Differential Expression Control and Polarized Distribution of Plasma
... cell (Fig. 1F, H, I). Although in non-dividing cells the fluorescence of GFP–SYP132 was only detected on the PM, in dividing cells its fluorescence was also observed in cytosolic punctate structures in addition to the cell plates (asterisks in Fig. 1F). It has been reported elsewhere that PM-localized ...
... cell (Fig. 1F, H, I). Although in non-dividing cells the fluorescence of GFP–SYP132 was only detected on the PM, in dividing cells its fluorescence was also observed in cytosolic punctate structures in addition to the cell plates (asterisks in Fig. 1F). It has been reported elsewhere that PM-localized ...
The Arabidopsis Exocyst Complex Is Involved in Cytokinesis and
... paralog whose mutation produced a readily discernible developmental phenotype (see below). We previously reported that the full-length EXO84b strongly autoactivates the reporter genes in the GAL4-based yeast two-hybrid system, thus hampering analysis of its interactors (Hála et al., 2008). To overc ...
... paralog whose mutation produced a readily discernible developmental phenotype (see below). We previously reported that the full-length EXO84b strongly autoactivates the reporter genes in the GAL4-based yeast two-hybrid system, thus hampering analysis of its interactors (Hála et al., 2008). To overc ...
Pea3 Transcription Factor Family Members Etv4 and Etv5 Mediate
... Figure 1. Developmental expression and localization of Etv4 and Etv5 in DRG neurons. A, Quantitative analysis of developmental expression of Etv4 and Etv5 mRNA by real-time PCR in DRG neurons in E12, E15, E17, and newborn (P0) mice. Expression at each age was normalized to that of the housekeeping g ...
... Figure 1. Developmental expression and localization of Etv4 and Etv5 in DRG neurons. A, Quantitative analysis of developmental expression of Etv4 and Etv5 mRNA by real-time PCR in DRG neurons in E12, E15, E17, and newborn (P0) mice. Expression at each age was normalized to that of the housekeeping g ...
Morphological classification of plant cell deaths
... Apoptosis is one of the three major types of cell death found in animals. Compared with the other two – autophagic cell death and necrosis – apoptosis is much better understood, both cytologically and biochemically.1,4 Apoptosis is accompanied by rounding up of the cell, reduction of cellular volume ...
... Apoptosis is one of the three major types of cell death found in animals. Compared with the other two – autophagic cell death and necrosis – apoptosis is much better understood, both cytologically and biochemically.1,4 Apoptosis is accompanied by rounding up of the cell, reduction of cellular volume ...
TRANSMEMBRANE ADAPTOR PROTEINS: ORGANIZERS OF
... essential role of LAT in T-cell signalling was first indicated by analysing LAT-deficient variants of the Jurkat T-cell line9,10. In these cells, it was found that key elements of the TCR-mediated signalling cascades that lead to interleukin-2 (IL-2)-gene expression are completely abolished, includi ...
... essential role of LAT in T-cell signalling was first indicated by analysing LAT-deficient variants of the Jurkat T-cell line9,10. In these cells, it was found that key elements of the TCR-mediated signalling cascades that lead to interleukin-2 (IL-2)-gene expression are completely abolished, includi ...
A High-Resolution Transcript Profile across the
... sections can only be determined after sampling. It is thus nearly impossible to obtain two series that overlap perfectly so that corresponding sections contain exactly the same cell type. The result of this variation in sampling and biology is that for a gene with the same tissue-specific expression ...
... sections can only be determined after sampling. It is thus nearly impossible to obtain two series that overlap perfectly so that corresponding sections contain exactly the same cell type. The result of this variation in sampling and biology is that for a gene with the same tissue-specific expression ...
Centrosome Biology: A SAS-sy Centriole in the Cell Cycle Dispatch
... ends of the existing centriole structure to make it longer, so why is the centriole a consistent length in all cells of a single cell type? Issues of centrosome duplication and centrosome size are addressed in two recent papers [11,12] on the sas-4 (spindle assembly defective) gene of the nematode C ...
... ends of the existing centriole structure to make it longer, so why is the centriole a consistent length in all cells of a single cell type? Issues of centrosome duplication and centrosome size are addressed in two recent papers [11,12] on the sas-4 (spindle assembly defective) gene of the nematode C ...
