sLeX inhibits Ply hemolytic activity by blocking binding of the toxin to
... Serves as essential component of the ligands for the P-, L- and Eselectins to mediate ‘tethering and rolling’ of neutrophils Upregulated during inflammation on the surface of leukocytes Originally identified on human RBCs, in plasma and in mucous secretions. Later shown that RBCs passively acquire s ...
... Serves as essential component of the ligands for the P-, L- and Eselectins to mediate ‘tethering and rolling’ of neutrophils Upregulated during inflammation on the surface of leukocytes Originally identified on human RBCs, in plasma and in mucous secretions. Later shown that RBCs passively acquire s ...
The basis of the stress reaction
... The ubiquitous presence of stressful stimuli makes stress one of the most important causes of physiological or pathophysiological changes in an organism during its entire lifespan. The stressors can be divided (according to their nature) into physical, chemical, psychological, social and disturbing ...
... The ubiquitous presence of stressful stimuli makes stress one of the most important causes of physiological or pathophysiological changes in an organism during its entire lifespan. The stressors can be divided (according to their nature) into physical, chemical, psychological, social and disturbing ...
Taipoxin Induces Synaptic Vesicle Exocytosis and Disrupts the
... been generated, and ubiquitous homologs of SV proteins have been identified, leading to the notion that similar sets of proteins are involved in all membrane trafficking events in eukaryotes (Südhof, 2004). A large number of molecular interactions have been shown to occur in vitro among proteins in ...
... been generated, and ubiquitous homologs of SV proteins have been identified, leading to the notion that similar sets of proteins are involved in all membrane trafficking events in eukaryotes (Südhof, 2004). A large number of molecular interactions have been shown to occur in vitro among proteins in ...
Taipoxin Induces Synaptic Vesicle Exocytosis and Disrupts the
... been generated, and ubiquitous homologs of SV proteins have been identified, leading to the notion that similar sets of proteins are involved in all membrane trafficking events in eukaryotes (Südhof, 2004). A large number of molecular interactions have been shown to occur in vitro among proteins in ...
... been generated, and ubiquitous homologs of SV proteins have been identified, leading to the notion that similar sets of proteins are involved in all membrane trafficking events in eukaryotes (Südhof, 2004). A large number of molecular interactions have been shown to occur in vitro among proteins in ...
AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylates transcription factors of
... uptake into muscle, the specific signaling pathway is unknown (13, 28). In addition to acute effects on glucose uptake and fatty acid oxidation, recurrent activation of AMPK results in increases in expression of mitochondrial proteins, hexokinase, and GLUT4, thus increasing capacity of the muscle to ...
... uptake into muscle, the specific signaling pathway is unknown (13, 28). In addition to acute effects on glucose uptake and fatty acid oxidation, recurrent activation of AMPK results in increases in expression of mitochondrial proteins, hexokinase, and GLUT4, thus increasing capacity of the muscle to ...
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: a therapeutic target in COPD? PERSPECTIVE
... Three PPAR isoforms, a, b/d and c, can be distinguished. All three exhibit tissue-specific expression, ligand-specific activation and the ability to heterodimerise with retinoid X receptors, resulting in the transcription of target genes. During the past decade, PPARs have been implicated in several ...
... Three PPAR isoforms, a, b/d and c, can be distinguished. All three exhibit tissue-specific expression, ligand-specific activation and the ability to heterodimerise with retinoid X receptors, resulting in the transcription of target genes. During the past decade, PPARs have been implicated in several ...
Mechanical properties of the heart muscle
... similar, but not identical, contractile mechanisms. A muscle cell (cardiac or skeletal) contains smaller units called myofibrils, which in turn are made up of sarcomeres. The sarcomere contains overlapping thin and thick filaments, which are responsible for the force development in the muscle cells. ...
... similar, but not identical, contractile mechanisms. A muscle cell (cardiac or skeletal) contains smaller units called myofibrils, which in turn are made up of sarcomeres. The sarcomere contains overlapping thin and thick filaments, which are responsible for the force development in the muscle cells. ...
Coers, J, Bernstein-Hanley, I, Grotsky, D
... urogenital tract express tryptophan synthase, an enzyme capable of using exogenous indole for the synthesis of tryptophan (14, 20). Supplementing indole can restore the capacity of C. trachomatis genital isolates to replicate in IFN-␥-treated human cells (20). The ability to synthesize tryptophan ma ...
... urogenital tract express tryptophan synthase, an enzyme capable of using exogenous indole for the synthesis of tryptophan (14, 20). Supplementing indole can restore the capacity of C. trachomatis genital isolates to replicate in IFN-␥-treated human cells (20). The ability to synthesize tryptophan ma ...
