Some Recent Work on the Structure of the Plant Cell Wall
... contribution that microchemistry is making toward solving the problems of cell wall structure. Microchemical studies of the plant cell wall have revealed it as a complex structure composed of distinct lamellae, the lamellae in turn being composed of one or more different chemical substances. The uni ...
... contribution that microchemistry is making toward solving the problems of cell wall structure. Microchemical studies of the plant cell wall have revealed it as a complex structure composed of distinct lamellae, the lamellae in turn being composed of one or more different chemical substances. The uni ...
Some Recent Work on the Structure of the Plant Cell Wall
... contribution that microchemistry is making toward solving the problems of cell wall structure. Microchemical studies of the plant cell wall have revealed it as a complex structure composed of distinct lamellae, the lamellae in turn being composed of one or more different chemical substances. The uni ...
... contribution that microchemistry is making toward solving the problems of cell wall structure. Microchemical studies of the plant cell wall have revealed it as a complex structure composed of distinct lamellae, the lamellae in turn being composed of one or more different chemical substances. The uni ...
Optimization of ERK Activity Biosensors for both Ratiometric and
... phosphatases, signaling proteins, cytoskeletal proteins, proteinases and apoptotic proteins [3]. These substrates can be expressed in a cell specific type manner, but their activation also relies on threshold effects, therefore, the duration and amplitude of ERK activity level are crucial for signal ...
... phosphatases, signaling proteins, cytoskeletal proteins, proteinases and apoptotic proteins [3]. These substrates can be expressed in a cell specific type manner, but their activation also relies on threshold effects, therefore, the duration and amplitude of ERK activity level are crucial for signal ...
Glutamine breakdown in rapidly dividing cells: waste or investment?
... cells may require large amounts of glutamine for biosynthetic purposes, only a limited amount (<5%) of the extracted glutamine is used for such pathways.(8) However, it is noteworthy that, in rapidly dividing cells, the flux through glutaminase greatly exceeds the capacity of the mitochondria to oxi ...
... cells may require large amounts of glutamine for biosynthetic purposes, only a limited amount (<5%) of the extracted glutamine is used for such pathways.(8) However, it is noteworthy that, in rapidly dividing cells, the flux through glutaminase greatly exceeds the capacity of the mitochondria to oxi ...
Induction of a Secondary Body Axis in Xenopus by Antibodies to
... epithelial cells. Only recently have their individual functions begun to be analyzed. ot-Catenin may fulfill the role of a cytoskeletal linker protein. It shares overall structural similarity and primary amino acid sequence homology with vinculin (14, 27), a protein known to be involved in actin fil ...
... epithelial cells. Only recently have their individual functions begun to be analyzed. ot-Catenin may fulfill the role of a cytoskeletal linker protein. It shares overall structural similarity and primary amino acid sequence homology with vinculin (14, 27), a protein known to be involved in actin fil ...
Epithelial differentiation and intercellular junction
... The expression and membrane assembly of cingulin in the early embryo shows a pattern both complex and quite distinct from that of ZO-1 (Javed et al., 1992; Fleming et al., 1992). The complexity of cingulin expression is due mainly to the fact that the protein is synthesised not only by the embryonic ...
... The expression and membrane assembly of cingulin in the early embryo shows a pattern both complex and quite distinct from that of ZO-1 (Javed et al., 1992; Fleming et al., 1992). The complexity of cingulin expression is due mainly to the fact that the protein is synthesised not only by the embryonic ...
Molecular General and Genetics
... Isozyme-speci®c probes were prepared by PCR ampli®cation of the 3¢-untranslated regions of swpa1 and swpn1. In this region they showed only 56% identity, which indicates that they are speci®c for their respective genes. In a preliminary experiment these isozyme-speci®c probes did not cross-hybridize ...
... Isozyme-speci®c probes were prepared by PCR ampli®cation of the 3¢-untranslated regions of swpa1 and swpn1. In this region they showed only 56% identity, which indicates that they are speci®c for their respective genes. In a preliminary experiment these isozyme-speci®c probes did not cross-hybridize ...
The water of life: osmoregulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
... Interactions between the target of rapamycin (TOR) and the CWI pathways during nutrient stress, and effects on osmotolerance ...
... Interactions between the target of rapamycin (TOR) and the CWI pathways during nutrient stress, and effects on osmotolerance ...
Inducible Gene Targeting in Postnatal Myocardium by Cardiac
... promoter alone, ␣MHC-Cre, or ␣MHC-CrePR1, in the presence or absence of RU486. CAG-CATZ harbors a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene flanked by loxP sites and driven by the chicken -actin promoter15; downstream of CAT is the Escherichia coli -gal gene (lacZ; Figure 1B). In the absence of ...
