Comment by: Patrick J. Michaels and Paul C. Knappenberger
... environmental impacts of the proposed action in clear terms and with sufficient information to make a reasoned choice” but rather serves to mislead decisionmakers and the public as to the potential environmental impacts and their magnitude. Again, GHG emissions are not “environmental impacts.” CEQ j ...
... environmental impacts of the proposed action in clear terms and with sufficient information to make a reasoned choice” but rather serves to mislead decisionmakers and the public as to the potential environmental impacts and their magnitude. Again, GHG emissions are not “environmental impacts.” CEQ j ...
Papua New Guinea
... waste emission and agricultural emissions the numbers reported in this INDC document do not include these sectors. Emissions from the forestry and agriculture sectors are expected to rise concurrently to national economic growth, as demand increases for forest and agricultural commodities – fuelled ...
... waste emission and agricultural emissions the numbers reported in this INDC document do not include these sectors. Emissions from the forestry and agriculture sectors are expected to rise concurrently to national economic growth, as demand increases for forest and agricultural commodities – fuelled ...
Global Green Policy Insights
... Obama delivered a landmark speech in which he set out the nation’s Climate Action Plan. The following week, the European Union (EU) Parliament narrowly approved the ‘backloading’ proposal which may limit some of the oversupply of carbon permits in the EU emissions trading scheme (ETS). Some suggest ...
... Obama delivered a landmark speech in which he set out the nation’s Climate Action Plan. The following week, the European Union (EU) Parliament narrowly approved the ‘backloading’ proposal which may limit some of the oversupply of carbon permits in the EU emissions trading scheme (ETS). Some suggest ...
Presentation by Rita van Dingenen, joint IES/JRC
... • Local and short term co-benefits for non-annex 1 countries issue in climate negotiations • Kyoto flexible mechanisms: implications location of emission reductions (Climate forcing/AQ)? • Hemispheric transport of pollution • Increasing contribution ship/aviation emissions • Difference with NEC-GP ...
... • Local and short term co-benefits for non-annex 1 countries issue in climate negotiations • Kyoto flexible mechanisms: implications location of emission reductions (Climate forcing/AQ)? • Hemispheric transport of pollution • Increasing contribution ship/aviation emissions • Difference with NEC-GP ...
Oil Shortages, Climate Change and Collective Action
... at unchanged prices would continue to rise. Clearly, scarcity pricing should lead to rising oil prices, until prices are sufficiently high to elicit adequate supplies of unconventional oil, 2 including liquids from gas and coal. USGS (2000) estimates conventional oil reserves in the range 2,000-4,30 ...
... at unchanged prices would continue to rise. Clearly, scarcity pricing should lead to rising oil prices, until prices are sufficiently high to elicit adequate supplies of unconventional oil, 2 including liquids from gas and coal. USGS (2000) estimates conventional oil reserves in the range 2,000-4,30 ...
first carbon neutral zone created in the united states
... ATLANTA (NOVEMBER 14, 2008)— Global climate change is one of the most daunting challenges of the 21st century, but the recent growth and popularity of American ecoconsciousness has created a new sense of urgency to address this problem. Today the green movement took a significant step forward as the ...
... ATLANTA (NOVEMBER 14, 2008)— Global climate change is one of the most daunting challenges of the 21st century, but the recent growth and popularity of American ecoconsciousness has created a new sense of urgency to address this problem. Today the green movement took a significant step forward as the ...
After years of large empty promises among rich countries, the
... The first of these economic impacts is the Protocol’s spillover effects, most importantly through forms of leakage of emission cuts among participating countries. The effect of measures to reduce GHGs in the participating countries should be to lower the world price of oil and coal and raise the wor ...
... The first of these economic impacts is the Protocol’s spillover effects, most importantly through forms of leakage of emission cuts among participating countries. The effect of measures to reduce GHGs in the participating countries should be to lower the world price of oil and coal and raise the wor ...
Three Key Elements of Post-2012 International Climate Policy
... million (ppm) without significant reductions by China and India. The Kyoto Protocol may not be as fair as originally intended, given how dramatically the world has changed since the UNFCCC divided countries into two categories in 1992. Approximately fifty non-Annex I countries now have higher per ca ...
... million (ppm) without significant reductions by China and India. The Kyoto Protocol may not be as fair as originally intended, given how dramatically the world has changed since the UNFCCC divided countries into two categories in 1992. Approximately fifty non-Annex I countries now have higher per ca ...
Constructing Carbon Market Spacetime: Climate change and the
... considerable infrastructure. The primary source of reductions which can offset carbon emissions from regulated facilities is the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). CDM carbon projects must demonstrate that the planned offsets are financially and environmental additional, that they would not occur wi ...
