Evolutionary tradeoffs in cellular composition across
... increasing cell size, while βi41 leads to an increasing fraction of cell volume. In either case, if βi≠1, then there will be a size at which the component volume equals total cell volume, implying a limitation because extrapolation beyond this point would produce Ci4Vc, which is impossible. It shoul ...
... increasing cell size, while βi41 leads to an increasing fraction of cell volume. In either case, if βi≠1, then there will be a size at which the component volume equals total cell volume, implying a limitation because extrapolation beyond this point would produce Ci4Vc, which is impossible. It shoul ...
A COMPARISON OF THE CYTOPLASMIC CHANGES INDUCED IN
... information concerning its nature. The generally accepted conception is that it is a fluid component of cytoplasm, probably ubiquitous, capable of reducing osmic acid, is generally polar in secretory type cells, and probably composed of both proteids and fats with the fats predominating. Among other ...
... information concerning its nature. The generally accepted conception is that it is a fluid component of cytoplasm, probably ubiquitous, capable of reducing osmic acid, is generally polar in secretory type cells, and probably composed of both proteids and fats with the fats predominating. Among other ...
Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells CCL19 Gene Expression in
... Transcription of cytokine and chemokine genes requires the controlled action of multiple transcription factors activated by microbes or their structural components. Activated transcription factors bind to the regulatory elements of cytokine/chemokine genes, and may either repress or activate the tra ...
... Transcription of cytokine and chemokine genes requires the controlled action of multiple transcription factors activated by microbes or their structural components. Activated transcription factors bind to the regulatory elements of cytokine/chemokine genes, and may either repress or activate the tra ...
non-RD - Crop Genetics Innovation
... defense signaling. Together with the EIX observations, these results indicate that SERKs can play both positive and negative roles in PRR signaling. Schwessinger et al., 2011 recently showed that BAK1 kinase activity is required for innate immune signaling by FLS2 and EFR but not for complex formati ...
... defense signaling. Together with the EIX observations, these results indicate that SERKs can play both positive and negative roles in PRR signaling. Schwessinger et al., 2011 recently showed that BAK1 kinase activity is required for innate immune signaling by FLS2 and EFR but not for complex formati ...
Early Embryogenesis in Flowering Plants: Setting Up the Basic Body
... In many species, the egg cell has its nucleus located toward the chalazal end of the ovule (i.e., apically) and usually has a large vacuole located toward the micropylar end (i.e., basally). This is, for example, the case in A. thaliana, Capsella bursa-pastoris, and Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco), in a ...
... In many species, the egg cell has its nucleus located toward the chalazal end of the ovule (i.e., apically) and usually has a large vacuole located toward the micropylar end (i.e., basally). This is, for example, the case in A. thaliana, Capsella bursa-pastoris, and Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco), in a ...
Melanization and Hemocyte Homeostasis in the Freshwater
... form of antibodies, which are proteins that are produced by cells of lymphoid lineage within the adaptive immune system (Jiravanichpaisal et al. 2006). The innate system is an important first line of defense that discriminates self from non-self molecules and recognizes conserved molecules produced ...
... form of antibodies, which are proteins that are produced by cells of lymphoid lineage within the adaptive immune system (Jiravanichpaisal et al. 2006). The innate system is an important first line of defense that discriminates self from non-self molecules and recognizes conserved molecules produced ...
The Molecular Organization of Endothelial Cell to
... immunoglobulins to ct-catenin or 5 #g/ml immunoglobulins to/~-catenin in blocking buffer). This was followed by a 60-min incubation with rabbit anti-mouse or rabbit anti-rat IgG, when required, (20 #g/ml; DAKOPATTS, Glostrup, Denmark) and a 90-rain incubation with 125Iodine-labeled protein A ('MOs c ...
... immunoglobulins to ct-catenin or 5 #g/ml immunoglobulins to/~-catenin in blocking buffer). This was followed by a 60-min incubation with rabbit anti-mouse or rabbit anti-rat IgG, when required, (20 #g/ml; DAKOPATTS, Glostrup, Denmark) and a 90-rain incubation with 125Iodine-labeled protein A ('MOs c ...
