A Cap on Carbon and a Basic Income
... will be passed along in the prices for fuels, and other products further downstream, and the higher prices for carbon will reduce demand and will make alternative energy more competitive. The auction will generate substantial revenue—hundreds of billions of dollars per year.7 While some portion of t ...
... will be passed along in the prices for fuels, and other products further downstream, and the higher prices for carbon will reduce demand and will make alternative energy more competitive. The auction will generate substantial revenue—hundreds of billions of dollars per year.7 While some portion of t ...
Climate Change Policy: Actions and Barriers in New Zealand
... meeting their commitments under the Kyoto Protocol of 1997. It is thus important to understand what factors have affected developed countries’ achievements so far. By investigating the factors likely to promote or hinder climate action in a developed country, this paper will not only consider econom ...
... meeting their commitments under the Kyoto Protocol of 1997. It is thus important to understand what factors have affected developed countries’ achievements so far. By investigating the factors likely to promote or hinder climate action in a developed country, this paper will not only consider econom ...
Beyond the Limits - The Climate Institute
... system needs to be faster and more pronounced. If the world is to get onto a 1.5-2°C pathway over the next 15 years, it is critical that deployment of renewable energy becomes more rapid and other low and zero emission energy supply technologies are deployed. This will also require the retirement of ...
... system needs to be faster and more pronounced. If the world is to get onto a 1.5-2°C pathway over the next 15 years, it is critical that deployment of renewable energy becomes more rapid and other low and zero emission energy supply technologies are deployed. This will also require the retirement of ...
i3437e02
... livestock sector makes efforts aimed at improved environmental performance more challenging, that same fact also offers an opportunity. Investing in efficient production and compensating herders and livestock keepers for environmental service provision, such as water services, biodiversity protectio ...
... livestock sector makes efforts aimed at improved environmental performance more challenging, that same fact also offers an opportunity. Investing in efficient production and compensating herders and livestock keepers for environmental service provision, such as water services, biodiversity protectio ...
A Global Carbon Market? Michael G. Pollitt
... question. One might imagine that it would involve a single type of emissions permit issued by a global authority and a single global monitoring and enforcement authority. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) does issue Certified Emissions Reductions (CERs), which approx ...
... question. One might imagine that it would involve a single type of emissions permit issued by a global authority and a single global monitoring and enforcement authority. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) does issue Certified Emissions Reductions (CERs), which approx ...
Market and Non-market Mechanisms for Promoting Cost
... non-market approaches. Indeed, while the market mechanism is already quite well define both conceptually and substantially…the non-market approaches are a much broader concept with very diverse ideas and have not yet been defined with principles….The non-market approaches are a much broader concept ...
... non-market approaches. Indeed, while the market mechanism is already quite well define both conceptually and substantially…the non-market approaches are a much broader concept with very diverse ideas and have not yet been defined with principles….The non-market approaches are a much broader concept ...
CO2 short - Digging in the Clay
... In either case the calculated achievable values are in the range of few hundredths to a few thousandths of a degree Centigrade. As the margin of error for temperature measurements is about 1⁰C, these miniscule levels the temperature effects for the efforts of the Joining-in nations are marginal, imm ...
... In either case the calculated achievable values are in the range of few hundredths to a few thousandths of a degree Centigrade. As the margin of error for temperature measurements is about 1⁰C, these miniscule levels the temperature effects for the efforts of the Joining-in nations are marginal, imm ...
Dias nummer 1 - Atmospheric Composition Change
... Today – often one national emission factor is used (for several year). ...
... Today – often one national emission factor is used (for several year). ...
México, parte del Protocolo de Kyoto
... divided into “assigned amount units” (AAUs). • Emissions trading allows countries that have emission units to spare - emissions permitted them but not "used" - to sell this excess capacity to countries that are over their targets. ...
... divided into “assigned amount units” (AAUs). • Emissions trading allows countries that have emission units to spare - emissions permitted them but not "used" - to sell this excess capacity to countries that are over their targets. ...
Oilsands and Climate Change
... • The effectiveness of Alberta’s carbon offset program has been grossly overstated, because it contains major loopholes that allow emitters to get credit for emissions reductions that likely would have happened without the policy. • Alberta has committed $2 billion to support large-scale CCS project ...
... • The effectiveness of Alberta’s carbon offset program has been grossly overstated, because it contains major loopholes that allow emitters to get credit for emissions reductions that likely would have happened without the policy. • Alberta has committed $2 billion to support large-scale CCS project ...
Carbon Trading Training for visiting Caribbean Group - Copy
... the reduction of greenhouse gases that are legally binding for Annex I countries, as well as general commitments for all member countries. 2. Implementation. In order to meet the objectives of the Protocol, Annex I countries are required to prepare policies and measures for the reduction of greenhou ...
