IEAGHG Information Paper: 2016-IP10; CCAC Annual Science Update 2015 11/04/2016
... room air conditioning could save between 340-790 gigawatts of peak power load globally. This action is also expected to lead to an avoided CO2 emission of up to approximately 98 billion tonnes of CO2 by 2050 (see Section 2.4). Policies for SLCP abatement The following highlights the main message fro ...
... room air conditioning could save between 340-790 gigawatts of peak power load globally. This action is also expected to lead to an avoided CO2 emission of up to approximately 98 billion tonnes of CO2 by 2050 (see Section 2.4). Policies for SLCP abatement The following highlights the main message fro ...
A/R in the CDM – recent issues
... national deforestation baseline, certified emission reduction credits are issued (sectoral crediting mechanism) ...
... national deforestation baseline, certified emission reduction credits are issued (sectoral crediting mechanism) ...
Environmental - Successor-agreement to the extended Kyoto protocol
... was blocking the finding of a solution. Some countries didn’t want to continue with the Kyoto protocol because they were afraid of destroying their economy, for others reducing their emissions would be very expensive and some didn’t have the possibility due to lack of modern, environmentally friend ...
... was blocking the finding of a solution. Some countries didn’t want to continue with the Kyoto protocol because they were afraid of destroying their economy, for others reducing their emissions would be very expensive and some didn’t have the possibility due to lack of modern, environmentally friend ...
Climate Change and Related Program Activities
... Source Review Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) and title V Operating Permit programs are required for new and existing industrial facilities. • This final rule “tailors” the requirements of these CAA permitting programs to limit which facilities will be required to obtain PSD and title ...
... Source Review Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) and title V Operating Permit programs are required for new and existing industrial facilities. • This final rule “tailors” the requirements of these CAA permitting programs to limit which facilities will be required to obtain PSD and title ...
Report
... potentially the most important global problem that humans face today, government action is needed to find a solution. The Act, introduced into the United States legislative system in 2009, is comprehensive legislation composed of five titles, which together take a multi-dimensional approach to addre ...
... potentially the most important global problem that humans face today, government action is needed to find a solution. The Act, introduced into the United States legislative system in 2009, is comprehensive legislation composed of five titles, which together take a multi-dimensional approach to addre ...
- carbonn Climate Registry
... City set up 10 million tree planting project in 2011. Every year, city tried planting trees more than million tree, total planted 3.8 million trees during 3 years. Through the planting, city can provide green spaces to its citizens and full of biodiversity. Especially, city tried to plant in industr ...
... City set up 10 million tree planting project in 2011. Every year, city tried planting trees more than million tree, total planted 3.8 million trees during 3 years. Through the planting, city can provide green spaces to its citizens and full of biodiversity. Especially, city tried to plant in industr ...
- Brookings Institution
... ratified by most of the countries in the world, including the United States, and entered into force in 1994. The Convention’s intent was to stabilize emissions of greenhouse gases at 1990 levels by the year 2000 through voluntary measures taken by individual countries. Most of the burden was to be a ...
... ratified by most of the countries in the world, including the United States, and entered into force in 1994. The Convention’s intent was to stabilize emissions of greenhouse gases at 1990 levels by the year 2000 through voluntary measures taken by individual countries. Most of the burden was to be a ...
Three Key Elements of a Post-2012 International Climate Policy
... the multitude of sources within their borders to carry out cost-effective trades with other countries (Hahn and Stavins 1999). Related to the issue of the ProtocolÕs emissions-trading elements, there is also great concern regarding the CDM, which is an emissions-reduction credit system. When an indi ...
... the multitude of sources within their borders to carry out cost-effective trades with other countries (Hahn and Stavins 1999). Related to the issue of the ProtocolÕs emissions-trading elements, there is also great concern regarding the CDM, which is an emissions-reduction credit system. When an indi ...
Global Carbon Policy Handbook 2010 - Policies Driving the Growth... Trading Markets Brochure
... - Historic pricing trends for carbon in various exchanges and project-based transactions from 2004-09. - Analyzes market-based instruments such as certifications and standards used in carbon trading in 2009. - Overview on investment firms, infrastructure and energy service providers, advisory compan ...
... - Historic pricing trends for carbon in various exchanges and project-based transactions from 2004-09. - Analyzes market-based instruments such as certifications and standards used in carbon trading in 2009. - Overview on investment firms, infrastructure and energy service providers, advisory compan ...
new zealand`s greenhouse gas inventory 1990–2013 snapshot
... under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Each Inventory report is submitted 15 months after the end of the calendar year, providing time for the data to be collected, processed and analysed. ...
