5.3 G Protein-Coupled Receptors
... component of the signal transmission pathway on the inner side of the cell membrane. In this process enzymatic activities can be triggered and/or the activated receptor engages in specific interactions with downstream signal proteins. An intracellular signal chain is set in motion, which finally tri ...
... component of the signal transmission pathway on the inner side of the cell membrane. In this process enzymatic activities can be triggered and/or the activated receptor engages in specific interactions with downstream signal proteins. An intracellular signal chain is set in motion, which finally tri ...
Carboxyl methylation of human erythrocyte band 3 in intact cells
... non-physiological changes in the cells. For example, cyclic AMP metabolism has been shown to be altered as a result of incubation of cells under conditions where methyl transfer reactions are inhibited [22]. In addition, the methylation of molecules other than band 3 and other membrane proteins may ...
... non-physiological changes in the cells. For example, cyclic AMP metabolism has been shown to be altered as a result of incubation of cells under conditions where methyl transfer reactions are inhibited [22]. In addition, the methylation of molecules other than band 3 and other membrane proteins may ...
Motility and substratum adhesion of Dictyostelium wild
... In order to understand cell locomotion in terms of cytoskeletal dynamics and the forces generated by cytoskeletonmembrane coupling (Sackmann, 1994; Oliver et al., 1994), global methods of cell tracking have to be complemented by detailed studies at the single-cell level (Alt, 1990b; Simon and Schmid ...
... In order to understand cell locomotion in terms of cytoskeletal dynamics and the forces generated by cytoskeletonmembrane coupling (Sackmann, 1994; Oliver et al., 1994), global methods of cell tracking have to be complemented by detailed studies at the single-cell level (Alt, 1990b; Simon and Schmid ...
Carbohydrates - Overview
... from a fungus) is marketed commercially as a dietary product for humans called BeanoTM. Raffinose oligosaccharides are found in many types of vegetables, e.g., beans, broccoli, and cabbage, which helps make Beano a multimillion dollar product. Review of monosaccharide and disaccharide structures Car ...
... from a fungus) is marketed commercially as a dietary product for humans called BeanoTM. Raffinose oligosaccharides are found in many types of vegetables, e.g., beans, broccoli, and cabbage, which helps make Beano a multimillion dollar product. Review of monosaccharide and disaccharide structures Car ...
enhancing organophosphorus pesticides detoxification using
... enhance the paraoxon degradation. This observation showed the essential role of E. coli isolate for producing effective hybrids for OP degradation. For the hybrids between E and either A or B, an increase in paraoxon degradation were recorded for preparations after 7 days of protoplast fusions (figu ...
... enhance the paraoxon degradation. This observation showed the essential role of E. coli isolate for producing effective hybrids for OP degradation. For the hybrids between E and either A or B, an increase in paraoxon degradation were recorded for preparations after 7 days of protoplast fusions (figu ...
Doubly Selective Antimicrobial Polymers: How Do They Differentiate
... because they cannot pass the highly cross-linked peptidoglycan layer (Figure 1 b), which effectively reduces their concentration c2 at the plasma membrane and renders them inactive in the MIC90 experiments. The peptidoglycan layer consists of anionically charged, alternating copolymers of b(1,4)-lin ...
... because they cannot pass the highly cross-linked peptidoglycan layer (Figure 1 b), which effectively reduces their concentration c2 at the plasma membrane and renders them inactive in the MIC90 experiments. The peptidoglycan layer consists of anionically charged, alternating copolymers of b(1,4)-lin ...
thebacterialflagellum
... [4]. It is composed of a single protein: flagellin, or FliC, as it is also called. There are about 30000 flagellin subunits forming the filament. At the end of the filament there is a cap protein complex. Its importance, as well as the tube’s hollowness, will be explained later. The helical filament ...
... [4]. It is composed of a single protein: flagellin, or FliC, as it is also called. There are about 30000 flagellin subunits forming the filament. At the end of the filament there is a cap protein complex. Its importance, as well as the tube’s hollowness, will be explained later. The helical filament ...
Future research leaders
... in Sweden today. These are exceptionally driven, innovative and skillful men and women with the potential to become the next generation of internationally recognized research leaders. Through our Future Research Leader Program, we will support and promote the work of these rising talents. As well as ...
... in Sweden today. These are exceptionally driven, innovative and skillful men and women with the potential to become the next generation of internationally recognized research leaders. Through our Future Research Leader Program, we will support and promote the work of these rising talents. As well as ...
