NEW ZEALAND`S GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORY 1990–2014
... There was also a small rise in emissions due to more oil and natural gas production in 2014. These increases were largely offset by decreases in emissions from the electricity sector as the share of electricity production from renewable sources rose from 75 per cent in 2013 to 80 per cent in 2014. T ...
... There was also a small rise in emissions due to more oil and natural gas production in 2014. These increases were largely offset by decreases in emissions from the electricity sector as the share of electricity production from renewable sources rose from 75 per cent in 2013 to 80 per cent in 2014. T ...
Session 2: who is responsible?
... released into the atmosphere as a result of activities by an individual person, an organisation, a community, a country or an event. Explain that every person on our planet has a carbon footprint. However, some people and some countries have larger carbon footprints than others. Ask learners why the ...
... released into the atmosphere as a result of activities by an individual person, an organisation, a community, a country or an event. Explain that every person on our planet has a carbon footprint. However, some people and some countries have larger carbon footprints than others. Ask learners why the ...
CLIMATE AND DEVELOPMENT COUNTRIES
... The actual size of the environmental space depends on the ecological limits that are chosen and the resulting global emissions budget. IPCC has called for a reduction of 60–80 per cent in global emissions in order to stop climate change. Using current global industrial emissions and the present worl ...
... The actual size of the environmental space depends on the ecological limits that are chosen and the resulting global emissions budget. IPCC has called for a reduction of 60–80 per cent in global emissions in order to stop climate change. Using current global industrial emissions and the present worl ...
Three Key Elements of Post-2012 International Climate Policy
... million (ppm) without significant reductions by China and India. The Kyoto Protocol may not be as fair as originally intended, given how dramatically the world has changed since the UNFCCC divided countries into two categories in 1992. Approximately fifty non-Annex I countries now have higher per ca ...
... million (ppm) without significant reductions by China and India. The Kyoto Protocol may not be as fair as originally intended, given how dramatically the world has changed since the UNFCCC divided countries into two categories in 1992. Approximately fifty non-Annex I countries now have higher per ca ...
Combining multiple climate policy instruments: how not to do it - Working Paper 38 (598 kB) (opens in new window)
... When it comes to climate change, governments are apt to think that more policy instruments are better than fewer. Often, multiple policy instruments are considered or introduced in tandem – including carbon taxes, permit trading schemes, technology-specific subsidies and regulatory standards. Occasi ...
... When it comes to climate change, governments are apt to think that more policy instruments are better than fewer. Often, multiple policy instruments are considered or introduced in tandem – including carbon taxes, permit trading schemes, technology-specific subsidies and regulatory standards. Occasi ...
The Fifth Carbon Budget - Call for Evidence Question and Response
... increase its offer, through further emissions reductions domestically or internationally to help secure an ambitious global deal. This could possible imply a step up in ambition to 50% if global conditions are right. There is also some appetite internationally for more ambition from developed countr ...
... increase its offer, through further emissions reductions domestically or internationally to help secure an ambitious global deal. This could possible imply a step up in ambition to 50% if global conditions are right. There is also some appetite internationally for more ambition from developed countr ...
Yes We Can Climate Plan - Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand
... This Green Party discussion paper shows that we can reduce New Zealand’s net annual greenhouse gas emissions to no more than 40 Mt of CO2-equivalent by 2030, even if there was a five year transition period for the farming industry. This is an emissions reduction of at least 40 percent below the 1990 ...
... This Green Party discussion paper shows that we can reduce New Zealand’s net annual greenhouse gas emissions to no more than 40 Mt of CO2-equivalent by 2030, even if there was a five year transition period for the farming industry. This is an emissions reduction of at least 40 percent below the 1990 ...
Revenue Recycling and the Costs of Reducing Carbon Emissions
... markets, caused by regulatory policies, have been termed the tax-interaction effect. For example, a tax on the carbon content of fossil fuels drives up the cost to firms of producing electricity and gasoline, which tends to reduce the overall level of employment in the economy. In addition, this tax ...
... markets, caused by regulatory policies, have been termed the tax-interaction effect. For example, a tax on the carbon content of fossil fuels drives up the cost to firms of producing electricity and gasoline, which tends to reduce the overall level of employment in the economy. In addition, this tax ...
PDF
... (2001). The FAPRI commodity models allow projections of future levels of agricultural activity and the FAPRI GHG model then uses a mix of national and default emissions factors to convert this activity to estimates of annual GHG emissions from now to 2020. The FAPRI-Ireland model is a set of econome ...
