Mitigation - European Capacity Building Initiative
... •Parties would inscribe their reference levels in an annex and would then be required to submit a description of the elements used in their construction, followed by a period for revision. •Proposed a review of reference levels starting in 2012 and of annual inventories, highlighting the need to ens ...
... •Parties would inscribe their reference levels in an annex and would then be required to submit a description of the elements used in their construction, followed by a period for revision. •Proposed a review of reference levels starting in 2012 and of annual inventories, highlighting the need to ens ...
Special Report on Emission Scenario’s
... • Government support is important for effective technology development, innovation and deployment through ...
... • Government support is important for effective technology development, innovation and deployment through ...
Climate change going beyond dangerous
... A prerequisite of responding to the climate challenge is exposing the void between the rhetoric and the reality around efforts to reduce emissions (mitigation). There is certainly plenty of discussion of mitigation, but seldom does it focus on the actual gap between the claims we make as individuals ...
... A prerequisite of responding to the climate challenge is exposing the void between the rhetoric and the reality around efforts to reduce emissions (mitigation). There is certainly plenty of discussion of mitigation, but seldom does it focus on the actual gap between the claims we make as individuals ...
The Global Carbon Trading Market: Concepts, Regulations and Industry Brochure
... Regulatory efforts to mitigate climate change have spawned an emerging carbon market that grew at compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 89% to reach $138.3 billion in 2009. The EU’s initiatives to build a broad, globally linked carbon market, the prospective US Federal cap-and-trade program and the ...
... Regulatory efforts to mitigate climate change have spawned an emerging carbon market that grew at compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 89% to reach $138.3 billion in 2009. The EU’s initiatives to build a broad, globally linked carbon market, the prospective US Federal cap-and-trade program and the ...
Federal Climate Change Legislation as If the States Matter
... and will enable sources to integrate their reductions of GHGs with their control of other regulated pollutants such as sulfur dioxide. The CAA also establishes NAAQS at a level sufficient to prevent “dangerous anthropogenic climate change,” the goal of the United Nations Framework Convention on Clim ...
... and will enable sources to integrate their reductions of GHGs with their control of other regulated pollutants such as sulfur dioxide. The CAA also establishes NAAQS at a level sufficient to prevent “dangerous anthropogenic climate change,” the goal of the United Nations Framework Convention on Clim ...
The Design of a Carbon Neutral Airport
... cannot sign any agreement that does not have fair guidelines for all countries (STERN, 2007). In the United States, federal legislation has yet to be developed to regulate mobile aviation-related GHG emissions. State and local governments have responded to concerns by developing policies to control ...
... cannot sign any agreement that does not have fair guidelines for all countries (STERN, 2007). In the United States, federal legislation has yet to be developed to regulate mobile aviation-related GHG emissions. State and local governments have responded to concerns by developing policies to control ...
Bunker Fuels and the Kyoto Protocol How ICAO and the IMO Failed
... Policy options identified to reduce emission further included more stringent engine regulations, the removal of subsidies and incentives that have negative environmental consequences, environmental levies (charges and taxes), emissions trading, and voluntary agreements. It was noted that ICAO had al ...
... Policy options identified to reduce emission further included more stringent engine regulations, the removal of subsidies and incentives that have negative environmental consequences, environmental levies (charges and taxes), emissions trading, and voluntary agreements. It was noted that ICAO had al ...
Negotiating the Next Climate Change Treaty
... have its own best treaty design. The problem with the grand architecture of establishing economy-wide, multi-gas targets and timetables is that it cannot provide the enforcement needed to ensure that these targets are actually achieved. While climate diplomats have been focusing their attention on a ...
... have its own best treaty design. The problem with the grand architecture of establishing economy-wide, multi-gas targets and timetables is that it cannot provide the enforcement needed to ensure that these targets are actually achieved. While climate diplomats have been focusing their attention on a ...
A Harsh Climate for Trade TRADE POL YSIS ANAL
... emissions that are supposedly responsible for climate change.1 Under a cap-and-trade program, firms would lower their greenhouse-gas emissions in response to a government-imposed cap on total national emissions. Those emitting less than their allotted cap would be able to sell their excess emission ...
... emissions that are supposedly responsible for climate change.1 Under a cap-and-trade program, firms would lower their greenhouse-gas emissions in response to a government-imposed cap on total national emissions. Those emitting less than their allotted cap would be able to sell their excess emission ...
Meeting Carbon Budgets – Implications of Brexit for UK climate policy
... policies will be needed to reduce emissions where policies previously agreed through the EU no longer apply or are weakened. In this note we consider the implications of leaving the EU for the UK’s emissions reduction efforts. UK policy has developed over time in an EU context. The Government has st ...