... the reduction of greenhouse gases that are legally binding for Annex I countries, as well as general commitments for all member countries. 2. Implementation. In order to meet the objectives of the Protocol, Annex I countries are required to prepare policies and measures for the reduction of greenhou ...
The study - WWF
... Australia does not have to stay within the long-term carbon budget through domestic abatement alone. Indeed, Ecofys found that even if emissions were reduced by 4 per cent each year (assumed to be the upper limit of what is currently possible) Australia would still significantly exceed its emission ...
... Australia does not have to stay within the long-term carbon budget through domestic abatement alone. Indeed, Ecofys found that even if emissions were reduced by 4 per cent each year (assumed to be the upper limit of what is currently possible) Australia would still significantly exceed its emission ...
Greenhouse gas emissions: Risks and challenges for
... risk to a company of its greenhouse gas emissions, as a percent of its market capitalisation, can be assessed using the above assessment of greenhouse gas exposure, the company’s P/E and the carbon price. A word of caution While a good measure of the risk, it is worth noting the limitations of the m ...
... risk to a company of its greenhouse gas emissions, as a percent of its market capitalisation, can be assessed using the above assessment of greenhouse gas exposure, the company’s P/E and the carbon price. A word of caution While a good measure of the risk, it is worth noting the limitations of the m ...
Climate change I: Kyoto Protocol preferred policy package
... The package set out below contains the key elements of the Government’s policy response to climate change in order to give Parliament, industry and other stakeholders a clear outline of future policy directions. The development of the policy package was guided by the Government’s principles of ensur ...
... The package set out below contains the key elements of the Government’s policy response to climate change in order to give Parliament, industry and other stakeholders a clear outline of future policy directions. The development of the policy package was guided by the Government’s principles of ensur ...
PDF
... official statistics indicate that there were 688 ha of indoor crops (excluding mushrooms) harvested during the year ending March 2002. Of the harvested area, 38% was used for the three main vegetable crops (tomatoes, cucumber and capsicum), 34% for flower and flower bulb production, and 17% for nurs ...
... official statistics indicate that there were 688 ha of indoor crops (excluding mushrooms) harvested during the year ending March 2002. Of the harvested area, 38% was used for the three main vegetable crops (tomatoes, cucumber and capsicum), 34% for flower and flower bulb production, and 17% for nurs ...
Climate Change: An Agenda for Global Collective Action
... increase the frequency of intense precipitation events, and increase summer mid-latitude continental drying and the associated drought risk. It would also cause the global average sea level to rise by 0.09 to 0.88 meters over this century.9 Uncertainties in Climate Science While the IPCC noted that ...
... increase the frequency of intense precipitation events, and increase summer mid-latitude continental drying and the associated drought risk. It would also cause the global average sea level to rise by 0.09 to 0.88 meters over this century.9 Uncertainties in Climate Science While the IPCC noted that ...
By the Numbers: Canadian GHG Emissions
... target of reducing GHG emissions by 30 percent below 2005 levels by 2030. Following the fall 2015 election, the Liberal Government indicated that it considered the target to be a ‘floor’, suggesting that a consultation process with provinces would be launched to design a credible plan for Canada tha ...
... target of reducing GHG emissions by 30 percent below 2005 levels by 2030. Following the fall 2015 election, the Liberal Government indicated that it considered the target to be a ‘floor’, suggesting that a consultation process with provinces would be launched to design a credible plan for Canada tha ...
PDF
... level that would “prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system” into a numeric concentration that would be achieved at some point in the future.8 A defined concentration level defines a “carbon budget,” that is, the total amount of carbon that may be emitted into the atmosphe ...
... level that would “prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system” into a numeric concentration that would be achieved at some point in the future.8 A defined concentration level defines a “carbon budget,” that is, the total amount of carbon that may be emitted into the atmosphe ...
ISSUE BRIEF 14 mANDATORy REGUlATION OF NONTRADITIONAl GREENHOUSE GASES: POlICy OPTIONS FOR INDUSTRIAl
... could produce big changes in the cost of these chemicals.11 In response, users might shift to alternative materials that generate other health or environmental risks (for example, the use of ammonia as a refrigerant).14 There is also concern that a particularly sudden increase in prices might unnece ...
... could produce big changes in the cost of these chemicals.11 In response, users might shift to alternative materials that generate other health or environmental risks (for example, the use of ammonia as a refrigerant).14 There is also concern that a particularly sudden increase in prices might unnece ...
Outlook 2013 PowerPoint Presentation
... Incorporates 2020 emissions reduction targets G20 nations made at the 2009 UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (i.e. Copenhagen pledges) and further specified in Cancun in 2010, showing how far these pledges take us, and what is at risk if we fail to push beyond these goals. Reports results fo ...