... considerable infrastructure. The primary source of reductions which can offset carbon emissions from regulated facilities is the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). CDM carbon projects must demonstrate that the planned offsets are financially and environmental additional, that they would not occur wi ...
Kate Meyer and David Merry
... could be offset by the emission reductions these would provide. There may be opportunities for mixed use land which combines low density forestry with low density agriculture. With appropriate trees and forestry management, this would have environmental benefits which go above and beyond emission re ...
... could be offset by the emission reductions these would provide. There may be opportunities for mixed use land which combines low density forestry with low density agriculture. With appropriate trees and forestry management, this would have environmental benefits which go above and beyond emission re ...
2013 GHG Inventory
... our social systems. As a result, it is unequivocal that there is a warming of the climate system, including the atmosphere and oceans, and it is consensus that human influence has been the dominant cause of warming since the mid-20th century. We understand, with varying degrees of certainty, that th ...
... our social systems. As a result, it is unequivocal that there is a warming of the climate system, including the atmosphere and oceans, and it is consensus that human influence has been the dominant cause of warming since the mid-20th century. We understand, with varying degrees of certainty, that th ...
Below Zero Carbon Removal and the Climate Challenge
... Twelve commercial-scale CCS sites are operational, and a further nine plan to open by 2015, including the first large-scale bio-CCS facility in Illinois (trialled since 2011).16 Together these plants will store carbon, equivalent to taking 8 million cars off the road. Bio-CCS contributes doubly to e ...
... Twelve commercial-scale CCS sites are operational, and a further nine plan to open by 2015, including the first large-scale bio-CCS facility in Illinois (trialled since 2011).16 Together these plants will store carbon, equivalent to taking 8 million cars off the road. Bio-CCS contributes doubly to e ...
The Path to Carbon Neutrality – CEIBS
... Annex B countries reduce their emissions with a market based mechanism called cap-and-trade emissions trading scheme. The government distributes a certain amount of emission allowances that can be traded between companies. Only with the appropriate amount of allowances companies are allowed to opera ...
... Annex B countries reduce their emissions with a market based mechanism called cap-and-trade emissions trading scheme. The government distributes a certain amount of emission allowances that can be traded between companies. Only with the appropriate amount of allowances companies are allowed to opera ...
O I M
... both voluntary and compliance credits. It is important to note that carbon credits differ from carbon allowances although the term carbon credit is interchangeably used to represent both. Although in most cases they both represent one tonne of carbon dioxide equivalent, allowances do not originate f ...
... both voluntary and compliance credits. It is important to note that carbon credits differ from carbon allowances although the term carbon credit is interchangeably used to represent both. Although in most cases they both represent one tonne of carbon dioxide equivalent, allowances do not originate f ...
The carbon market in 2020: volumes, prices and gains from trade: Working Paper 11 (331 kB) (opens in new window)
... year. The biggest market by far is the EU Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS), which accounts for over 70% of activity. The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), the world’s biggest baseline-and-credit (or offset) market, accounts for around 25%, most of it secondary market transactions. Smaller schemes ...
... year. The biggest market by far is the EU Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS), which accounts for over 70% of activity. The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), the world’s biggest baseline-and-credit (or offset) market, accounts for around 25%, most of it secondary market transactions. Smaller schemes ...
What is the Price of Carbon? Five definitions - SAPIEN.S
... In view of scientific and technological uncertainties and social value issues beyond market economy issues, the determination of a value for avoided CO2 necessarily becomes a political decision. Negotiations on this subject are ongoing at several levels: in the United Nations and the European Commiss ...
... In view of scientific and technological uncertainties and social value issues beyond market economy issues, the determination of a value for avoided CO2 necessarily becomes a political decision. Negotiations on this subject are ongoing at several levels: in the United Nations and the European Commiss ...
BLACKROCK INVESTMENT INSTITUTE
... Changes will not be smooth, linear or cheap. They will likely involve trade-offs with economic growth that may not be palatable. Carbon markets are a case in point. They were introduced to establish a price for the right to emit above a government-set level. Yet governments historically have been ov ...
... Changes will not be smooth, linear or cheap. They will likely involve trade-offs with economic growth that may not be palatable. Carbon markets are a case in point. They were introduced to establish a price for the right to emit above a government-set level. Yet governments historically have been ov ...
Trends in Accounting for Greenhouse Gases
... for individual nations and contained no enforcement provisions thus being legally non-binding until the introduction of the Kyoto Protocol, the only legally binding document on GHGs reduction. As of 2008, the Convention has been ratified by 192 States and the European Community, which makes it one o ...