Review Article Macrophage Plasticity and the - e
... the injured tissues, where they produce proin�ammatory cytokines and phagocytose dying or apoptotic cells. In the blood, circulating monocytes can be classi�ed into at least two populations that are distinguishable by their expression levels of Ly-6C (also known as GR1) and of chemokine receptors CC ...
... the injured tissues, where they produce proin�ammatory cytokines and phagocytose dying or apoptotic cells. In the blood, circulating monocytes can be classi�ed into at least two populations that are distinguishable by their expression levels of Ly-6C (also known as GR1) and of chemokine receptors CC ...
Changes in Pectin Structure during Epidermal Cell Elongation in
... techniques has demonstrated different degrees of methylesterification among different cell types within a plant tissue during the course of plant development (Casero and Knox 1995, Knox et al. 1990, Liners et al. 1994, Steele et al. 1997). There has been reported to be a distinct zonation of pectic ...
... techniques has demonstrated different degrees of methylesterification among different cell types within a plant tissue during the course of plant development (Casero and Knox 1995, Knox et al. 1990, Liners et al. 1994, Steele et al. 1997). There has been reported to be a distinct zonation of pectic ...
Delamination of neural crest cells requires transient
... Dact1/2 exhibited a conserved expression in the premigratory NC, we set out to test whether these proteins influence NC development. To study the role of Dact2 in chick embryos, we generated short-hairpin (sh)-RNAs specific for the chick Dact2 sequence (Fig. S2A-D) and we found that they reduced Dac ...
... Dact1/2 exhibited a conserved expression in the premigratory NC, we set out to test whether these proteins influence NC development. To study the role of Dact2 in chick embryos, we generated short-hairpin (sh)-RNAs specific for the chick Dact2 sequence (Fig. S2A-D) and we found that they reduced Dac ...
Fibroblast activation protein is induced by
... this context has not been investigated. Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is a membrane-bound, constitutively active serine protease expressed by activated fibroblasts in epithelial tumour stroma, arthritis, and wound healing, but remains virtually undetectable in healthy tissues.15 – 17 Fibroblas ...
... this context has not been investigated. Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is a membrane-bound, constitutively active serine protease expressed by activated fibroblasts in epithelial tumour stroma, arthritis, and wound healing, but remains virtually undetectable in healthy tissues.15 – 17 Fibroblas ...
Neurotrophins: the biological paradox of survival factors
... potential death-inducing agents is not original, since several in vivo studies had previously indicated that NGF might act as a death inducing agent. Injection of the 192-IgG monoclonal antibody specific for rat p75 (Chandler et al, 1984; Taniuchi and Johnson, 1985) resulted in decreased number of c ...
... potential death-inducing agents is not original, since several in vivo studies had previously indicated that NGF might act as a death inducing agent. Injection of the 192-IgG monoclonal antibody specific for rat p75 (Chandler et al, 1984; Taniuchi and Johnson, 1985) resulted in decreased number of c ...
Brassinosteroid Signal Transduction from Receptor Kinases to
... retention of the mutant protein in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) due to protein misfolding. Genetic screens for suppressors of these alleles have identified components of the ER quality-control system that mediate retention and processing of the misfolded bri1 proteins ...
... retention of the mutant protein in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) due to protein misfolding. Genetic screens for suppressors of these alleles have identified components of the ER quality-control system that mediate retention and processing of the misfolded bri1 proteins ...
necessary amino acids and vitamins
... which attached to the glass was estimated with an inverted microscope by measuring the average number attached cells per field-of-view. This value was used to calculate the number of population divisions. The percent attachment values from all passages in a given series were averaged and this value ...
... which attached to the glass was estimated with an inverted microscope by measuring the average number attached cells per field-of-view. This value was used to calculate the number of population divisions. The percent attachment values from all passages in a given series were averaged and this value ...
A Vacuolar Processing Enzyme, dVPE, Is Involved in Seed Coat
... reported that mouse VPE, which is also referred to as legumain, plays a critical role in the endosomal/lysosomal degradation of kidney cells (Shirahama-Noda et al., 2003). VPE is synthesized as an inactive proprotein precursor. The C-terminal and N-terminal propeptides are sequentially removed autoc ...
... reported that mouse VPE, which is also referred to as legumain, plays a critical role in the endosomal/lysosomal degradation of kidney cells (Shirahama-Noda et al., 2003). VPE is synthesized as an inactive proprotein precursor. The C-terminal and N-terminal propeptides are sequentially removed autoc ...