... promoter alone, ␣MHC-Cre, or ␣MHC-CrePR1, in the presence or absence of RU486. CAG-CATZ harbors a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene flanked by loxP sites and driven by the chicken -actin promoter15; downstream of CAT is the Escherichia coli -gal gene (lacZ; Figure 1B). In the absence of ...
Programmed cell death during plant growth and development
... and white campion (Grant et al, 1994), results from the programmed death of preformed sex organs (recently reviewed by Dellaporta and Calderon-Urrea, 1993). In maize, pcd in both male and female sex organs is characterized by increased vacuolation and loss of organelles (Cheng et al, 1983). Outwardl ...
... and white campion (Grant et al, 1994), results from the programmed death of preformed sex organs (recently reviewed by Dellaporta and Calderon-Urrea, 1993). In maize, pcd in both male and female sex organs is characterized by increased vacuolation and loss of organelles (Cheng et al, 1983). Outwardl ...
Surface Charge Distribution on the Endothelial Cell of Liver Sinusoids
... sinusoid capillaries was investigated by using electron microscopic tracers of different size and charge. The tracers used were native ferritin (pl 4 .2-4.7) and its cationized (pl 8.4) and anionized (pl 3 .7) derivatives, BSA coupled to colloidal gold (pl of the complex 5.1), hemeundecapeptide (pl ...
... sinusoid capillaries was investigated by using electron microscopic tracers of different size and charge. The tracers used were native ferritin (pl 4 .2-4.7) and its cationized (pl 8.4) and anionized (pl 3 .7) derivatives, BSA coupled to colloidal gold (pl of the complex 5.1), hemeundecapeptide (pl ...
Chewing the fat on natural killer T cell development
... the strongest candidate ligand for NKT cell selection. It is important to add that even if LSD by itself impairs NKT cell development, this does not automatically exclude iGb3 as the candidate ligand (Fig. 1). However, more definitive studies are clearly necessary to test the hypothesis that iGb3 is ...
... the strongest candidate ligand for NKT cell selection. It is important to add that even if LSD by itself impairs NKT cell development, this does not automatically exclude iGb3 as the candidate ligand (Fig. 1). However, more definitive studies are clearly necessary to test the hypothesis that iGb3 is ...
Gene Expression in Bone Cells
... higher doses and earlier treatments of GM-CSF result in greater suppression of osteoclast formation. To understand the TRAP negative mononuclear cell phenotype, various osteoclast related markers and nuclear factors were tested using quantitative real-time PCR. GM-CSF suppressed the mRNA expression ...
... higher doses and earlier treatments of GM-CSF result in greater suppression of osteoclast formation. To understand the TRAP negative mononuclear cell phenotype, various osteoclast related markers and nuclear factors were tested using quantitative real-time PCR. GM-CSF suppressed the mRNA expression ...
The Arabidopsis Callose Synthase Gene GSL8 Is
... gaps in their walls. However, many stomata and meristemoids in contact had apparently intact cell walls throughout their cell depth (data not shown), suggesting that local cytokinesis defects were not directly responsible for stomatal pattern violations. GSL8 Is Widely Expressed ...
... gaps in their walls. However, many stomata and meristemoids in contact had apparently intact cell walls throughout their cell depth (data not shown), suggesting that local cytokinesis defects were not directly responsible for stomatal pattern violations. GSL8 Is Widely Expressed ...
ii. synthetic analogues to target the membrane ci-m6pr - HAL
... and the deduced amino acid sequence for the CI-M6PR, were reported to be strikingly similar (99.4% identical in the amino acid sequence) to those reported for the human insulin-like growth factor II (IGFII) receptor from HepG2 hepatoma cells [23]. These findings supported the suggestion that CI-M6PR ...
... and the deduced amino acid sequence for the CI-M6PR, were reported to be strikingly similar (99.4% identical in the amino acid sequence) to those reported for the human insulin-like growth factor II (IGFII) receptor from HepG2 hepatoma cells [23]. These findings supported the suggestion that CI-M6PR ...
The tubby-like proteins - Journal of Cell Science
... Fig. 2. Proposed molecular functions of TULPs. (a) TUB as a mediator of insulin signaling. TUB is phosphorylated by the insulin receptor kinase domain, as well as by ABL and JAK2. This phosphorylation increases the binding capacity of TUB for proteins that have SH2 domains, such as PLC-γ. (b) TUB as ...
... Fig. 2. Proposed molecular functions of TULPs. (a) TUB as a mediator of insulin signaling. TUB is phosphorylated by the insulin receptor kinase domain, as well as by ABL and JAK2. This phosphorylation increases the binding capacity of TUB for proteins that have SH2 domains, such as PLC-γ. (b) TUB as ...
Molecular profiling of single circulating tumor cells with
... et al, 2008). As metastatic tissue is often inaccessible and substantial heterogeneity has been shown between both the primary tumor and its metastases as well as between different metastases of an individual patient (Stoecklein & Klein, 2010; Almendro et al, 2014), molecular CTC analysis could serv ...