Transactivation of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor
... mediates leukocyte migration in response to bacterial and host-derived chemotactic peptides, promotes the chemotaxis, survival, and tumorigenesis of highly malignant human glioblastoma cells. Because glioblastoma cells may also express other receptors for growth signals, such as the epidermal growth ...
... mediates leukocyte migration in response to bacterial and host-derived chemotactic peptides, promotes the chemotaxis, survival, and tumorigenesis of highly malignant human glioblastoma cells. Because glioblastoma cells may also express other receptors for growth signals, such as the epidermal growth ...
Document
... Enzymes do not make anything happen that could not happen on its own. They just make it happen much faster. b. The enzyme is the same after the reaction as it was before the reaction - it remains unchanged c. An enzyme usually works for the forward but not the reverse reactions. d. Each type of enzy ...
... Enzymes do not make anything happen that could not happen on its own. They just make it happen much faster. b. The enzyme is the same after the reaction as it was before the reaction - it remains unchanged c. An enzyme usually works for the forward but not the reverse reactions. d. Each type of enzy ...
TEC-FAMILY KINASES: REGULATORS OF T-HELPER
... between their pleckstrin homology domains and the products of PI3K and/or other proteins. – second, phosphorylation by SRC-family kinases. – third, interactions with other proteins that bring the TEC-family kinases into antigen-receptor signaling complexes. – In addition, TEC-family kinases are thou ...
... between their pleckstrin homology domains and the products of PI3K and/or other proteins. – second, phosphorylation by SRC-family kinases. – third, interactions with other proteins that bring the TEC-family kinases into antigen-receptor signaling complexes. – In addition, TEC-family kinases are thou ...
Effects of dietary components on Tight junctions (TJ) Lauric acid
... activation of the MAPK, ERK, and JNK (91); thus, glutamine could potentially modulate TJ via a MAPK-dependent signal transduction pathway. As well as having nutritional value, trace elements such as zinc may also assist with the maintenance of intestinal barrier integrity. Caco-2 cells grown in zin ...
... activation of the MAPK, ERK, and JNK (91); thus, glutamine could potentially modulate TJ via a MAPK-dependent signal transduction pathway. As well as having nutritional value, trace elements such as zinc may also assist with the maintenance of intestinal barrier integrity. Caco-2 cells grown in zin ...
Signal Transduction by the Receptors for Thrombopoietin (c
... use (1) gp130 (for the interleukin-6 [IL-6]-type cytokines IL-6, IL-11, leukemia inhibitory factor [LW], oncostatin M [OSM], and ciliary neurotrophic factor [CNTF]), (2) IL-2 receptor y (IL-2Ry; for IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-13, and IL-15), and (3) IL-3RP (for IL-3, IL-5 and granulocytemacrophage c ...
... use (1) gp130 (for the interleukin-6 [IL-6]-type cytokines IL-6, IL-11, leukemia inhibitory factor [LW], oncostatin M [OSM], and ciliary neurotrophic factor [CNTF]), (2) IL-2 receptor y (IL-2Ry; for IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-13, and IL-15), and (3) IL-3RP (for IL-3, IL-5 and granulocytemacrophage c ...
Microbiology – Chapter 1
... • Living organisms are assigned to groups based upon their similarities. ...
... • Living organisms are assigned to groups based upon their similarities. ...
The Effect of Oregano (Origanum vulgare)
... the nervous, lymphatic, and digestive systems. Electrical and chemical messages relay from exterior or interior stimuli and the body will react accordingly. In the case of an unwanted microbe or bacterium within our body, the immune system works to destroy this parasite by surface markers, cytokines ...
... the nervous, lymphatic, and digestive systems. Electrical and chemical messages relay from exterior or interior stimuli and the body will react accordingly. In the case of an unwanted microbe or bacterium within our body, the immune system works to destroy this parasite by surface markers, cytokines ...
Section 20–1 The Kingdom Protista (pages 497–498)
... By looking at illustrations in textbooks, you can help yourself remember better what you have read. Look carefully at Figure 20–1 on page 497. What important idea do these photographs communicate? Do your work on a separate sheet of paper. Students should infer that the main idea these photographs c ...
... By looking at illustrations in textbooks, you can help yourself remember better what you have read. Look carefully at Figure 20–1 on page 497. What important idea do these photographs communicate? Do your work on a separate sheet of paper. Students should infer that the main idea these photographs c ...
Article Full Text - Aerosol and Air Quality Research
... Airborne bacteria are usually detected with culturebased approaches. Their abundance is estimated by counting bacterial colonies forming on a nutrient agar plate after incubation for hours or days (Hurst et al., 2002). This method is an easy and convenient approach and suitable for routine measureme ...