PDF - Oxford Academic - Oxford University Press
... Zinc-Induced Facilitator-Like 1 (ZIFL1), which exhibits H+coupled K+ transport activity (Remy et al. 2013b), pointing to a previously unrecognized role for this superfamily in K+ transport. Interestingly, our work revealed that alternative splicing of the corresponding gene determines a dual functio ...
... Zinc-Induced Facilitator-Like 1 (ZIFL1), which exhibits H+coupled K+ transport activity (Remy et al. 2013b), pointing to a previously unrecognized role for this superfamily in K+ transport. Interestingly, our work revealed that alternative splicing of the corresponding gene determines a dual functio ...
Dispersal of Golgi matrix proteins during mitotic Golgi
... analysis was performed by collecting a stack of images by deconvolution microscopy. Total fluorescence above background, as well as fluorescence attributed to objects, was then analyzed in three dimensions. To reduce experimental bias and to account for possible variation between cells, a statistica ...
... analysis was performed by collecting a stack of images by deconvolution microscopy. Total fluorescence above background, as well as fluorescence attributed to objects, was then analyzed in three dimensions. To reduce experimental bias and to account for possible variation between cells, a statistica ...
Mechanistic Studies Of Drug Resistance Conferred By An ABC
... the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) super-family of proteins which are found among diverse groups of organisms. In our laboratory, we are interested in studying an ABC transporter DrrAB from Streptomyces peucetius. It confers resistance to two anticancer antibiotics doxorubicin and daunorubicin by its dr ...
... the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) super-family of proteins which are found among diverse groups of organisms. In our laboratory, we are interested in studying an ABC transporter DrrAB from Streptomyces peucetius. It confers resistance to two anticancer antibiotics doxorubicin and daunorubicin by its dr ...
The Molecular Basis of the Evolution and Diversity of Stomatal
... stomatal cell fate specifications, respectively (Figure 2A). The cell–cell signals in turn appear to activate a mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling cascade including the MAPKKK YODA (Bergmann et al., 2004), MPKK4/5, and MAPK MPK3/6 (Wang et al., 2007), to suppress stomatal development i ...
... stomatal cell fate specifications, respectively (Figure 2A). The cell–cell signals in turn appear to activate a mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling cascade including the MAPKKK YODA (Bergmann et al., 2004), MPKK4/5, and MAPK MPK3/6 (Wang et al., 2007), to suppress stomatal development i ...
Purves chs. 12, 13 - Weizmann Institute of Science
... Figure 12.1 diagrams the behavior of air molecules near a tuning fork that vibrates sinusoidally when struck. The vibrating tines of the tuning fork produce local displacements of the surrounding molecules, such that when the tine moves in one direction, there is molecular condensation; when it move ...
... Figure 12.1 diagrams the behavior of air molecules near a tuning fork that vibrates sinusoidally when struck. The vibrating tines of the tuning fork produce local displacements of the surrounding molecules, such that when the tine moves in one direction, there is molecular condensation; when it move ...
Mutations in cytoplasmic dynein and its regulators
... Dynactin was found as an activator of dynein-mediated vesicle transport in vitro [20] and, similar to dynein, dynactin participates in transport of several intracellular organelles including endosomes, lysosomes and Golgi membranes. Dynactin helps to link dynein to cargoes, increases dynein processi ...
... Dynactin was found as an activator of dynein-mediated vesicle transport in vitro [20] and, similar to dynein, dynactin participates in transport of several intracellular organelles including endosomes, lysosomes and Golgi membranes. Dynactin helps to link dynein to cargoes, increases dynein processi ...
Ligation of tumour-produced mucins to CD22 dramatically impairs
... associates with the BCR (B-cell receptor). It is generally agreed that CD22 must be in close proximity to the BCR complex for negative regulation of signalling through recruitment of a SH2 (Src homology 2) domain-containing phosphatase [1]. Although the physiological significance of CD22-mediated li ...
... associates with the BCR (B-cell receptor). It is generally agreed that CD22 must be in close proximity to the BCR complex for negative regulation of signalling through recruitment of a SH2 (Src homology 2) domain-containing phosphatase [1]. Although the physiological significance of CD22-mediated li ...
characterisation of novel proteins
... soil and plant bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). Both cry genes are synthetic versions of genes from the non-motile strain of Bt, PS149B1. The WHO International Program on Chemical Safety (IPCS) report on environmental health criteria for Bt concludes that ‘Bt has not been documented to cause a ...
... soil and plant bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). Both cry genes are synthetic versions of genes from the non-motile strain of Bt, PS149B1. The WHO International Program on Chemical Safety (IPCS) report on environmental health criteria for Bt concludes that ‘Bt has not been documented to cause a ...
