daughter cells. Errors in this program can be deadly for the cell, or, if they result in transformation, have detrimental effects on ...
... genomic material, correct mistakes made by sloppy DNA polymerases, repair damage caused by harsh environments and yet still distribute their chromosomes into identical daughter cells. Errors in this program can be deadly for the cell, or, if they result in transformation, have detrimental effects on ...
Size evolution in microorganisms masks trade-offs
... moderately richer in nitrogen than other cellular molecules, a similar but weaker trend should hold for nitrogen. For microorganisms, however, variation in cell size may make it difficult to observe such a trade-off. Small organisms may grow faster than large ones (e.g. picoplankton: [29]), possibly ...
... moderately richer in nitrogen than other cellular molecules, a similar but weaker trend should hold for nitrogen. For microorganisms, however, variation in cell size may make it difficult to observe such a trade-off. Small organisms may grow faster than large ones (e.g. picoplankton: [29]), possibly ...
Midbodies and phragmoplasts: analogous structures
... Cytokinesis is an event common to all organisms that involves the precise coordination of independent pathways involved in cell-cycle regulation and microtubule, membrane, actin and organelle dynamics. In animal cells, the spindle midzone/midbody with associated endo-membrane system are required for ...
... Cytokinesis is an event common to all organisms that involves the precise coordination of independent pathways involved in cell-cycle regulation and microtubule, membrane, actin and organelle dynamics. In animal cells, the spindle midzone/midbody with associated endo-membrane system are required for ...
The variability of autophagy and cell death susceptibility
... allows the recruitment and shuttling of ATG proteins that contribute to the generation of the phagophore, the initial sequestering compartment. Next, the ubiquitin-like conjugation systems govern the formation of the ATG12–ATG5 complex as well as LC3–phosphatidylethanolamine, processes that drive me ...
... allows the recruitment and shuttling of ATG proteins that contribute to the generation of the phagophore, the initial sequestering compartment. Next, the ubiquitin-like conjugation systems govern the formation of the ATG12–ATG5 complex as well as LC3–phosphatidylethanolamine, processes that drive me ...
Rapid movement of axonal neurofilaments interrupted by prolonged
... Axonal cytoskeletal and cytosolic proteins are synthesized in the neuronal cell body and transported along axons by slow axonal transport, but attempts to observe this movement directly in living cells have yielded conflicting results. Here we report the direct observation of the axonal transport of ...
... Axonal cytoskeletal and cytosolic proteins are synthesized in the neuronal cell body and transported along axons by slow axonal transport, but attempts to observe this movement directly in living cells have yielded conflicting results. Here we report the direct observation of the axonal transport of ...
analysis of the significance of a periodic, cell size
... Let R' and R'm be the amounts of poly(A)+mRNA in synchronously dividing populations of wild type and wee 1-50 cells; R' and R'm depend on time t, which is measured in cell cycle units (one cycle or mean generation time = i-o cell cycle unit). The degradation of poly(A)+mRNA has been shown to follow ...
... Let R' and R'm be the amounts of poly(A)+mRNA in synchronously dividing populations of wild type and wee 1-50 cells; R' and R'm depend on time t, which is measured in cell cycle units (one cycle or mean generation time = i-o cell cycle unit). The degradation of poly(A)+mRNA has been shown to follow ...
Mutations in Actin-Related Proteins 2 and 3 Affect Cell Shape
... the Arabidopsis ARP2 and ARP3 orthologs, respectively. Our cell biological data from various cell types in these mutants indicate that expansion growth in Arabidopsis requires ARP2/3 complex activity, and its loss results in inefficient fine F-actin formation while leading to enhanced F-actin aggreg ...
... the Arabidopsis ARP2 and ARP3 orthologs, respectively. Our cell biological data from various cell types in these mutants indicate that expansion growth in Arabidopsis requires ARP2/3 complex activity, and its loss results in inefficient fine F-actin formation while leading to enhanced F-actin aggreg ...
Message in a bottle: small signalling peptide
... kinase proteins have been detected (Shiu and Bleecker, 2001), while over 1000 putative small signalling peptide sequences can be recognized (Lease and Walker, 2006). There are several ways to explain this seeming overabundance of putative small signalling peptides. First, as receptors commonly form ...
... kinase proteins have been detected (Shiu and Bleecker, 2001), while over 1000 putative small signalling peptide sequences can be recognized (Lease and Walker, 2006). There are several ways to explain this seeming overabundance of putative small signalling peptides. First, as receptors commonly form ...
plant cell biology in the new millennium: new tools and new
... Confocal microscopy—Confocal microscopy is proving to be one of the most exciting advances in optical microscopy of the last century. Although conventional wide-field epifluorescence microscopy has been a powerful tool for locating specific molecular components of the cell, it suffers from the probl ...
... Confocal microscopy—Confocal microscopy is proving to be one of the most exciting advances in optical microscopy of the last century. Although conventional wide-field epifluorescence microscopy has been a powerful tool for locating specific molecular components of the cell, it suffers from the probl ...
Novel Insights into Vacuole-mediated Control of Plant Growth and
... Novel Insights into Vacuole-mediated Control of Plant Growth and Immunity Abstract Plant vacuoles are organelles with numerous biological functions in growth, development, and stress responses. These include maintenance of turgor pressure, storage of minerals and proteins, and degradation of cellul ...
... Novel Insights into Vacuole-mediated Control of Plant Growth and Immunity Abstract Plant vacuoles are organelles with numerous biological functions in growth, development, and stress responses. These include maintenance of turgor pressure, storage of minerals and proteins, and degradation of cellul ...
Programmed cell death
Programmed cell-death (or PCD) is death of a cell in any form, mediated by an intracellular program. PCD is carried out in a regulated process, which usually confers advantage during an organism's life-cycle. For example, the differentiation of fingers and toes in a developing human embryo occurs because cells between the fingers apoptose; the result is that the digits are separate. PCD serves fundamental functions during both plant and metazoa (multicellular animals) tissue development.Apoptosis and autophagy are both forms of programmed cell death, but necrosis is a non-physiological process that occurs as a result of infection or injury.Necrosis is the death of a cell caused by external factors such as trauma or infection and occurs in several different forms. Recently a form of programmed necrosis, called necroptosis, has been recognized as an alternate form of programmed cell death. It is hypothesized that necroptosis can serve as a cell-death backup to apoptosis when the apoptosis signaling is blocked by endogenous or exogenous factors such as viruses or mutations.