... (2001). The FAPRI commodity models allow projections of future levels of agricultural activity and the FAPRI GHG model then uses a mix of national and default emissions factors to convert this activity to estimates of annual GHG emissions from now to 2020. The FAPRI-Ireland model is a set of econome ...
臺灣氣候變遷議題推動成果
... To enhance international exchanges and cooperation, Taiwan held the International Conference on Carbon Capture and Storage on May 19, 2014, which was attended by international CCS experts from a wide range of organizations including the IEA, the Global Carbon Capture and Storage Institute (GCCSI), t ...
... To enhance international exchanges and cooperation, Taiwan held the International Conference on Carbon Capture and Storage on May 19, 2014, which was attended by international CCS experts from a wide range of organizations including the IEA, the Global Carbon Capture and Storage Institute (GCCSI), t ...
A Guide to Kyoto: Climate Change and What it Means to Canadians
... The two companies are hoping their agreement will be a model for a global system of emissions trading under the Kyoto Protocol. Both firms say they benefit from the deal: Suncor is planning to expand its oil sands operations at Fort McMurray, Alta., by 64 percent in the next two years. Even after re ...
... The two companies are hoping their agreement will be a model for a global system of emissions trading under the Kyoto Protocol. Both firms say they benefit from the deal: Suncor is planning to expand its oil sands operations at Fort McMurray, Alta., by 64 percent in the next two years. Even after re ...
Greenhouse Policy Architectures and Institutions
... no government has yet imposed burdensome restrictions on its own citizens in the name of climate change. Moreover, none have shown any serious interest in financing the massive North-South transfers that are likely to be necessary for a globally affordable transformation of the world’s energy system ...
... no government has yet imposed burdensome restrictions on its own citizens in the name of climate change. Moreover, none have shown any serious interest in financing the massive North-South transfers that are likely to be necessary for a globally affordable transformation of the world’s energy system ...
Presentation - 15th TRB National Transportation Planning
... Almost no variation by income, compared with large variation in willingness to pay for travel time savings ...
... Almost no variation by income, compared with large variation in willingness to pay for travel time savings ...
Decision 1/CMP.6 The Cancun Agreements: Outcome of the work of
... Measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to enhance removals resulting from anthropogenic land use, land-use change and forestry activities shall continue to be available to Annex I Parties as a means to reach their quantified emission limitation and reduction objectives, in accordance with d ...
... Measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to enhance removals resulting from anthropogenic land use, land-use change and forestry activities shall continue to be available to Annex I Parties as a means to reach their quantified emission limitation and reduction objectives, in accordance with d ...
2001PWW093 - City of Edmonton
... Pembina Institute for Appropriate Development and the University of Alberta. The Environmental Steering Committee (Senior Management Team) and the Environmental Advisory Committee provided input at strategic times throughout the process. Steps to Implementation The overall approach for achieving ...
... Pembina Institute for Appropriate Development and the University of Alberta. The Environmental Steering Committee (Senior Management Team) and the Environmental Advisory Committee provided input at strategic times throughout the process. Steps to Implementation The overall approach for achieving ...
Perverse incentives under the CDM: a comment - Working Paper 53 (757 kB) (opens in new window)
... and emissions would have been lower without the CDM. This accords with Schneider’s observation that “the amount of HCFC-22 produced in these cases is determined by the CDM rules and not by other factors, such as market demand.” Repetition of the ‘additionality game’ is unlikely to resolve the probl ...
... and emissions would have been lower without the CDM. This accords with Schneider’s observation that “the amount of HCFC-22 produced in these cases is determined by the CDM rules and not by other factors, such as market demand.” Repetition of the ‘additionality game’ is unlikely to resolve the probl ...
History of climate negotiations
... an additional warming of the Earth's surface" unless measures are adopted to limit the emissions of these gases. June 1992: At the Rio Earth Summit, 154 signatories to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) agree to stabilize "greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphe ...
... an additional warming of the Earth's surface" unless measures are adopted to limit the emissions of these gases. June 1992: At the Rio Earth Summit, 154 signatories to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) agree to stabilize "greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphe ...
CAN Europe response to: Consultation on market
... Assembly should "swiftly propose measures in order to ensure that the international developments can be taken into account", and "give particular consideration to the environmental effectiveness of the EU ETS (…), including better alignment of the rules applicable to aviation and stationary installa ...
... Assembly should "swiftly propose measures in order to ensure that the international developments can be taken into account", and "give particular consideration to the environmental effectiveness of the EU ETS (…), including better alignment of the rules applicable to aviation and stationary installa ...