... under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Each Inventory report is submitted 15 months after the end of the calendar year, providing time for the data to be collected, processed and analysed. ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES USING THE MARKET TO ADDRESS CLIMATE CHANGE:
... would provide certainty about the marginal cost of compliance, which reduces uncertainty about returns to investment decisions, but would leave uncertain economy‐wide emission levels. The government could apply the carbon tax at a variety of points in the product cycle of fossil fue ...
... would provide certainty about the marginal cost of compliance, which reduces uncertainty about returns to investment decisions, but would leave uncertain economy‐wide emission levels. The government could apply the carbon tax at a variety of points in the product cycle of fossil fue ...
Contribution of Greenhouse Gas Emissions
... a greenhouse gas, attributing up to 8 percent to the total greenhouse warming effect (Kiehl and Trenberth, 1997). The current estimate for global tropospheric ozone is 370 million metric tons, equivalent to a concentration of 50 parts per billion (GHG Online, 2013). The largest net source of troposp ...
... a greenhouse gas, attributing up to 8 percent to the total greenhouse warming effect (Kiehl and Trenberth, 1997). The current estimate for global tropospheric ozone is 370 million metric tons, equivalent to a concentration of 50 parts per billion (GHG Online, 2013). The largest net source of troposp ...
Global Commitment: Achieving the Less than 2
... sector, with less reliance on fossil fuels and switching to low‐carbon renewable energy sources and nuclear power complemented by carbon capture and storage. Significant improvements in energy efficiency for transport, industrial processes and buildings are also called for, together wit ...
... sector, with less reliance on fossil fuels and switching to low‐carbon renewable energy sources and nuclear power complemented by carbon capture and storage. Significant improvements in energy efficiency for transport, industrial processes and buildings are also called for, together wit ...
The obscure future of the Kyoto protocol - Hal-SHS
... guarded on the whole, it had considerable impact on the media, the States and the scientists. It helped in developing the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, which was adopted in 1992 with the aim of ensuring that the States “stabilize […] greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmo ...
... guarded on the whole, it had considerable impact on the media, the States and the scientists. It helped in developing the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, which was adopted in 1992 with the aim of ensuring that the States “stabilize […] greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmo ...
Policy Brief n°2 - Arctic Climate Change, Economy and Society
... standards that are geographically based. Areas with air quality problems are designated as Emission Control Areas (ECAs). Today there are four ECAs. 9 Ships operating in ECAs are required to meet tighter emission limits (Table 1). Beginning in 2015, both new and existing ships operating in ECAs will ...
... standards that are geographically based. Areas with air quality problems are designated as Emission Control Areas (ECAs). Today there are four ECAs. 9 Ships operating in ECAs are required to meet tighter emission limits (Table 1). Beginning in 2015, both new and existing ships operating in ECAs will ...
Warming caused by cumulative carbon emissions towards the
... Vol 458 | 30 April 2009 | doi:10.1038/nature08019 ...
... Vol 458 | 30 April 2009 | doi:10.1038/nature08019 ...
A Credible Foundation for Long Term International
... forever. As a consequence, the owners of perpetual permits would form the private-sector interest group needed for long-term credibility of the policy: they would have a clear financial interest in keeping the policy in place. The other component of the policy, annual emissions permits, would be str ...
... forever. As a consequence, the owners of perpetual permits would form the private-sector interest group needed for long-term credibility of the policy: they would have a clear financial interest in keeping the policy in place. The other component of the policy, annual emissions permits, would be str ...
A Cost-benefit Analysis of the Australian Carbon Tax
... in need of them. Similarly, who refuse or are unable to reduce emissions are then allowed to purchase emissions allowances from within the cap-and-trade market. The key difficulty associated with implementing such a system contrasts that of implementing Pigovian tax policy, where the tax on the exte ...
... in need of them. Similarly, who refuse or are unable to reduce emissions are then allowed to purchase emissions allowances from within the cap-and-trade market. The key difficulty associated with implementing such a system contrasts that of implementing Pigovian tax policy, where the tax on the exte ...
PDF
... million (ppm) without significant reductions by China and India. The Kyoto Protocol may not be as fair as originally intended, given how dramatically the world has changed since the UNFCCC divided countries into two categories in 1992. Approximately fifty non-Annex I countries now have higher per ca ...
... million (ppm) without significant reductions by China and India. The Kyoto Protocol may not be as fair as originally intended, given how dramatically the world has changed since the UNFCCC divided countries into two categories in 1992. Approximately fifty non-Annex I countries now have higher per ca ...
