Constructing a Plant Cell. The Genetic Control of Root Hair
... accumulation and interaction of cell fate regulators is shown within root epidermal cells destined to be root hair cells (in the H position) or non-hair cells (in the N position). In this model, the default fate for an epidermal cell is a root hair cell. Arrows indicate positive control, and blunted ...
... accumulation and interaction of cell fate regulators is shown within root epidermal cells destined to be root hair cells (in the H position) or non-hair cells (in the N position). In this model, the default fate for an epidermal cell is a root hair cell. Arrows indicate positive control, and blunted ...
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... pseudostratified. Furthermore, epithelial nuclei exhibit interkinetic nuclear migration, a process wherein nuclei move in concert with the cell cycle, from the basal side (where DNA is synthesized) to the apical surface (where mitosis takes place); such nuclear movements were previously misinterpret ...
... pseudostratified. Furthermore, epithelial nuclei exhibit interkinetic nuclear migration, a process wherein nuclei move in concert with the cell cycle, from the basal side (where DNA is synthesized) to the apical surface (where mitosis takes place); such nuclear movements were previously misinterpret ...
Interferon-α (IFN-α) suppresses HTLV-1 gene
... Background: Human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1) is the causative retrovirus of adult T-cell leukemia/ lymphoma (ATL) and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). HTLV-1 gene expression is maintained at low levels in vivo by unknown mechanisms. A combination therap ...
... Background: Human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1) is the causative retrovirus of adult T-cell leukemia/ lymphoma (ATL) and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). HTLV-1 gene expression is maintained at low levels in vivo by unknown mechanisms. A combination therap ...
Penium margaritaceum: A Unicellular Model Organism for
... The current, yet rapidly evolving, working model of the cell wall is one of a fibrous composite of polymers, primarily polysaccharides and glycoproteins, which are incorporated into specific loci of the wall and are subsequently modified at various intervals during the life of the plant cell [7–10]. ...
... The current, yet rapidly evolving, working model of the cell wall is one of a fibrous composite of polymers, primarily polysaccharides and glycoproteins, which are incorporated into specific loci of the wall and are subsequently modified at various intervals during the life of the plant cell [7–10]. ...
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... The current, yet rapidly evolving, working model of the cell wall is one of a fibrous composite of polymers, primarily polysaccharides and glycoproteins, which are incorporated into specific loci of the wall and are subsequently modified at various intervals during the life of the plant cell [7–10]. ...
... The current, yet rapidly evolving, working model of the cell wall is one of a fibrous composite of polymers, primarily polysaccharides and glycoproteins, which are incorporated into specific loci of the wall and are subsequently modified at various intervals during the life of the plant cell [7–10]. ...
The Involvement of the Fibronectin Type II-like Modules
... (16), and heparin (16 –18) have also been identified. The C domain of MMPs is involved in several important protein-protein interactions. In gelatinase B the C domain binds TIMP-1, whereas interstitial and neutrophil collagenases utilize the C domain for binding and cleavage of native type I collage ...
... (16), and heparin (16 –18) have also been identified. The C domain of MMPs is involved in several important protein-protein interactions. In gelatinase B the C domain binds TIMP-1, whereas interstitial and neutrophil collagenases utilize the C domain for binding and cleavage of native type I collage ...
THE PLANT CELL CYCLE Walter Dewitte and James A.H. Murray
... conformational change that allows proper binding of the substrate and access to the γ -phosphate group of bound ATP. Phosphorylation of Thr160, or the functionally equivalent residue, is therefore essential for CDK activity and is carried out by a CDK-activating kinase (CAK). Two forms of CAK are kn ...
... conformational change that allows proper binding of the substrate and access to the γ -phosphate group of bound ATP. Phosphorylation of Thr160, or the functionally equivalent residue, is therefore essential for CDK activity and is carried out by a CDK-activating kinase (CAK). Two forms of CAK are kn ...
Transcriptional insights into the CD8+ T cell response to infection
... (Prdm1), in addition to inflammatory receptors such as S1PR1 and the interleukin 12 receptor (IL-12R), and Krüppel-like-factors, which have been linked to proliferation and survival10; this provided early confirmation of the validity of the technique. More unexpected was the rapid upregulation of ex ...
... (Prdm1), in addition to inflammatory receptors such as S1PR1 and the interleukin 12 receptor (IL-12R), and Krüppel-like-factors, which have been linked to proliferation and survival10; this provided early confirmation of the validity of the technique. More unexpected was the rapid upregulation of ex ...