... policies will be needed to reduce emissions where policies previously agreed through the EU no longer apply or are weakened. In this note we consider the implications of leaving the EU for the UK’s emissions reduction efforts. UK policy has developed over time in an EU context. The Government has st ...
Summary of the Garnaut Climate Change Review Final Report
... Understanding climate science…continued Higher concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere absorb more of the heat reflected from the Earth’s surface causing an increase in global temperatures. To limit increases in global temperature, we need to limit – or stabilise – the concentration o ...
... Understanding climate science…continued Higher concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere absorb more of the heat reflected from the Earth’s surface causing an increase in global temperatures. To limit increases in global temperature, we need to limit – or stabilise – the concentration o ...
Ontario`s climate change discussion paper
... i. Manufacturers in Ontario should not face more stringent requirements than those imposed on jurisdictions in which we compete. ii. Ontario’s policies should continuously enhance competitiveness with respect to attracting investment, improving operating efficiencies, and developing new markets for ...
... i. Manufacturers in Ontario should not face more stringent requirements than those imposed on jurisdictions in which we compete. ii. Ontario’s policies should continuously enhance competitiveness with respect to attracting investment, improving operating efficiencies, and developing new markets for ...
Paying for carbon emissions reduction
... The first airline in the UK to offer a voluntary carbon offset was British Airways (BA), which introduced its scheme in 2005. The price of carbon offsetting was set at £8.63/tCO2 (2007 prices) at the time. This price reflected the cost of their offset projects, such as planting trees in Uganda and d ...
... The first airline in the UK to offer a voluntary carbon offset was British Airways (BA), which introduced its scheme in 2005. The price of carbon offsetting was set at £8.63/tCO2 (2007 prices) at the time. This price reflected the cost of their offset projects, such as planting trees in Uganda and d ...
Greenhouse gas emissions and the role of the Kyoto Protocol
... Global warming is an important issue for all people in the world. Once greenhouse gases (GHGs) are generated, they accumulate in the atmosphere for a very long period. For this reason, the scope of their impact is not only limited to the present generation, but will continue to affect generations to ...
... Global warming is an important issue for all people in the world. Once greenhouse gases (GHGs) are generated, they accumulate in the atmosphere for a very long period. For this reason, the scope of their impact is not only limited to the present generation, but will continue to affect generations to ...
Full Report
... of specified changes in regional climatic regimes. Each of these classes of models addresses a different set of questions. For example. the economic and energy models could ask how much emissions wil 1 grow by the year 2050, and how much will a $20 per ton carbon tax reduce this growth? The second c ...
... of specified changes in regional climatic regimes. Each of these classes of models addresses a different set of questions. For example. the economic and energy models could ask how much emissions wil 1 grow by the year 2050, and how much will a $20 per ton carbon tax reduce this growth? The second c ...
UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol - Training for the State Negotiators on
... In accordance with the principle of "common but differentiated responsibilities", the required contents of these national communications and the timetable for their submission is different for Annex I and non-Annex I Parties. ...
... In accordance with the principle of "common but differentiated responsibilities", the required contents of these national communications and the timetable for their submission is different for Annex I and non-Annex I Parties. ...
Carbon Markets and New Market Mechanisms
... not extended to developing countries. The financial and economic implications of legally binding emissions targets are significant and several developed countries, of which the United States of America is most prominent, have refused to take on legally binding carbon emissions targets without the ad ...
... not extended to developing countries. The financial and economic implications of legally binding emissions targets are significant and several developed countries, of which the United States of America is most prominent, have refused to take on legally binding carbon emissions targets without the ad ...
carbon pricing - The Climate Group
... The AU$23 per ton tax took effect on July 1, 2012 and will rise 2.5% each year, reaching AU$24.15 in the next fiscal year and AU$25.40 the following year. It is imposed on Australia’s 500 largest emitters, each of whom emits more than 25,000 tons of carbon each year.14 In July 2015, the tax will swi ...
... The AU$23 per ton tax took effect on July 1, 2012 and will rise 2.5% each year, reaching AU$24.15 in the next fiscal year and AU$25.40 the following year. It is imposed on Australia’s 500 largest emitters, each of whom emits more than 25,000 tons of carbon each year.14 In July 2015, the tax will swi ...
Climate policy and uncertainty: the roles of adaptation versus
... each country will be reduced, and in a cost-effective manner. Unlike the Kyoto approach, the Blueprint also encourages adaptation since it give clear signals of expected costs of mitigation which can be used by individual firms and households to decide on individual actions for ...
... each country will be reduced, and in a cost-effective manner. Unlike the Kyoto approach, the Blueprint also encourages adaptation since it give clear signals of expected costs of mitigation which can be used by individual firms and households to decide on individual actions for ...