... Incorporates 2020 emissions reduction targets G20 nations made at the 2009 UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (i.e. Copenhagen pledges) and further specified in Cancun in 2010, showing how far these pledges take us, and what is at risk if we fail to push beyond these goals. Reports results fo ...
Cooperation in International Environmental Treaties 1
... coordination in an issue area that could decrease transaction costs, increase information, and punish free-riding (Waltz 1979; Arredondo and Garcia 2011; Meernik and Shairick 2011). States do not care about values and norms, according to realists. Neo-Liberalism: Neo-liberal theory predicts that sta ...
... coordination in an issue area that could decrease transaction costs, increase information, and punish free-riding (Waltz 1979; Arredondo and Garcia 2011; Meernik and Shairick 2011). States do not care about values and norms, according to realists. Neo-Liberalism: Neo-liberal theory predicts that sta ...
Long-term climate goals Decarbonisation, carbon
... If the concepts carbon neutral and climate neutral are to make a useful contribution to climate action as desirable states to be reached, there needs to be a clear, shared understanding of what these terms mean. For the authors, the key attribute of ‘carbon-neutral’ and ‘climate-neutral’ activities ...
... If the concepts carbon neutral and climate neutral are to make a useful contribution to climate action as desirable states to be reached, there needs to be a clear, shared understanding of what these terms mean. For the authors, the key attribute of ‘carbon-neutral’ and ‘climate-neutral’ activities ...
The Economics of Global Climate Change By Jonathan M. Harris and Brian Roach
... Clouds, water vapor, and the natural greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (CO2), methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone allow inbound solar radiation to pass through, but serve as a barrier to outgoing infrared heat. This creates the natural greenhouse effect, which makes the planet suitable for life. Without ...
... Clouds, water vapor, and the natural greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (CO2), methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone allow inbound solar radiation to pass through, but serve as a barrier to outgoing infrared heat. This creates the natural greenhouse effect, which makes the planet suitable for life. Without ...
Greenhouse Gas Reduction: Cap-and-Trade Bills in the 110 Congress
... or TAP). Under the trading program, allowances are allocated according to various categories, including covered entities; eligible facilities, such as coal mines and carbon-intensive industries; states; and sequestration activities. Initially, 24% of all allowances are auctioned, a percentage that i ...
... or TAP). Under the trading program, allowances are allocated according to various categories, including covered entities; eligible facilities, such as coal mines and carbon-intensive industries; states; and sequestration activities. Initially, 24% of all allowances are auctioned, a percentage that i ...
Document
... vehicles that transport passengers to, from, and within airport grounds. According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), aviation activities result in the emission of pollutants that account for less than 1 percent [note: This estimate pertains to aircraft emissions, and it does not include ...
... vehicles that transport passengers to, from, and within airport grounds. According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), aviation activities result in the emission of pollutants that account for less than 1 percent [note: This estimate pertains to aircraft emissions, and it does not include ...
Emissions trading
Emissions trading or cap and trade (""cap"" meaning a legal limit on the quantity of a certain type of chemical an economy can emit each year) is a market-based approach used to control pollution by providing economic incentives for achieving reductions in the emissions of pollutants. Various countries, groups of companies, and states have adopted emission trading systems as one of the strategies for mitigating climate-change by addressing international greenhouse-gas emission.A central authority (usually a governmental body) sets a limit or cap on the amount of a pollutant that may be emitted. The limit or cap is allocated and/or sold by the central authority to firms in the form of emissions permits which represent the right to emit or discharge a specific volume of the specified pollutant. Permits (and possibly also derivatives of permits) can then be traded on secondary markets. For example, the EU ETS trades primarily in European Union Allowances (EUAs), the Californian scheme in California Carbon Allowances, the New Zealand scheme in New Zealand Units and the Australian scheme in Australian Units. Firms are required to hold a number of permits (or allowances or carbon credits) equivalent to their emissions. The total number of permits cannot exceed the cap, limiting total emissions to that level. Firms that need to increase their volume of emissions must buy permits from those who require fewer permits.The transfer of permits is referred to as a ""trade"". In effect, the buyer is paying a charge for polluting, while the seller gains a reward for having reduced emissions. Thus, in theory, those who can reduce emissions most cheaply will do so, achieving the pollution reduction at the lowest cost to society.There are active trading programs in several air pollutants. For greenhouse gases the largest is the European Union Emission Trading Scheme, whose purpose is to avoid dangerous climate change. Cap and trade provides the private sector with the flexibility required to reduce emissions while stimulating technological innovation and economic growth. The United States has a national market to reduce acid rain and several regional markets in nitrogen oxides.