... et al, 2008). As metastatic tissue is often inaccessible and substantial heterogeneity has been shown between both the primary tumor and its metastases as well as between different metastases of an individual patient (Stoecklein & Klein, 2010; Almendro et al, 2014), molecular CTC analysis could serv ...
The roles of two C. elegans HOX co-factor orthologs
... characterized mutations in two genes: ceh-20, which encodes the C. elegans ortholog of the Hox co-factor Extradenticle (Exd/Pbx); and unc-62, which encodes the C. elegans ortholog of the Hox co-factor Homothorax (Hth/Meis/Prep). Like Hox mutations, mutations in these co-factors influence multiple ce ...
... characterized mutations in two genes: ceh-20, which encodes the C. elegans ortholog of the Hox co-factor Extradenticle (Exd/Pbx); and unc-62, which encodes the C. elegans ortholog of the Hox co-factor Homothorax (Hth/Meis/Prep). Like Hox mutations, mutations in these co-factors influence multiple ce ...
Size evolution in microorganisms masks trade-offs
... rate, mmax and competitive ability for phosphorus, CP. The GRH predicts a negative relationship (grey lines), whereas the SH predicts that variability in organism sizes (circles) masks the GRH’s predicted trade-off which may still occur for a given cell size (grey dotted lines) and produces a positi ...
... rate, mmax and competitive ability for phosphorus, CP. The GRH predicts a negative relationship (grey lines), whereas the SH predicts that variability in organism sizes (circles) masks the GRH’s predicted trade-off which may still occur for a given cell size (grey dotted lines) and produces a positi ...
Molecular profiling of single circulating tumor cells with diagnostic
... et al, 2008). As metastatic tissue is often inaccessible and substantial heterogeneity has been shown between both the primary tumor and its metastases as well as between different metastases of an individual patient (Stoecklein & Klein, 2010; Almendro et al, 2014), molecular CTC analysis could serv ...
... et al, 2008). As metastatic tissue is often inaccessible and substantial heterogeneity has been shown between both the primary tumor and its metastases as well as between different metastases of an individual patient (Stoecklein & Klein, 2010; Almendro et al, 2014), molecular CTC analysis could serv ...
Functional and Evolutionary Analysis of the CASPARIAN STRIP
... Asp residue in TM3 (AtCASP1D134H), we did not recover any lines in which fluorescence was visible, which suggests that this residue is essential for correct protein folding (Supplemental Table S4). In EL2, mutations of residues conserved only in the CASP subgroup (CASPL1A) did not affect the localiza ...
... Asp residue in TM3 (AtCASP1D134H), we did not recover any lines in which fluorescence was visible, which suggests that this residue is essential for correct protein folding (Supplemental Table S4). In EL2, mutations of residues conserved only in the CASP subgroup (CASPL1A) did not affect the localiza ...
emboj7601781-sup
... (A) Specificity of XRab40 Mo. EGFP-XRab40 mRNA was coexpressed with mRFP in the animal regions. (B) Mo target XRab40 mRNA was expressed together with mRFP and XRab40 Mo (2 pmol) in the animal regions. (C) Specificity of XCullin5 Mo. EGFP-Mo sensitive XCul5 mRNA (500 pg) was coexpressed with RFP-Mo r ...
... (A) Specificity of XRab40 Mo. EGFP-XRab40 mRNA was coexpressed with mRFP in the animal regions. (B) Mo target XRab40 mRNA was expressed together with mRFP and XRab40 Mo (2 pmol) in the animal regions. (C) Specificity of XCullin5 Mo. EGFP-Mo sensitive XCul5 mRNA (500 pg) was coexpressed with RFP-Mo r ...
Head-tail patterning of the vertebrate embryo: one, two or many
... in mind when trying to understand the mechanisms responsible cell interactions. On the other hand, there is indeed some evifor these patterning events. dence that Hox gene boundaries are initially set up during gastruThere may also be some very significant differences between lation (before axial el ...
... in mind when trying to understand the mechanisms responsible cell interactions. On the other hand, there is indeed some evifor these patterning events. dence that Hox gene boundaries are initially set up during gastruThere may also be some very significant differences between lation (before axial el ...
Plant Signaling and Behavior
... Masym3 and wild-type M. alba root hairs respond to the Nod/pTZS+ strain by swelling and deforming, respectively.31 Based on this result, we hypothesized that Masym3 roots were likely to respond to cytokinin by showing an upregulation of genes involved early on in the nodulation pathway. We further i ...
... Masym3 and wild-type M. alba root hairs respond to the Nod/pTZS+ strain by swelling and deforming, respectively.31 Based on this result, we hypothesized that Masym3 roots were likely to respond to cytokinin by showing an upregulation of genes involved early on in the nodulation pathway. We further i ...