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... characterized by complex interactions among its members, autoregulatory and feedback loops. Another characteristic of the RDN is that a single gene can participate in several steps and control the expression of more than one gene within the network. This depends on the complexes the gene products fo ...
... characterized by complex interactions among its members, autoregulatory and feedback loops. Another characteristic of the RDN is that a single gene can participate in several steps and control the expression of more than one gene within the network. This depends on the complexes the gene products fo ...
TOPIC 1. CELL CHARACTERISTICS AND DIGESTIBILITIES What
... Specific groups of compounds are isolated in the proximate analysis approach, and chemical composition data given for specific foods. Early studies of the digestibilities of forages for wild ruminants yielded results that were not always explained by chemical analyses. Feeding trials of sagebrush (A ...
... Specific groups of compounds are isolated in the proximate analysis approach, and chemical composition data given for specific foods. Early studies of the digestibilities of forages for wild ruminants yielded results that were not always explained by chemical analyses. Feeding trials of sagebrush (A ...
The Arabidopsis Exocyst Complex Is Involved in
... paralog whose mutation produced a readily discernible developmental phenotype (see below). We previously reported that the full-length EXO84b strongly autoactivates the reporter genes in the GAL4-based yeast two-hybrid system, thus hampering analysis of its interactors (Hála et al., 2008). To overc ...
... paralog whose mutation produced a readily discernible developmental phenotype (see below). We previously reported that the full-length EXO84b strongly autoactivates the reporter genes in the GAL4-based yeast two-hybrid system, thus hampering analysis of its interactors (Hála et al., 2008). To overc ...
Factors PU.1, Spi-B, and Spi-C Transformation
... in humans and by the Sfpi1 gene in mice. PU.1 is required to ...
... in humans and by the Sfpi1 gene in mice. PU.1 is required to ...
sensitivity and specificity of the trap assay (telomerase)
... 265 patients immediately before cystoscopy for telomerase (TRAP-assay), BTA-Stat (Bard Diagnostic) hemoglobin dipstick (Hb-DS), and UroVysion (Abbott Laboratories) analysis. Sensitivity was determined for theses assays on 75 of the 265 patients whose biopsy results showed urothelial carcinoma and sp ...
... 265 patients immediately before cystoscopy for telomerase (TRAP-assay), BTA-Stat (Bard Diagnostic) hemoglobin dipstick (Hb-DS), and UroVysion (Abbott Laboratories) analysis. Sensitivity was determined for theses assays on 75 of the 265 patients whose biopsy results showed urothelial carcinoma and sp ...
The Arabidopsis Exocyst Complex Is Involved in Cytokinesis and
... paralog whose mutation produced a readily discernible developmental phenotype (see below). We previously reported that the full-length EXO84b strongly autoactivates the reporter genes in the GAL4-based yeast two-hybrid system, thus hampering analysis of its interactors (Hála et al., 2008). To overc ...
... paralog whose mutation produced a readily discernible developmental phenotype (see below). We previously reported that the full-length EXO84b strongly autoactivates the reporter genes in the GAL4-based yeast two-hybrid system, thus hampering analysis of its interactors (Hála et al., 2008). To overc ...
New Views on the Plant Cytoskeleton
... the regulation of the plant cytoskeleton. Ever since their discovery in plant cells in the 1960s and 1970s, the function of microtubules and actin microfilaments has been analyzed largely by pharmacological strategies. The use of cytoskeleton-disrupting drugs provided broad insights into the partici ...
... the regulation of the plant cytoskeleton. Ever since their discovery in plant cells in the 1960s and 1970s, the function of microtubules and actin microfilaments has been analyzed largely by pharmacological strategies. The use of cytoskeleton-disrupting drugs provided broad insights into the partici ...
New Insights on Plant Cell Elongation: A Role for Acetylcholine
... fruit development [61], floral development [62], fruit maturation [63,64], and seed germination [65]. They are expressed in the apical meristem [66] and in active elongating tomato hypocotyl tissues [41,42,67]; they also play important roles during abiotic stress response [68–70]. Expansin activity ...