Enhancer timing of Hox gene expression: deletion of
... 1995). A minimum of seven putative transcription factor binding motifs including two CDX-binding sites have been identified within the EE by means of sequence analysis and mutational studies involving reporter constructs in transgenic mice (Shashikant et al., 1995; Shashikant and Ruddle, 1996). In a ...
... 1995). A minimum of seven putative transcription factor binding motifs including two CDX-binding sites have been identified within the EE by means of sequence analysis and mutational studies involving reporter constructs in transgenic mice (Shashikant et al., 1995; Shashikant and Ruddle, 1996). In a ...
Control of Root Cap Formation by MicroRNA
... The Arabidopsis auxin response factors ARF10 (At2g28350), ARF16 (At4g30080), and ARF17 (At1g77850) share high amino acid sequence similarities and form a subgroup in the ARF family (Guilfoyle and Hagen, 2001; Remington et al., 2004; Okushima et al., 2005). They all contain an additional stretch of 3 ...
... The Arabidopsis auxin response factors ARF10 (At2g28350), ARF16 (At4g30080), and ARF17 (At1g77850) share high amino acid sequence similarities and form a subgroup in the ARF family (Guilfoyle and Hagen, 2001; Remington et al., 2004; Okushima et al., 2005). They all contain an additional stretch of 3 ...
Visualizing microtubule dynamics and membrane - UvA-DARE
... phragmoplast,, assists in their deliver}- (Ledbetter and Porter, 1963). This view of cell plate biogenesiss is supported by electron microscopy (EM) observations showing massive accumulationn of vesicles with a diameter of 60-80 n m (resembling transport and secretory vesicles)) at the spindle and p ...
... phragmoplast,, assists in their deliver}- (Ledbetter and Porter, 1963). This view of cell plate biogenesiss is supported by electron microscopy (EM) observations showing massive accumulationn of vesicles with a diameter of 60-80 n m (resembling transport and secretory vesicles)) at the spindle and p ...
development through auxin-induced cytokinin oxidase activity
... Cytokinin plays a crucial role in regulating the proliferation and differentiation of plant cells. Considerable efforts in the last few years have been directed toward the discovery of proteins and enzymes that function in cytokinin signaling and metabolism (Ferreira and Kieber 2005; Sakakibara 2006 ...
... Cytokinin plays a crucial role in regulating the proliferation and differentiation of plant cells. Considerable efforts in the last few years have been directed toward the discovery of proteins and enzymes that function in cytokinin signaling and metabolism (Ferreira and Kieber 2005; Sakakibara 2006 ...
The cell biology of bone metabolism
... Considerable progress has been made in identifying morphogens, signalling pathways and transcriptional regulators mediating differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into osteoprogenitors (fig 3). During skeletal development osteoblast differentiation and deposition of bone matrix occurs, and involv ...
... Considerable progress has been made in identifying morphogens, signalling pathways and transcriptional regulators mediating differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into osteoprogenitors (fig 3). During skeletal development osteoblast differentiation and deposition of bone matrix occurs, and involv ...
Isolation, Characterization, and Expression of cDNAs Encoding
... endoglycosidase H, a commonly used marker for transit through the Golgi complex (42). A number of the mammalian Golgi glycosyltransferases havebeen cloned recently (1, 7, 17, 21, 25, 32, 45, 46, 53, 56) allowing a comparison of the polypeptide structures and the ability to examine the regulation of ...
... endoglycosidase H, a commonly used marker for transit through the Golgi complex (42). A number of the mammalian Golgi glycosyltransferases havebeen cloned recently (1, 7, 17, 21, 25, 32, 45, 46, 53, 56) allowing a comparison of the polypeptide structures and the ability to examine the regulation of ...
Supplemental Figure Legends
... m was preserved in Ppif-/- MEFs. As a positive control, addition of 50 M carbonyl cyanide p-(trifluoromethoxy) phenylhydrazone (FCCP), a mitochondrial uncoupler, was able to dissipate mitochondrial in both Ppif+/+ and Ppif-/- MEFs (data were collected from 2 independent experiments each perfor ...
... m was preserved in Ppif-/- MEFs. As a positive control, addition of 50 M carbonyl cyanide p-(trifluoromethoxy) phenylhydrazone (FCCP), a mitochondrial uncoupler, was able to dissipate mitochondrial in both Ppif+/+ and Ppif-/- MEFs (data were collected from 2 independent experiments each perfor ...
HAUSP, a deubiquitinating enzyme for p53, is polyubiquitinated
... regions between nucleosomes. As expected, rHAUSP-transfected HeLa cells died completely. We observed extracted genomic DNA from apoptotic HeLa cells induced by rHAUSP and rHAUSP (C224S), visualized as DNA ladders, indicating that these cells are apoptotic (data not shown). We also investigated the e ...
