Functional cross‐kingdom conservation of mammalian and moss
... production of difficult-to-express protein therapeutics (Weber and Fussenegger, 2007). In mammalian cells, the initiation of translation is typically managed by a cap structure which is post-transcriptionally attached to the 5′ end of mRNAs (Kozak, 1989). Alternatively, internal ribosome entry sites ...
... production of difficult-to-express protein therapeutics (Weber and Fussenegger, 2007). In mammalian cells, the initiation of translation is typically managed by a cap structure which is post-transcriptionally attached to the 5′ end of mRNAs (Kozak, 1989). Alternatively, internal ribosome entry sites ...
Neuronal Growth Cone Retraction Relies Upon Proneurotrophin
... a GEF for Rac (18). To assess whether proNGF-induced growth cone collapse is a consequence of the inactivation of Trio and thereby Rac, we used the Cdc42/Rac interactive binding (CRIB) domain of the Rac effector p21-activated kinase (PAK-CRIB) to isolate and purify activated Rac (19). ProNGF exposur ...
... a GEF for Rac (18). To assess whether proNGF-induced growth cone collapse is a consequence of the inactivation of Trio and thereby Rac, we used the Cdc42/Rac interactive binding (CRIB) domain of the Rac effector p21-activated kinase (PAK-CRIB) to isolate and purify activated Rac (19). ProNGF exposur ...
NAC Transcription Factor SPEEDY HYPONASTIC
... SHYG contains a NAM domain (pfam02365) at its N terminus. Its coding region consists of three exons, interrupted by two introns. The SHYG protein does not have a transmembrane domain, which otherwise is present in some NAC TFs (Seo et al., 2008). We analyzed public transcriptome data and found that ...
... SHYG contains a NAM domain (pfam02365) at its N terminus. Its coding region consists of three exons, interrupted by two introns. The SHYG protein does not have a transmembrane domain, which otherwise is present in some NAC TFs (Seo et al., 2008). We analyzed public transcriptome data and found that ...
Inhibition of Cyclin-dependent Kinase Activity Triggers Neuronal
... active heterodimeric transcription factors that drive muscle-specific gene expression (Gu et al., 1993). However, additional differentiation pathways are likely to be regulated by pRb, since loss of RB1 affects the differentiation state of neurons, lens fibre cells, retina cells and cells from the c ...
... active heterodimeric transcription factors that drive muscle-specific gene expression (Gu et al., 1993). However, additional differentiation pathways are likely to be regulated by pRb, since loss of RB1 affects the differentiation state of neurons, lens fibre cells, retina cells and cells from the c ...
Local Accumulation of Acetylcholine Receptors Is
... display reversed receptor distributions compared to untreated controls, indicating that electromigration has indeed been reversed. The rate at which neuraminidaseand trypsin-treated cells approach steadystate distributions indicates a receptor diffusion constant of = 1.2 x 1 O-s cm%ec, consistent wi ...
... display reversed receptor distributions compared to untreated controls, indicating that electromigration has indeed been reversed. The rate at which neuraminidaseand trypsin-treated cells approach steadystate distributions indicates a receptor diffusion constant of = 1.2 x 1 O-s cm%ec, consistent wi ...
Carbohydrates and Glycobiology
... an amino group. The amino group is nearly always condensed with acetic acid, as in N-acetylglucosamine. This glucosamine derivative is part of many structural polymers, including those of the bacterial cell wall. Bacterial cell walls also contain a derivative of glucosamine called N-acetylmuramic ac ...
... an amino group. The amino group is nearly always condensed with acetic acid, as in N-acetylglucosamine. This glucosamine derivative is part of many structural polymers, including those of the bacterial cell wall. Bacterial cell walls also contain a derivative of glucosamine called N-acetylmuramic ac ...
Document
... associated with CM1 and protection against to intracellular pathogens such as leishmania [5], whereas activation of a Th2 cells produce IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-13 and IgG2a that is accompanied with humoral immunity [6,7,8]. There are a number of factors direct the commitment of naive CD4+ T ...
... associated with CM1 and protection against to intracellular pathogens such as leishmania [5], whereas activation of a Th2 cells produce IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-13 and IgG2a that is accompanied with humoral immunity [6,7,8]. There are a number of factors direct the commitment of naive CD4+ T ...