Why do Portuguese Railways Languish? An Application of
... Rail transport plays a crucial role in enabling economic development as it responds to the needs of the organization and functioning of the economy and society, acting on improving the conditions and quality of life of the population. Because of its nature as a promoter of social and territorial coh ...
... Rail transport plays a crucial role in enabling economic development as it responds to the needs of the organization and functioning of the economy and society, acting on improving the conditions and quality of life of the population. Because of its nature as a promoter of social and territorial coh ...
View - PERI
... towards a zero-carbon energy-based economy as fast as possible. Though the two are not mutually exclusive, a focus on energy efficiency measures could pose a serious risk to a zerocarbon energy transition. Such a focus could ‘lock in’ fossil fuels for a much longer time than desired and ‘lock out’ r ...
... towards a zero-carbon energy-based economy as fast as possible. Though the two are not mutually exclusive, a focus on energy efficiency measures could pose a serious risk to a zerocarbon energy transition. Such a focus could ‘lock in’ fossil fuels for a much longer time than desired and ‘lock out’ r ...
Forging a More Effective Global Climate Treaty
... Stavins, and Whitehead 1997). An undisputed attraction — in theory — of an international trading approach is that the equilibrium allocation of permits, the market-determined permit price, and the aggregate costs of abatement are independent of the initial allocation of permits among countries. Howe ...
... Stavins, and Whitehead 1997). An undisputed attraction — in theory — of an international trading approach is that the equilibrium allocation of permits, the market-determined permit price, and the aggregate costs of abatement are independent of the initial allocation of permits among countries. Howe ...
Slide 1
... American Clean Energy and Security Act of 2009 (H.R. 2454) • Requires utilities to supply an increasing percentage of their demand from a combination of energy efficiency savings and renewable energy (6% in 2012, 9.5% in 2014, 13% in 2016, 16.5% in 2018, and 20% in 2021-2039). • Provides for issuing ...
... American Clean Energy and Security Act of 2009 (H.R. 2454) • Requires utilities to supply an increasing percentage of their demand from a combination of energy efficiency savings and renewable energy (6% in 2012, 9.5% in 2014, 13% in 2016, 16.5% in 2018, and 20% in 2021-2039). • Provides for issuing ...
contribution of greenhouse gas emissions: animal agriculture in
... Water Vapor: By far the most abundant greenhouse gas and the biggest contributor to the greenhouse effect, water vapor constitutes up to four percent by volume of the atmosphere, and 95 percent by volume of all greenhouse gases. On average, about 60 percent of the greenhouse effect is attributed to ...
... Water Vapor: By far the most abundant greenhouse gas and the biggest contributor to the greenhouse effect, water vapor constitutes up to four percent by volume of the atmosphere, and 95 percent by volume of all greenhouse gases. On average, about 60 percent of the greenhouse effect is attributed to ...
Emissions trading
Emissions trading or cap and trade (""cap"" meaning a legal limit on the quantity of a certain type of chemical an economy can emit each year) is a market-based approach used to control pollution by providing economic incentives for achieving reductions in the emissions of pollutants. Various countries, groups of companies, and states have adopted emission trading systems as one of the strategies for mitigating climate-change by addressing international greenhouse-gas emission.A central authority (usually a governmental body) sets a limit or cap on the amount of a pollutant that may be emitted. The limit or cap is allocated and/or sold by the central authority to firms in the form of emissions permits which represent the right to emit or discharge a specific volume of the specified pollutant. Permits (and possibly also derivatives of permits) can then be traded on secondary markets. For example, the EU ETS trades primarily in European Union Allowances (EUAs), the Californian scheme in California Carbon Allowances, the New Zealand scheme in New Zealand Units and the Australian scheme in Australian Units. Firms are required to hold a number of permits (or allowances or carbon credits) equivalent to their emissions. The total number of permits cannot exceed the cap, limiting total emissions to that level. Firms that need to increase their volume of emissions must buy permits from those who require fewer permits.The transfer of permits is referred to as a ""trade"". In effect, the buyer is paying a charge for polluting, while the seller gains a reward for having reduced emissions. Thus, in theory, those who can reduce emissions most cheaply will do so, achieving the pollution reduction at the lowest cost to society.There are active trading programs in several air pollutants. For greenhouse gases the largest is the European Union Emission Trading Scheme, whose purpose is to avoid dangerous climate change. Cap and trade provides the private sector with the flexibility required to reduce emissions while stimulating technological innovation and economic growth. The United States has a national market to reduce acid rain and several regional markets in nitrogen oxides.