... regions between nucleosomes. As expected, rHAUSP-transfected HeLa cells died completely. We observed extracted genomic DNA from apoptotic HeLa cells induced by rHAUSP and rHAUSP (C224S), visualized as DNA ladders, indicating that these cells are apoptotic (data not shown). We also investigated the e ...
The Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor KRP6 Induces Mitosis and
... never seen in Arabidopsis control lines that overexpressed GFP with a nuclear localization signal or RFP-TUA2 alone. To investigate the formation of these multinucleate cells coexpressing GFP-KRP6 and RFP-TUA2, we followed the course of cytokinesis using four-dimensional confocal timelapse microscop ...
... never seen in Arabidopsis control lines that overexpressed GFP with a nuclear localization signal or RFP-TUA2 alone. To investigate the formation of these multinucleate cells coexpressing GFP-KRP6 and RFP-TUA2, we followed the course of cytokinesis using four-dimensional confocal timelapse microscop ...
Sensitizing B Cells for TLR2 Ligands Cell
... recognized by the nucleotide oligomerization domain (Nod) receptors meso-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic acid (Nod1) and muramyl dipeptide (Nod2). These cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptors are involved in the innate immune recognition of bacteria (26 –31). Additionally, most peptidoglycan prepa ...
... recognized by the nucleotide oligomerization domain (Nod) receptors meso-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic acid (Nod1) and muramyl dipeptide (Nod2). These cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptors are involved in the innate immune recognition of bacteria (26 –31). Additionally, most peptidoglycan prepa ...
Universal Microfluidic System for Analysis and Control of Cell
... end-point biochemical or genetic analysis methods. This microfluidic system is a powerful platform for both fundamental and translational biomedical studies on cell signaling, and high-throughput dynamical screening of live cells with single-cell resolution. We used this system to investigate dynami ...
... end-point biochemical or genetic analysis methods. This microfluidic system is a powerful platform for both fundamental and translational biomedical studies on cell signaling, and high-throughput dynamical screening of live cells with single-cell resolution. We used this system to investigate dynami ...
IL-lra - Blood Journal
... effects on different cell types.' IL-I is the only cytokine for which a specific receptor antagonist, termed IL- 1 receptor antagonist (IL-Ira), has been identified and cloned.',' IL-Ira blocks IL-1 activities by its ability to bind, without agonistic activity, to IL-l receptors of both type I and 1 ...
... effects on different cell types.' IL-I is the only cytokine for which a specific receptor antagonist, termed IL- 1 receptor antagonist (IL-Ira), has been identified and cloned.',' IL-Ira blocks IL-1 activities by its ability to bind, without agonistic activity, to IL-l receptors of both type I and 1 ...
Developmental plasticity, cell fate specification and morphogenesis
... individual cells throughout preimplantation development have provided insights into when these early differences arise. The first experiments that involved tracking cells labelled with in vivo markers suggested that blastomeres are different from each other already at the 2-cell stage. By non-invasi ...
... individual cells throughout preimplantation development have provided insights into when these early differences arise. The first experiments that involved tracking cells labelled with in vivo markers suggested that blastomeres are different from each other already at the 2-cell stage. By non-invasi ...
Signaling from synapse to nucleus: the logic behind the mechanisms Karl Deisseroth
... typical nuclear messenger in these cells as CREB activation at Ser-133 shows marked Ca2þ channel-type specificity. Working alongside Ca2þ stores, many Ca2þ influx channels (including L-type, N-type, and P/Q-type Ca2þ channels as well as NMDA- and AMPA-type glutamate receptors) can cause a marked ele ...
... typical nuclear messenger in these cells as CREB activation at Ser-133 shows marked Ca2þ channel-type specificity. Working alongside Ca2þ stores, many Ca2þ influx channels (including L-type, N-type, and P/Q-type Ca2þ channels as well as NMDA- and AMPA-type glutamate receptors) can cause a marked ele ...
Fast lysis of Escherichia coli filament cells requires
... cells lysed faster and sacculi exhibited extremely sharp transverse cuts at positions which correspond with SMS activation sites in the ftsI cells. These characteristics suggest that the simultaneous inhibition of the synthetic enzymes in a relatively large number of densely packed biosynthetic comp ...
... cells lysed faster and sacculi exhibited extremely sharp transverse cuts at positions which correspond with SMS activation sites in the ftsI cells. These characteristics suggest that the simultaneous inhibition of the synthetic enzymes in a relatively large number of densely packed biosynthetic comp ...