Peptide signalling during angiosperm seed
... two predictions, which we feel could emerge from consideration of the situation outlined above. First, we propose that the fact that the concomitant development of the embryo and endosperm evolved from a situation in which their development was effectively independent (as in gymnosperms) may mean th ...
... two predictions, which we feel could emerge from consideration of the situation outlined above. First, we propose that the fact that the concomitant development of the embryo and endosperm evolved from a situation in which their development was effectively independent (as in gymnosperms) may mean th ...
Post-transcriptional control of gene expression: a genome
... most transcripts, usually occurs by changes in the phosphorylation state of translation initiation factors and by adjusting the number of available ribosomes. Transcript-specific regulation, by contrast, modulates the translation of a distinct group of mRNAs and is mediated by a large diversity of m ...
... most transcripts, usually occurs by changes in the phosphorylation state of translation initiation factors and by adjusting the number of available ribosomes. Transcript-specific regulation, by contrast, modulates the translation of a distinct group of mRNAs and is mediated by a large diversity of m ...
Introduction Cell Cycle
... the cell’s strategy that its mass at initiation of DNA replication is about twice the minimal size of a cell to survive. In other words, cells undergoing growth inhibition after initiation of DNA replication (arrow) will, upon division, produce two daughter cells of minimal size, that are still viab ...
... the cell’s strategy that its mass at initiation of DNA replication is about twice the minimal size of a cell to survive. In other words, cells undergoing growth inhibition after initiation of DNA replication (arrow) will, upon division, produce two daughter cells of minimal size, that are still viab ...
Cnidarians: An evolutionarily conserved model system for
... and insects. Although little is known to date about cnidarian embryogenesis on the molecular level, new molecular data indicate that some of the homologous genes involved in bilaterian embryogenesis act during cnidarian regeneration. Therefore, the intriguing possibility exists that a common set of ...
... and insects. Although little is known to date about cnidarian embryogenesis on the molecular level, new molecular data indicate that some of the homologous genes involved in bilaterian embryogenesis act during cnidarian regeneration. Therefore, the intriguing possibility exists that a common set of ...
PDF
... (sharing 90% amino acid similarity in their bHLH domains and 40% similarity overall), SPEECHLESS (SPCH), MUTE and FAMA, are successively required for the transitions between the major cell types in the stomatal lineage (Fig. 1) (MacAlister et al., 2007; Pillitteri et al., 2007; Ohashi-Ito and Bergma ...
... (sharing 90% amino acid similarity in their bHLH domains and 40% similarity overall), SPEECHLESS (SPCH), MUTE and FAMA, are successively required for the transitions between the major cell types in the stomatal lineage (Fig. 1) (MacAlister et al., 2007; Pillitteri et al., 2007; Ohashi-Ito and Bergma ...
Stomatal development - The Company of Biologists
... (sharing 90% amino acid similarity in their bHLH domains and 40% similarity overall), SPEECHLESS (SPCH), MUTE and FAMA, are successively required for the transitions between the major cell types in the stomatal lineage (Fig. 1) (MacAlister et al., 2007; Pillitteri et al., 2007; Ohashi-Ito and Bergma ...
... (sharing 90% amino acid similarity in their bHLH domains and 40% similarity overall), SPEECHLESS (SPCH), MUTE and FAMA, are successively required for the transitions between the major cell types in the stomatal lineage (Fig. 1) (MacAlister et al., 2007; Pillitteri et al., 2007; Ohashi-Ito and Bergma ...
Role of the p53 Tumor Suppressor Gene in Cell Cycle Arrest and
... seven cases where p53 was determined to be wild type, two lines, JLP119 and EW36, showed a reduced ability to arrest in G! following radiation. This suggested that JLP119 and EW36 cells have a defect in another part of the pathway that controls G, arrest following ionizing radiation. Inactivation of ...
... seven cases where p53 was determined to be wild type, two lines, JLP119 and EW36, showed a reduced ability to arrest in G! following radiation. This suggested that JLP119 and EW36 cells have a defect in another part of the pathway that controls G, arrest following ionizing radiation. Inactivation of ...
Cell cycle control of cell morphogenesis in Caulobacter Jennifer C
... through the activity of the flbT gene product, FlbT [39,40••]. The half-life of fljK mRNA in strains with mutations in flbT is greater than 45 minutes [39]. FlbT promotes degradation of mRNA by binding directly to the message, and in vitro experiments have demonstrated that this binding activity req ...