Caspary T, Larkins CE, Anderson KV. Dev Cell. 2007 May;12(5):767-78. The graded response to Sonic Hedgehog depends on cilia architecture.
... a small GTPase of the Arf/Arl family, and the Arl13b protein is localized to cilia. Double mutant analysis indicates that Gli3 repressor activity is normal in hnn embryos, but Gli activators are constitutively active at low levels. Thus, normal structure of the ciliary axoneme is required for the ce ...
... a small GTPase of the Arf/Arl family, and the Arl13b protein is localized to cilia. Double mutant analysis indicates that Gli3 repressor activity is normal in hnn embryos, but Gli activators are constitutively active at low levels. Thus, normal structure of the ciliary axoneme is required for the ce ...
Acetylcholine - American College of Neuropsychopharmacology
... source of cholinergic innervation to the telencephalon (Fig. 1.1), was thought to be involved in arousal or sleep regulation. Either lesions or electric stimulation of subregions of the basal forebrain can facilitate sleep and synchronize the EEG, and cholinergic drugs regulate EEG synchrony (33). M ...
... source of cholinergic innervation to the telencephalon (Fig. 1.1), was thought to be involved in arousal or sleep regulation. Either lesions or electric stimulation of subregions of the basal forebrain can facilitate sleep and synchronize the EEG, and cholinergic drugs regulate EEG synchrony (33). M ...
BMP and Delta/Notch signaling control the development of
... ectoderm to generate peripheral sensory neurons in amphioxus embryos. We hypothesize that during chordate evolution, PNS progenitors might have been polarized to different positions in various chordate lineages owing to differential regulation of BMP signaling in the ectoderm. ...
... ectoderm to generate peripheral sensory neurons in amphioxus embryos. We hypothesize that during chordate evolution, PNS progenitors might have been polarized to different positions in various chordate lineages owing to differential regulation of BMP signaling in the ectoderm. ...
Cell Division Activity during Apical Hook
... Figure 4. Steps in ACC-mediated exaggerated apical hook. A, Confocal sections of the apical hook during ACC application. Seedlings were grown in air (i) or treated with ACC for 20 h (see Materials and Methods; ii, iii, iv). Two steps in exaggerated hook development were observed: ii, arc elongation; ...
... Figure 4. Steps in ACC-mediated exaggerated apical hook. A, Confocal sections of the apical hook during ACC application. Seedlings were grown in air (i) or treated with ACC for 20 h (see Materials and Methods; ii, iii, iv). Two steps in exaggerated hook development were observed: ii, arc elongation; ...
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Learning and Memory
... long-term facilitation (13). Third, the cyclic AMP response element binding protein 1 (CREB1) is then activated in the cell nucleus, resulting in the gene transcription necessary for long-term facilitation. Recent findings suggest that another form of CREB, CREB2, may repress activation of CREB1 so ...
... long-term facilitation (13). Third, the cyclic AMP response element binding protein 1 (CREB1) is then activated in the cell nucleus, resulting in the gene transcription necessary for long-term facilitation. Recent findings suggest that another form of CREB, CREB2, may repress activation of CREB1 so ...
The paradox of elongation factor 4: highly conserved, yet of no
... The ribosome is a universally conserved ribonucleoprotein machine present in all living cells which uses aa-tRNA (aminoacyl-tRNA) substrates to translate genomic information encoded in an mRNA [1–5]. Translation can be roughly divided into four stages: initiation, elongation, termination of protein ...
... The ribosome is a universally conserved ribonucleoprotein machine present in all living cells which uses aa-tRNA (aminoacyl-tRNA) substrates to translate genomic information encoded in an mRNA [1–5]. Translation can be roughly divided into four stages: initiation, elongation, termination of protein ...
pdf - Penn State University
... to grow and enables some plants, such as conifers, to attain sizes unmatched by any other organisms on Earth. It is clear from histological analyses that plant cell enlargement is regulated in a highly cell-specific manner. For example, meristematic cells can give rise to wide xylem vessels that for ...
... to grow and enables some plants, such as conifers, to attain sizes unmatched by any other organisms on Earth. It is clear from histological analyses that plant cell enlargement is regulated in a highly cell-specific manner. For example, meristematic cells can give rise to wide xylem vessels that for ...
Auxin and other signals on the move in plants
... Short-range transport. Membranes of plant cells are not in direct contact with each other because of the presence of a cellulose-based cell wall. Thus, molecules have three possibilities for short-range movement: (i) transport inside the cell wall, without entering the cell (apoplastic transport); ( ...
... Short-range transport. Membranes of plant cells are not in direct contact with each other because of the presence of a cellulose-based cell wall. Thus, molecules have three possibilities for short-range movement: (i) transport inside the cell wall, without entering the cell (apoplastic transport); ( ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.