Economic Potential of Biomass Based Fuels for Greenhouse Gas
... perspective with the Kyoto Protocol. U.S. cropland amounts to approximately 325 million acres. The literature suggests an annual maximum potential for agricultural carbon sinks around one ton of carbon per acre of cropland (for example see Stavins). Using this maximum, total agricultural contributio ...
... perspective with the Kyoto Protocol. U.S. cropland amounts to approximately 325 million acres. The literature suggests an annual maximum potential for agricultural carbon sinks around one ton of carbon per acre of cropland (for example see Stavins). Using this maximum, total agricultural contributio ...
Monitoring and Assessment of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Mitigation Potential in Agriculture: the new greenhouse Gas Emissions database in FAOSTAT; and Presentation and discussion of the conclusions and recommendations of the greenhouse gas emission and mitigation workshop
... FAO Capacity Development Activities to improve GHG Statistics FAO has implemented since 2012, via its Monitoring and Assessment of GHG Emissions Project, a series of Capacity Development workshops in support of its developing member countries in the assessment and reporting of GHG emissions, from G ...
... FAO Capacity Development Activities to improve GHG Statistics FAO has implemented since 2012, via its Monitoring and Assessment of GHG Emissions Project, a series of Capacity Development workshops in support of its developing member countries in the assessment and reporting of GHG emissions, from G ...
Global 500 Greenhouse Gas Report: The Fossil
... emissions back into line within planetary boundaries. In one sense, consumption begins with consumers; energy companies are only going to produce what consumers will buy. But another increasingly important role is the part played by the energy sector itself to deploy its considerable political, fina ...
... emissions back into line within planetary boundaries. In one sense, consumption begins with consumers; energy companies are only going to produce what consumers will buy. But another increasingly important role is the part played by the energy sector itself to deploy its considerable political, fina ...
Complaint for Declaratory and Injunctive Relief Aircraft
... objectives of the Climate Law Institute also include ensuring compliance with applicable law in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and other air pollution, and educating and mobilizing the public on global warming and air quality issues. The Center has advocated in numerous local, state, and f ...
... objectives of the Climate Law Institute also include ensuring compliance with applicable law in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and other air pollution, and educating and mobilizing the public on global warming and air quality issues. The Center has advocated in numerous local, state, and f ...
U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Recent Trends and Factors Jonathan L. Ramseur
... President Xi agreed to “peak” Chinese carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions around 2030, perhaps earlier, and to increase the non-fossil share of China’s energy to around 20% by 2030 compared to 2005 levels.3 A question for policy makers is whether U.S. GHG emissions will remain at current levels, decrease ...
... President Xi agreed to “peak” Chinese carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions around 2030, perhaps earlier, and to increase the non-fossil share of China’s energy to around 20% by 2030 compared to 2005 levels.3 A question for policy makers is whether U.S. GHG emissions will remain at current levels, decrease ...
Status of the international climate change negotiations
... • Adopt policies and measures with aim of reducing GHG emissions to 1990 levels ...
... • Adopt policies and measures with aim of reducing GHG emissions to 1990 levels ...
The Kyoto Protocol accounting rules
... Broadly, the ‘assigned amount’ is the total amount of greenhouse gas emissions that a country is permitted over the Kyoto Protocol agreement period. Under Article 3.1 of the Kyoto Protocol, 5 Australia is to meet a target of 108 per cent of its 1990 emission levels annually by the end of the five-ye ...
... Broadly, the ‘assigned amount’ is the total amount of greenhouse gas emissions that a country is permitted over the Kyoto Protocol agreement period. Under Article 3.1 of the Kyoto Protocol, 5 Australia is to meet a target of 108 per cent of its 1990 emission levels annually by the end of the five-ye ...
An evaluation of the level of ambition and implications of the Bush
... 3. How do the efforts under the Bush Initiative compare to those of Annex I countries? The Initiative claims that the 4.5% emission reduction for the US compared to baseline levels is comparable to the average progress of Annex I regions under the Kyoto Protocol. However, considering all Annex I cou ...
... 3. How do the efforts under the Bush Initiative compare to those of Annex I countries? The Initiative claims that the 4.5% emission reduction for the US compared to baseline levels is comparable to the average progress of Annex I regions under the Kyoto Protocol. However, considering all Annex I cou ...
... Kyoto Protocol agreed to reduce their collective GHG emission levels by at least 5 per cent below 1990 levels over a five-year commitment period from 2008 to 2012. The amount of carbon dioxide equivalent that a Party may emit during the commitment period, if it is to fully comply with its emissions ...