The a4 Nicotinic Receptor Promotes CD4 T
... Detection of a4 nAChR Protein Expression in Immune Cells. The nAChRs in immune cells have been identified where they play an important role in cholinergic control of immunity (Kawashima and Fujii, 2003; Skok et al., 2007). To determine the expression of a4 nAChRs, we isolated a4expressing cells (a41 ...
... Detection of a4 nAChR Protein Expression in Immune Cells. The nAChRs in immune cells have been identified where they play an important role in cholinergic control of immunity (Kawashima and Fujii, 2003; Skok et al., 2007). To determine the expression of a4 nAChRs, we isolated a4expressing cells (a41 ...
The cell cycle and pluripotency
... The eukaryotic cell cycle refers to the series of events comprising the sequential actions, during proliferation, of synthesis of DNA (S-phase) and cell division (M-phase) with intervening gap phases to allow cell growth (G1 -phase, after M- but before S-phase) and to check the integrity of genomic ...
... The eukaryotic cell cycle refers to the series of events comprising the sequential actions, during proliferation, of synthesis of DNA (S-phase) and cell division (M-phase) with intervening gap phases to allow cell growth (G1 -phase, after M- but before S-phase) and to check the integrity of genomic ...
Switching the Cell Cycle. Kip-Related Proteins in Plant Cell
... Aurine Verkest, Christina Weinl, Dirk Inzé, Lieven De Veylder*, and Arp Schnittger Department of Plant Systems Biology, Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology, Ghent University, B–9052 Ghent, Belgium (A.V., D.I., L.D.V.); and University Group at the Max-Planck-Institute for Plant Bree ...
... Aurine Verkest, Christina Weinl, Dirk Inzé, Lieven De Veylder*, and Arp Schnittger Department of Plant Systems Biology, Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology, Ghent University, B–9052 Ghent, Belgium (A.V., D.I., L.D.V.); and University Group at the Max-Planck-Institute for Plant Bree ...
Induction of the Stem-like Cell Regulator CD44
... efficiency from primary colon cancer cells To isolate and expand cancer-initiating cells from primary colon cancer, we dissected and cultivated primary cancer cells under spheroid culture conditions (5). In an attempt to establish the optimum conditions for the maintenance and growth of cancer-initia ...
... efficiency from primary colon cancer cells To isolate and expand cancer-initiating cells from primary colon cancer, we dissected and cultivated primary cancer cells under spheroid culture conditions (5). In an attempt to establish the optimum conditions for the maintenance and growth of cancer-initia ...
Molecular signatures of T-cell inhibition in HIV-1 infection
... Cellular immune responses play a crucial role in the control of viral replication in HIV-infected individuals. However, the virus succeeds in exploiting the immune system to its advantage and therefore, the host ultimately fails to control the virus leading to development of terminal AIDS. The virus ...
... Cellular immune responses play a crucial role in the control of viral replication in HIV-infected individuals. However, the virus succeeds in exploiting the immune system to its advantage and therefore, the host ultimately fails to control the virus leading to development of terminal AIDS. The virus ...
Leuprorelin rescues polyglutamine
... cord11 and some other visceral organs12. The presence of nuclear inclusions is also a pathological hallmark in most other polyQ diseases, and is considered to be relevant to pathophysiology10. Although the entire mechanism of polyQ-induced neuronal dysfunction and subsequent cell loss has not been c ...
... cord11 and some other visceral organs12. The presence of nuclear inclusions is also a pathological hallmark in most other polyQ diseases, and is considered to be relevant to pathophysiology10. Although the entire mechanism of polyQ-induced neuronal dysfunction and subsequent cell loss has not been c ...
A Model for Cell Proliferation in a Developing Organism
... Proliferation. A cell is selected uniformly at random. If the cell at site i is selected, it moves to site i + 1 pushing all cells to the right of it up by one. A new unmarked cell now occupies site i. Times between proliferation events are iid exp(λ). Equivalently. You can think of independent homo ...
... Proliferation. A cell is selected uniformly at random. If the cell at site i is selected, it moves to site i + 1 pushing all cells to the right of it up by one. A new unmarked cell now occupies site i. Times between proliferation events are iid exp(λ). Equivalently. You can think of independent homo ...