... Airborne bacteria are usually detected with culturebased approaches. Their abundance is estimated by counting bacterial colonies forming on a nutrient agar plate after incubation for hours or days (Hurst et al., 2002). This method is an easy and convenient approach and suitable for routine measureme ...
Document
... It twists the filament, making it easier for subunits at the Minus end of the filament to dissassemble ...
... It twists the filament, making it easier for subunits at the Minus end of the filament to dissassemble ...
05 Keim
... the cell showing two magnetosome chains (b), two P-rich granules (c, d) and three electron-lucent inclusions (e). The lettering shows the places where EDX analysis were done. Bar = 200 nm. (B) EDX spectrum of a magnetosome showing mainly iron and oxygen peaks. Small P, S, and Cl peaks are derived fr ...
... the cell showing two magnetosome chains (b), two P-rich granules (c, d) and three electron-lucent inclusions (e). The lettering shows the places where EDX analysis were done. Bar = 200 nm. (B) EDX spectrum of a magnetosome showing mainly iron and oxygen peaks. Small P, S, and Cl peaks are derived fr ...
A. Penicillins
... the number of resistant strains, especially in S. aureus. The main mechanism of resistance is the production and secretion of β-lactamase enzyme. β-lactamase is a mutated version of transpeptidase which is closely related in structure, especially in the active site. This means that β-lactamase w ...
... the number of resistant strains, especially in S. aureus. The main mechanism of resistance is the production and secretion of β-lactamase enzyme. β-lactamase is a mutated version of transpeptidase which is closely related in structure, especially in the active site. This means that β-lactamase w ...
Migration Cues Induce Chromatin Alterations
... living cells, the H1E variant was cloned upstream to the green fluorescent protein (GFP). Evaluation of the fused protein reveled colocalization with Hoechst staining in live cells (Figure 3A–C), indicating typical H1 nuclear distribution (15,16). In addition, the GFP-fused protein was released from ...
... living cells, the H1E variant was cloned upstream to the green fluorescent protein (GFP). Evaluation of the fused protein reveled colocalization with Hoechst staining in live cells (Figure 3A–C), indicating typical H1 nuclear distribution (15,16). In addition, the GFP-fused protein was released from ...
Microbiology An Introduction 10e Tortora, Funke and Case Outline
... smaller prokaryotic cells, means that nutrients can easily and rapidly reach any part of the cells interior. However, in the larger eukaryotic cell, the limited surface area when compared to its volume means nutrients cannot rapidly diffuse to all interior parts of the cell. That is why eukaryotic c ...
... smaller prokaryotic cells, means that nutrients can easily and rapidly reach any part of the cells interior. However, in the larger eukaryotic cell, the limited surface area when compared to its volume means nutrients cannot rapidly diffuse to all interior parts of the cell. That is why eukaryotic c ...
The push and pull of the bacterial cytoskeleton
... Department of Biochemistry, Beckman Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA Department of Developmental Biology, Beckman Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA ...
... Department of Biochemistry, Beckman Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA Department of Developmental Biology, Beckman Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA ...
A Model-Based Approach for Automated In Vitro Cell - LISA
... cells). The radius values are adapted during the iterative process (see below). The two nested polygons obtained defined two gravity centers (or centroids) labeled Gint and Gext. As a matter of fact, these centroids do not coincide with the initial cell center (x0, y0), and are used to adjust by inte ...
... cells). The radius values are adapted during the iterative process (see below). The two nested polygons obtained defined two gravity centers (or centroids) labeled Gint and Gext. As a matter of fact, these centroids do not coincide with the initial cell center (x0, y0), and are used to adjust by inte ...
Chemotaxis
Chemotaxis (from chemo- + taxis) is the movement of an organism in response to a chemical stimulus. Somatic cells, bacteria, and other single-cell or multicellular organisms direct their movements according to certain chemicals in their environment. This is important for bacteria to find food (e.g., glucose) by swimming toward the highest concentration of food molecules, or to flee from poisons (e.g., phenol). In multicellular organisms, chemotaxis is critical to early development (e.g., movement of sperm towards the egg during fertilization) and subsequent phases of development (e.g., migration of neurons or lymphocytes) as well as in normal function. In addition, it has been recognized that mechanisms that allow chemotaxis in animals can be subverted during cancer metastasis.Positive chemotaxis occurs if the movement is toward a higher concentration of the chemical in question; negative chemotaxis if the movement is in the opposite direction. Chemically prompted kinesis (randomly directed or nondirectional) can be called chemokinesis.