The International Climate Change Negotiations
... target. Instead, the Noordwijk Declaration merely noted the view of “many” industrialized countries that stabilization should be achieved “as a first step at the latest by the year 2000.”15 The same battle was fought again two years later during the negotiation of the U.N. Framework Convention on Cl ...
... target. Instead, the Noordwijk Declaration merely noted the view of “many” industrialized countries that stabilization should be achieved “as a first step at the latest by the year 2000.”15 The same battle was fought again two years later during the negotiation of the U.N. Framework Convention on Cl ...
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... effects in Figure 2 suggests that the time effects in 1980 and 1981 may be outliners. We therefore re-estimate the time trend model over 1981 to 2007 and 1982 to 2007. As we can see, excluding the first two observations will eliminate the significance of the time trend. Therefore, we follow Holtz-Ea ...
... effects in Figure 2 suggests that the time effects in 1980 and 1981 may be outliners. We therefore re-estimate the time trend model over 1981 to 2007 and 1982 to 2007. As we can see, excluding the first two observations will eliminate the significance of the time trend. Therefore, we follow Holtz-Ea ...
Climate Treaties and Enforcement - Yale Center for the Study of
... meeting the goal of the Framework Convention on Climate Change (FCCC)—to ensure that concentrations would be stabilized ‘at a level that would prevent dangerous interference with the climate system’. This is an elegant and audacious construct. Can it work? An effective international agreement for cl ...
... meeting the goal of the Framework Convention on Climate Change (FCCC)—to ensure that concentrations would be stabilized ‘at a level that would prevent dangerous interference with the climate system’. This is an elegant and audacious construct. Can it work? An effective international agreement for cl ...
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... contact. Discussions with key policy makers also helped scope the problem and identify grey literature sources. ...
... contact. Discussions with key policy makers also helped scope the problem and identify grey literature sources. ...
Don`t Kill Kyoto
... In 1992 at the Rio Earth Summit, the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) was agreed as a global treaty to govern international action to tackle climate change. In 1997, the Kyoto Protocol was agreed as a legal instrument to implement the Convention. The Protocol includes quantified em ...
... In 1992 at the Rio Earth Summit, the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) was agreed as a global treaty to govern international action to tackle climate change. In 1997, the Kyoto Protocol was agreed as a legal instrument to implement the Convention. The Protocol includes quantified em ...
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... Further, vessels emit greenhouse gases in an amount totally disproportionate to their numbers. Marine sources emit between 12 and 21 % of the total greenhouse gases emitted by the worldwide transportation sector. (ICCT, op. cit., p.29.) There are only about 90,000 vessels.!il in the world's cargo fl ...
... Further, vessels emit greenhouse gases in an amount totally disproportionate to their numbers. Marine sources emit between 12 and 21 % of the total greenhouse gases emitted by the worldwide transportation sector. (ICCT, op. cit., p.29.) There are only about 90,000 vessels.!il in the world's cargo fl ...
Silent but Deadly - Global Justice Now
... to make a broad estimate of these emissions. We have taken existing global data on the greenhouse gas emissions of the livestock sector, and allocated them to Cargill on the basis of its share of the global animal feed market. This may not result in as detailed or accurate a figure as the first appr ...
... to make a broad estimate of these emissions. We have taken existing global data on the greenhouse gas emissions of the livestock sector, and allocated them to Cargill on the basis of its share of the global animal feed market. This may not result in as detailed or accurate a figure as the first appr ...
climate change: the case for a carbon tariff/tax
... obviously would be greater the larger environmental free riding will not be by tax measures. These could include the number of participating counrewarded. such disparate measures as Kyoto-style tries. Applied globally, it would make reductions, cap-and-trade systems, a major contribution to meeting ...
... obviously would be greater the larger environmental free riding will not be by tax measures. These could include the number of participating counrewarded. such disparate measures as Kyoto-style tries. Applied globally, it would make reductions, cap-and-trade systems, a major contribution to meeting ...
Strategic Plan - Department of Environmental Affairs
... system to track economy wide emissions. The legislative mandate for DEA to develop and implement the M&E system is outlined in Section 12 of the NCCRP. Section 10 of the NCCRP outlines how the DEA should co-ordinate South Africa’s efforts through cooperative governance mechanisms. The over-arching o ...
... system to track economy wide emissions. The legislative mandate for DEA to develop and implement the M&E system is outlined in Section 12 of the NCCRP. Section 10 of the NCCRP outlines how the DEA should co-ordinate South Africa’s efforts through cooperative governance mechanisms. The over-arching o ...