How Australia compares on climate policy
... five million electric vehicles on the road by 2020. China has introduced CO2 emissions standards for cars and is tightening these. The next stage of fuel efficiency standards for heavy vehicles will be implemented in 2019. The government has a target for public transport to make up 30% of motorised ...
... five million electric vehicles on the road by 2020. China has introduced CO2 emissions standards for cars and is tightening these. The next stage of fuel efficiency standards for heavy vehicles will be implemented in 2019. The government has a target for public transport to make up 30% of motorised ...
Carbon Accounting and Management
... • Report consistently across all facilities and locations and compare individual locations • Reduce labour cost of GHG data collection through automatic data gathering • Carbon network optimisation – utilise existing and ongoing assets optimally to reduce GHG emissions and: ...
... • Report consistently across all facilities and locations and compare individual locations • Reduce labour cost of GHG data collection through automatic data gathering • Carbon network optimisation – utilise existing and ongoing assets optimally to reduce GHG emissions and: ...
PDF
... A globally efficient policy requires emissions reductions at a similar marginal cost in all countries, and on all sources of emissions where control policies are practicable. To achieve this efficiency, we (and many others, such as Stern 2006, xviii) contend that climate policy needs to use emission ...
... A globally efficient policy requires emissions reductions at a similar marginal cost in all countries, and on all sources of emissions where control policies are practicable. To achieve this efficiency, we (and many others, such as Stern 2006, xviii) contend that climate policy needs to use emission ...
an australian policy framework - Garnaut Climate Change Review
... effective global agreement being reached as quickly as possible. The rate at which emissions are reduced by Australia in the meantime, and the rates of reduction to which we are now prepared to commit ourselves in the context of an effective global agreement, will be among the most significant polic ...
... effective global agreement being reached as quickly as possible. The rate at which emissions are reduced by Australia in the meantime, and the rates of reduction to which we are now prepared to commit ourselves in the context of an effective global agreement, will be among the most significant polic ...
View/Open
... more efficient technologies and practices’ (AP6 2006, Charter, 2.1.1). Any contributions to funding are voluntary, and there are no commitments to emission targets or timetables. A focus on technology development is in line with a growing recognition that in order to achieve the deep cuts in global ...
... more efficient technologies and practices’ (AP6 2006, Charter, 2.1.1). Any contributions to funding are voluntary, and there are no commitments to emission targets or timetables. A focus on technology development is in line with a growing recognition that in order to achieve the deep cuts in global ...
Reducing Global Carbon: Creating an American Policy
... change, such as extreme weather events, ocean acidification, and other adverse phenomena. Even the Department of Defense has warned of the dangers of climate change, publishing a report modeling climate change scenarios and their impact upon national security. The researchers find that, “[d]isruptio ...
... change, such as extreme weather events, ocean acidification, and other adverse phenomena. Even the Department of Defense has warned of the dangers of climate change, publishing a report modeling climate change scenarios and their impact upon national security. The researchers find that, “[d]isruptio ...
Emissions trading
Emissions trading or cap and trade (""cap"" meaning a legal limit on the quantity of a certain type of chemical an economy can emit each year) is a market-based approach used to control pollution by providing economic incentives for achieving reductions in the emissions of pollutants. Various countries, groups of companies, and states have adopted emission trading systems as one of the strategies for mitigating climate-change by addressing international greenhouse-gas emission.A central authority (usually a governmental body) sets a limit or cap on the amount of a pollutant that may be emitted. The limit or cap is allocated and/or sold by the central authority to firms in the form of emissions permits which represent the right to emit or discharge a specific volume of the specified pollutant. Permits (and possibly also derivatives of permits) can then be traded on secondary markets. For example, the EU ETS trades primarily in European Union Allowances (EUAs), the Californian scheme in California Carbon Allowances, the New Zealand scheme in New Zealand Units and the Australian scheme in Australian Units. Firms are required to hold a number of permits (or allowances or carbon credits) equivalent to their emissions. The total number of permits cannot exceed the cap, limiting total emissions to that level. Firms that need to increase their volume of emissions must buy permits from those who require fewer permits.The transfer of permits is referred to as a ""trade"". In effect, the buyer is paying a charge for polluting, while the seller gains a reward for having reduced emissions. Thus, in theory, those who can reduce emissions most cheaply will do so, achieving the pollution reduction at the lowest cost to society.There are active trading programs in several air pollutants. For greenhouse gases the largest is the European Union Emission Trading Scheme, whose purpose is to avoid dangerous climate change. Cap and trade provides the private sector with the flexibility required to reduce emissions while stimulating technological innovation and economic growth. The United States has a national market to reduce acid rain and several regional markets in nitrogen oxides.