... through the activity of the flbT gene product, FlbT [39,40••]. The half-life of fljK mRNA in strains with mutations in flbT is greater than 45 minutes [39]. FlbT promotes degradation of mRNA by binding directly to the message, and in vitro experiments have demonstrated that this binding activity req ...
NLR functions in plant and animal immune systems: so far and yet
... The NLR families in both phyla belong to the STAND (signal-transduction ATPases with numerous domains) P-loop ATPases of the AAA+ superfamily whose functions are unusually complex because regulatory switch, scaffolding and sensory moieties, as well as signal-generating moieties, are combined into a ...
... The NLR families in both phyla belong to the STAND (signal-transduction ATPases with numerous domains) P-loop ATPases of the AAA+ superfamily whose functions are unusually complex because regulatory switch, scaffolding and sensory moieties, as well as signal-generating moieties, are combined into a ...
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate response
... target genes that control IH and to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of these candidate molecules in animal models. Methods: Using microarray analysis of human vein graft samples, we identified two previously unrecognized IH-related genes, mitogen-activated protein kinase–activated protein kinas ...
... target genes that control IH and to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of these candidate molecules in animal models. Methods: Using microarray analysis of human vein graft samples, we identified two previously unrecognized IH-related genes, mitogen-activated protein kinase–activated protein kinas ...
pdf: Xu et al. 2008
... We identified two highly similar LRR-RLKs (82% amino acid identity) (Figure 1A; see Supplemental Figure 1 online) that when both disrupted caused a swollen-root phenotype (Figures 1 and 2). We named these kinases FEI, after the Chinese word for fat. FEI1 (At1g31420) and FEI2 (At2g35620) are in the s ...
... We identified two highly similar LRR-RLKs (82% amino acid identity) (Figure 1A; see Supplemental Figure 1 online) that when both disrupted caused a swollen-root phenotype (Figures 1 and 2). We named these kinases FEI, after the Chinese word for fat. FEI1 (At1g31420) and FEI2 (At2g35620) are in the s ...
Title Non-coding functions of alternative pre-mRNA - DR-NTU
... hormone-related protein (PTHrP) involved in bone development gives rise to 139, 173 or 141 amino acid (aa)-long protein species [64]. Of the three mRNA isoforms, the one encoding the 141 aa-long protein is the least stable due to the presence of AREs in its 3’UTR. However, exposure to Tgfβ results i ...
... hormone-related protein (PTHrP) involved in bone development gives rise to 139, 173 or 141 amino acid (aa)-long protein species [64]. Of the three mRNA isoforms, the one encoding the 141 aa-long protein is the least stable due to the presence of AREs in its 3’UTR. However, exposure to Tgfβ results i ...
The Arabidopsis SPIKE1 Gene Is Required for Normal Cell Shape
... insertion to the 18th intron of a large open reading frame on chromosome 4 (Figure 4A). DNA gel blots of genomic DNA from wild-type and mutant plants confirmed that the flanking genomic sequences are linked to the T-DNA and defined an 81-bp interval within which the effects of the insertion were lim ...
... insertion to the 18th intron of a large open reading frame on chromosome 4 (Figure 4A). DNA gel blots of genomic DNA from wild-type and mutant plants confirmed that the flanking genomic sequences are linked to the T-DNA and defined an 81-bp interval within which the effects of the insertion were lim ...
The chimeric leucine-rich repeat/extensin cell wall protein
... sequences [SP5(Y/S)SKMSPSVRAY; SP4YVYS; SP4(S/ V)P(V/L)YYPxVTx, where x is P, Q, S, N, or Y], constitute much of the carboxy-terminal domain of LRX1 (Fig. 1B). The extensin domain contains nine Tyr-x-Tyr triplets, which are considered as potential sites for either intra- or intermolecular covalent c ...
... sequences [SP5(Y/S)SKMSPSVRAY; SP4YVYS; SP4(S/ V)P(V/L)YYPxVTx, where x is P, Q, S, N, or Y], constitute much of the carboxy-terminal domain of LRX1 (Fig. 1B). The extensin domain contains nine Tyr-x-Tyr triplets, which are considered as potential sites for either intra- or intermolecular covalent c ...