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... implemented to date — the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) and the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) — are tradable permit systems. Furthermore, tradable permit systems are being considered as the primary policy instrument for reducing GHG emissions in Australia, Canada, Japan, and t ...
... implemented to date — the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) and the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) — are tradable permit systems. Furthermore, tradable permit systems are being considered as the primary policy instrument for reducing GHG emissions in Australia, Canada, Japan, and t ...
The Role of US Households in Global Carbon
... The consumption based perspective on household emissions communicates a very different message to people. It shows that people have the power to directly and indirectly affect a large component of the nations’ carbon emissions through behavior and lifestyle changes that would affect their consumptio ...
... The consumption based perspective on household emissions communicates a very different message to people. It shows that people have the power to directly and indirectly affect a large component of the nations’ carbon emissions through behavior and lifestyle changes that would affect their consumptio ...
Chapter 13: Pollution Control Policy
... incentives or, more combatively, command and control policies and pay to pollute schemes. Direct regulation involves setting pollution control standards administratively and enforcing them using fines through regulatory agencies and the courts. Incentive approaches work by creating a direct fina ...
... incentives or, more combatively, command and control policies and pay to pollute schemes. Direct regulation involves setting pollution control standards administratively and enforcing them using fines through regulatory agencies and the courts. Incentive approaches work by creating a direct fina ...
Managing climate change and overcoming poverty: facing the realities and building a global agreement (455 kB) (opens in new window)
... inaction are immense; far higher than any plausible estimates of the costs of action. We know only too well the impact of poverty around the world. But what may be less wellknown are the risks to which poor people will be most exposed and vulnerable at increases in global average temperature substan ...
... inaction are immense; far higher than any plausible estimates of the costs of action. We know only too well the impact of poverty around the world. But what may be less wellknown are the risks to which poor people will be most exposed and vulnerable at increases in global average temperature substan ...
An Economic Analysis of the Kyoto Protocol
... In addition, the international emission reduction trading system could drastically impact individual economies. Due to the increasing costs of production in Annex I countries, companies may elect to shift production to developing nations, which will have a substantial lower MC of production. This sh ...
... In addition, the international emission reduction trading system could drastically impact individual economies. Due to the increasing costs of production in Annex I countries, companies may elect to shift production to developing nations, which will have a substantial lower MC of production. This sh ...
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... engender binding and effectual policy measures. Against this background, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) was created, which in turn oversaw the ratification of the Kyoto Protocol. This international accord set a detailed roadmap for curbing both carbon dioxide (CO2 ...
... engender binding and effectual policy measures. Against this background, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) was created, which in turn oversaw the ratification of the Kyoto Protocol. This international accord set a detailed roadmap for curbing both carbon dioxide (CO2 ...
Emissions trading
Emissions trading or cap and trade (""cap"" meaning a legal limit on the quantity of a certain type of chemical an economy can emit each year) is a market-based approach used to control pollution by providing economic incentives for achieving reductions in the emissions of pollutants. Various countries, groups of companies, and states have adopted emission trading systems as one of the strategies for mitigating climate-change by addressing international greenhouse-gas emission.A central authority (usually a governmental body) sets a limit or cap on the amount of a pollutant that may be emitted. The limit or cap is allocated and/or sold by the central authority to firms in the form of emissions permits which represent the right to emit or discharge a specific volume of the specified pollutant. Permits (and possibly also derivatives of permits) can then be traded on secondary markets. For example, the EU ETS trades primarily in European Union Allowances (EUAs), the Californian scheme in California Carbon Allowances, the New Zealand scheme in New Zealand Units and the Australian scheme in Australian Units. Firms are required to hold a number of permits (or allowances or carbon credits) equivalent to their emissions. The total number of permits cannot exceed the cap, limiting total emissions to that level. Firms that need to increase their volume of emissions must buy permits from those who require fewer permits.The transfer of permits is referred to as a ""trade"". In effect, the buyer is paying a charge for polluting, while the seller gains a reward for having reduced emissions. Thus, in theory, those who can reduce emissions most cheaply will do so, achieving the pollution reduction at the lowest cost to society.There are active trading programs in several air pollutants. For greenhouse gases the largest is the European Union Emission Trading Scheme, whose purpose is to avoid dangerous climate change. Cap and trade provides the private sector with the flexibility required to reduce emissions while stimulating technological innovation and economic growth. The United States has a national market to reduce acid rain and several regional markets in nitrogen oxides.