This PDF is a selection from a published volume from... of Economic Research
... often makes the cost of taking action all too palpable. Domestic political difficulties have arisen in many countries seeking to enact policies to mitigate climate change, but most notably—and importantly—in the United States. While no longer the largest emitter in the world (Buckley 2010), policy dec ...
... often makes the cost of taking action all too palpable. Domestic political difficulties have arisen in many countries seeking to enact policies to mitigate climate change, but most notably—and importantly—in the United States. While no longer the largest emitter in the world (Buckley 2010), policy dec ...
Cap & Trade Legislation: What`s Proposed and What Does It Mean.
... American Clean Energy and Security Act of 2009 (H.R. 2454) • Requires utilities to supply an increasing percentage of their demand from a combination of energy efficiency savings and renewable energy (6% in 2012, 9.5% in 2014, 13% in 2016, 16.5% in 2018, and 20% in 2021-2039). • Provides for issuing ...
... American Clean Energy and Security Act of 2009 (H.R. 2454) • Requires utilities to supply an increasing percentage of their demand from a combination of energy efficiency savings and renewable energy (6% in 2012, 9.5% in 2014, 13% in 2016, 16.5% in 2018, and 20% in 2021-2039). • Provides for issuing ...
PDF
... option discussed only by economists, emissions trading is now considered a mainstream policy instrument in the United States with bipartisan political support. Internationally, emissions trading is no longer considered a “crazy American idea.” It is now a fundamental component of the international f ...
... option discussed only by economists, emissions trading is now considered a mainstream policy instrument in the United States with bipartisan political support. Internationally, emissions trading is no longer considered a “crazy American idea.” It is now a fundamental component of the international f ...
progress toward a consensus on carbon emissions from tropical
... time frame of 2000–2005, emissions from gross deforestation in tropical regions contributed 3.0 Gt CO2 yr-1 (0.8 Pg C yr-1) to the atmosphere. This value does not fully account for emissions from tropical forest land-use change because it excludes emissions from mineral soils and peat as well as emi ...
... time frame of 2000–2005, emissions from gross deforestation in tropical regions contributed 3.0 Gt CO2 yr-1 (0.8 Pg C yr-1) to the atmosphere. This value does not fully account for emissions from tropical forest land-use change because it excludes emissions from mineral soils and peat as well as emi ...
English - Summit of the Americas
... Consider hydro in light of global benefits of emission reductions Make use of increased experience and better tools to avoid negative environmental and social impacts: e.g., strategic impact assessments Intensify efforts to exploit other sources of renewable energy (e.g. wind) Continue to take advan ...
... Consider hydro in light of global benefits of emission reductions Make use of increased experience and better tools to avoid negative environmental and social impacts: e.g., strategic impact assessments Intensify efforts to exploit other sources of renewable energy (e.g. wind) Continue to take advan ...
How Environmental Pollution from Fossil Fuels can be included in
... compiled by Fouquet (2011). This comparison gives new insights on how to include the local and global effects of fossil fuel use into the national accounts. ...
... compiled by Fouquet (2011). This comparison gives new insights on how to include the local and global effects of fossil fuel use into the national accounts. ...
Emissions trading
Emissions trading or cap and trade (""cap"" meaning a legal limit on the quantity of a certain type of chemical an economy can emit each year) is a market-based approach used to control pollution by providing economic incentives for achieving reductions in the emissions of pollutants. Various countries, groups of companies, and states have adopted emission trading systems as one of the strategies for mitigating climate-change by addressing international greenhouse-gas emission.A central authority (usually a governmental body) sets a limit or cap on the amount of a pollutant that may be emitted. The limit or cap is allocated and/or sold by the central authority to firms in the form of emissions permits which represent the right to emit or discharge a specific volume of the specified pollutant. Permits (and possibly also derivatives of permits) can then be traded on secondary markets. For example, the EU ETS trades primarily in European Union Allowances (EUAs), the Californian scheme in California Carbon Allowances, the New Zealand scheme in New Zealand Units and the Australian scheme in Australian Units. Firms are required to hold a number of permits (or allowances or carbon credits) equivalent to their emissions. The total number of permits cannot exceed the cap, limiting total emissions to that level. Firms that need to increase their volume of emissions must buy permits from those who require fewer permits.The transfer of permits is referred to as a ""trade"". In effect, the buyer is paying a charge for polluting, while the seller gains a reward for having reduced emissions. Thus, in theory, those who can reduce emissions most cheaply will do so, achieving the pollution reduction at the lowest cost to society.There are active trading programs in several air pollutants. For greenhouse gases the largest is the European Union Emission Trading Scheme, whose purpose is to avoid dangerous climate change. Cap and trade provides the private sector with the flexibility required to reduce emissions while stimulating technological innovation and economic growth. The United States has a national market to reduce acid rain and several regional markets in nitrogen oxides.