... for individual nations and contained no enforcement provisions thus being legally non-binding until the introduction of the Kyoto Protocol, the only legally binding document on GHGs reduction. As of 2008, the Convention has been ratified by 192 States and the European Community, which makes it one o ...
Use Green Taxes and Market Instruments to Reduce Greenhouse Gas
... cap and trade system, or a combination of the two. The Conference Board of Canada, working independently from the NRTEE, has reached essentially the same policy conclusions (although in greater detail). We believe that price signals via the tax system, coupled with market forces and efficient regula ...
... cap and trade system, or a combination of the two. The Conference Board of Canada, working independently from the NRTEE, has reached essentially the same policy conclusions (although in greater detail). We believe that price signals via the tax system, coupled with market forces and efficient regula ...
INDCs lower projected warming to 2.7˚C
... Eight submitted INDCs covering 56% of global emissions are rated medium, which is within the upper and least ambitious end of what could be considered as fair. If all countries put forward a similar level of ambition, warming would exceed 2°C. The INDCs submitted by Brazil, China, the EU, Indonesia, ...
... Eight submitted INDCs covering 56% of global emissions are rated medium, which is within the upper and least ambitious end of what could be considered as fair. If all countries put forward a similar level of ambition, warming would exceed 2°C. The INDCs submitted by Brazil, China, the EU, Indonesia, ...
ETC/ACC
... longer-term climate target, but use of the Kyoto mechanisms is still needed • IN SEP, EU’s SD target (1% GHG reduction in 2010-2020) and renewable energy targets are not met -> technology variants (to be developed) ...
... longer-term climate target, but use of the Kyoto mechanisms is still needed • IN SEP, EU’s SD target (1% GHG reduction in 2010-2020) and renewable energy targets are not met -> technology variants (to be developed) ...
The Price of Climate Change
... Changes will not be smooth, linear or cheap. They will likely involve trade-offs with economic growth that may not be palatable. Carbon markets are a case in point. They were introduced to establish a price for the right to emit above a government-set level. Yet governments historically have been ov ...
... Changes will not be smooth, linear or cheap. They will likely involve trade-offs with economic growth that may not be palatable. Carbon markets are a case in point. They were introduced to establish a price for the right to emit above a government-set level. Yet governments historically have been ov ...
Scottish Government specification for CCC advice on the Scottish
... Advice from the Committee on Climate Change on new Scottish Climate Change Bill The Scottish Government has committed to working with the Committee on Climate Change (CCC) to develop a new Climate Change Bill. As part of this process, the Scottish Government requests the following advice from the CC ...
... Advice from the Committee on Climate Change on new Scottish Climate Change Bill The Scottish Government has committed to working with the Committee on Climate Change (CCC) to develop a new Climate Change Bill. As part of this process, the Scottish Government requests the following advice from the CC ...
Emissions trading
Emissions trading or cap and trade (""cap"" meaning a legal limit on the quantity of a certain type of chemical an economy can emit each year) is a market-based approach used to control pollution by providing economic incentives for achieving reductions in the emissions of pollutants. Various countries, groups of companies, and states have adopted emission trading systems as one of the strategies for mitigating climate-change by addressing international greenhouse-gas emission.A central authority (usually a governmental body) sets a limit or cap on the amount of a pollutant that may be emitted. The limit or cap is allocated and/or sold by the central authority to firms in the form of emissions permits which represent the right to emit or discharge a specific volume of the specified pollutant. Permits (and possibly also derivatives of permits) can then be traded on secondary markets. For example, the EU ETS trades primarily in European Union Allowances (EUAs), the Californian scheme in California Carbon Allowances, the New Zealand scheme in New Zealand Units and the Australian scheme in Australian Units. Firms are required to hold a number of permits (or allowances or carbon credits) equivalent to their emissions. The total number of permits cannot exceed the cap, limiting total emissions to that level. Firms that need to increase their volume of emissions must buy permits from those who require fewer permits.The transfer of permits is referred to as a ""trade"". In effect, the buyer is paying a charge for polluting, while the seller gains a reward for having reduced emissions. Thus, in theory, those who can reduce emissions most cheaply will do so, achieving the pollution reduction at the lowest cost to society.There are active trading programs in several air pollutants. For greenhouse gases the largest is the European Union Emission Trading Scheme, whose purpose is to avoid dangerous climate change. Cap and trade provides the private sector with the flexibility required to reduce emissions while stimulating technological innovation and economic growth. The United States has a national market to reduce acid rain and several regional markets in nitrogen oxides.