... fruit development [61], floral development [62], fruit maturation [63,64], and seed germination [65]. They are expressed in the apical meristem [66] and in active elongating tomato hypocotyl tissues [41,42,67]; they also play important roles during abiotic stress response [68–70]. Expansin activity ...
supplementary information
... Sucrose is hydrolyzed by the enzyme invertase in the periplasmic space between the plasma membrane and the cell wall. The vast majority of the glucose and fructose created by sucrose hydrolysis diffuse away before they can be imported into the cell. This loss of sugar leads to cooperative sucrose me ...
... Sucrose is hydrolyzed by the enzyme invertase in the periplasmic space between the plasma membrane and the cell wall. The vast majority of the glucose and fructose created by sucrose hydrolysis diffuse away before they can be imported into the cell. This loss of sugar leads to cooperative sucrose me ...
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[PDF]
... miRNA biogenesis and alter target selection, thereby potentially having profound biological effects. Both segmental copy number variations (CNVs) and SNPs in the human genome can contribute greatly to the genetic basis of human phenotypic differences. Among the identified CNVs, 14 of the high-freque ...
... miRNA biogenesis and alter target selection, thereby potentially having profound biological effects. Both segmental copy number variations (CNVs) and SNPs in the human genome can contribute greatly to the genetic basis of human phenotypic differences. Among the identified CNVs, 14 of the high-freque ...
Transcriptional profiling of Arabidopsis root hairs and
... large volumes, these are defined by growing over a relatively small volume at the tip, by exocytosis of specific cell wall precursors [13,14]. This form of growth is common among fungi and in some animal cells (neurite outgrowth during the development of the nervous system; see [15]), and in floweri ...
... large volumes, these are defined by growing over a relatively small volume at the tip, by exocytosis of specific cell wall precursors [13,14]. This form of growth is common among fungi and in some animal cells (neurite outgrowth during the development of the nervous system; see [15]), and in floweri ...
IL-10 transcription is negatively regulated by BAF180, a component
... cardiac development that include the specific misregulation of retinoic acid-induced genes [41]. BAF180 also plays an important role in the regulation of the cell cycle due, at least in part, to its ability to activate the transcription of the cell cycle regulator p21 [43,44]. BAF180 mutations have ...
... cardiac development that include the specific misregulation of retinoic acid-induced genes [41]. BAF180 also plays an important role in the regulation of the cell cycle due, at least in part, to its ability to activate the transcription of the cell cycle regulator p21 [43,44]. BAF180 mutations have ...
The Role of the 3` UTR in Regulated Post
... achieved by regulating mRNA levels. Changes in cytoplasmic mRNA steady state levels are a reflection of the balance between the transcription rate and a variety of post-transcriptional processes. Regulation of these processes is conferred in part via a number of 3' untranslated region (3' UTR) local ...
... achieved by regulating mRNA levels. Changes in cytoplasmic mRNA steady state levels are a reflection of the balance between the transcription rate and a variety of post-transcriptional processes. Regulation of these processes is conferred in part via a number of 3' untranslated region (3' UTR) local ...
Myocardin-like protein 2 regulates TGF signaling in
... Total RNA was extracted from wild-type and Mkl2–/– ES cells using the RNeasy protocol (Invitrogen), yielding RNA for two wild-type and three Mkl2–/– samples. Each sample was hybridized with Affymetrix Mouse Gene ST 1.0 microarrays according to standard protocols. Raw.cel files were normalized using ...
... Total RNA was extracted from wild-type and Mkl2–/– ES cells using the RNeasy protocol (Invitrogen), yielding RNA for two wild-type and three Mkl2–/– samples. Each sample was hybridized with Affymetrix Mouse Gene ST 1.0 microarrays according to standard protocols. Raw.cel files were normalized using ...
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... knockdown of these molecules could enhance mTOR activity and its downstream pathway such as p-S6. Optic nerve injury was performed in PTEN or TSC1 knockout mice, and robust optic nerve regeneration was observed. The regenerating RGC was ...
... knockdown of these molecules could enhance mTOR activity and its downstream pathway such as p-S6. Optic nerve injury was performed in PTEN or TSC1 knockout mice, and robust optic nerve regeneration was observed. The regenerating RGC was ...