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... ATP per mol of glucose consumed in whole cells [34,35]. All KDPG proteins have been purified [36], making Z. mobilis one of the few bacteria where this has been achieved, and most of the respective genes have been identified and their DNA sequences established [8]. The paramount activities of the KD ...
... ATP per mol of glucose consumed in whole cells [34,35]. All KDPG proteins have been purified [36], making Z. mobilis one of the few bacteria where this has been achieved, and most of the respective genes have been identified and their DNA sequences established [8]. The paramount activities of the KD ...
Concentration Dependent Different Action of Tamoxifen on
... TAM and derivatives have been shown to protect biological membranes, and membrane-model systems such as liposomes, against free radical mediated lipid peroxidation. Observation of this protective action of TAM and its derivatives can be attributed to molecular modulation of the membrane environment ...
... TAM and derivatives have been shown to protect biological membranes, and membrane-model systems such as liposomes, against free radical mediated lipid peroxidation. Observation of this protective action of TAM and its derivatives can be attributed to molecular modulation of the membrane environment ...
Molecular networks in skeletal muscle plasticity
... period of time, muscle tissue experiences a particular blend of these fundamental stressors. With strength training, the mechanical stress is dominant, while during endurance exercise, mechanical stress is low but metabolic disturbances can be severe and protracted. In any kind of muscle activity, n ...
... period of time, muscle tissue experiences a particular blend of these fundamental stressors. With strength training, the mechanical stress is dominant, while during endurance exercise, mechanical stress is low but metabolic disturbances can be severe and protracted. In any kind of muscle activity, n ...
Pokeweed Antiviral Protein, a Ribosome Inactivating Protein: Activity
... Additionally, RIP-type activity has been reported in animal tissues as well [55]. A large number of RIPs has been identified in a small group of families, namely Carylphyllaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Sambucaceae, Phytolaccaceae and Poaceae [24]. Synthesis of some RIPs could be induced by fa ...
... Additionally, RIP-type activity has been reported in animal tissues as well [55]. A large number of RIPs has been identified in a small group of families, namely Carylphyllaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Sambucaceae, Phytolaccaceae and Poaceae [24]. Synthesis of some RIPs could be induced by fa ...
Dendritic amplification of inhibitory postsynaptic potentials in a
... Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials generated by the activation of distal dendritic synapses Compound inhibitory postsynaptic potentials We first examined the propagation of IPSPs along the PC dendrite and its dependency on the activation of voltage-gated ion channels. Two model PCs, a purely passive ...
... Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials generated by the activation of distal dendritic synapses Compound inhibitory postsynaptic potentials We first examined the propagation of IPSPs along the PC dendrite and its dependency on the activation of voltage-gated ion channels. Two model PCs, a purely passive ...
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... Here we quantified growth parameters and Dpp signaling gradients in the eye. First, we found that, as a consequence of furrow movement and tissue growth, the anterior tissue initially expands but later shrinks, as it is ‘consumed’ by the furrow. During tissue expansion, signaling gradients scale up ...
... Here we quantified growth parameters and Dpp signaling gradients in the eye. First, we found that, as a consequence of furrow movement and tissue growth, the anterior tissue initially expands but later shrinks, as it is ‘consumed’ by the furrow. During tissue expansion, signaling gradients scale up ...
The Role of Vacuole and Vacuolar H+
... yet. Previously, it has been found that the yeast deletion mutants lacking vacuolar H+ATPase (V-ATPase) activity, which functions in vacuolar acidification, exhibited growth defects under cadmium stress conditions. In addition, several genes involved in H+ATPase have been recently found to be requir ...
... yet. Previously, it has been found that the yeast deletion mutants lacking vacuolar H+ATPase (V-ATPase) activity, which functions in vacuolar acidification, exhibited growth defects under cadmium stress conditions. In addition, several genes involved in H+ATPase have been recently found to be requir ...
Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis
... Prenant, R. R. Bensley, and A. Matthews-to include other cell types, so that by the early part of this century ergastoplasm came to be a generally accepted term for a specific basophilic area of the cytoplasm . These early studies are extensively reviewed by F. Haguenau (1) . The next major advance ...
... Prenant, R. R. Bensley, and A. Matthews-to include other cell types, so that by the early part of this century ergastoplasm came to be a generally accepted term for a specific basophilic area of the cytoplasm . These early studies are extensively reviewed by F. Haguenau (1) . The next major advance ...
Site-directed mutagenesis of streptococcal plasmin receptor protein
... 1979). Plasmin can degrade a wide range of protein substrates that constitute the extracellular matrix, as well as activating latent proteases (Vassalli et al., 1991). We have previously shown that group A streptococci, when grown in the presence of human plasma, can activate plasminogen and capture ...
... 1979). Plasmin can degrade a wide range of protein substrates that constitute the extracellular matrix, as well as activating latent proteases (Vassalli et al., 1991). We have previously shown that group A streptococci, when grown in the presence of human plasma, can activate plasminogen and capture ...
Alternative spliced transcripts as cancer markers
... form mature mRNAs. This process can lead to diversification through the phenomenon of alternative splicing. Variation in mRNA structure takes many different forms [1,2] that include the use of cryptic donor and acceptor splicing sites, exon skipping and the use of intronic sequence as an exon. Also, ...
... form mature mRNAs. This process can lead to diversification through the phenomenon of alternative splicing. Variation in mRNA structure takes many different forms [1,2] that include the use of cryptic donor and acceptor splicing sites, exon skipping and the use of intronic sequence as an exon. Also, ...
Treatment of patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma and lactic acidosis
... In normal cells, apoptosis is needed for tissue homeostasis. The Bcl-2 family of proteins consists of pro-apoptotic proteins and anti-apoptotic proteins, both located in the outer mitochondrial membrane of intact cells. Pro-apoptotic proteins can cause swelling of the mitochondria and disruption of ...
... In normal cells, apoptosis is needed for tissue homeostasis. The Bcl-2 family of proteins consists of pro-apoptotic proteins and anti-apoptotic proteins, both located in the outer mitochondrial membrane of intact cells. Pro-apoptotic proteins can cause swelling of the mitochondria and disruption of ...
Plant basal resistance to nematodes: an update
... result in weak effector-triggered immunity (ETI) from a weak recognition of effectors. Accordingly, basal defence is defined as PTI plus weak ETI (Jones and Dangl, 2006). Basal defence is considered to be the first line of defence in plants. The PRRs involved in this process are primarily receptor-l ...
... result in weak effector-triggered immunity (ETI) from a weak recognition of effectors. Accordingly, basal defence is defined as PTI plus weak ETI (Jones and Dangl, 2006). Basal defence is considered to be the first line of defence in plants. The PRRs involved in this process are primarily receptor-l ...
Optimization of the heterologous expression of folate metabolic Plasmodium falciparum
... codon-harmonization involves substituting codons to replicate the codon frequency preference of the target gene in P. falciparum, as such the translation machinery matches that of Plasmodium (Angov et al. 2008). Furthermore, greater expression levels of GTPCHI were achieved in the absence of Pfhsp70 ...
... codon-harmonization involves substituting codons to replicate the codon frequency preference of the target gene in P. falciparum, as such the translation machinery matches that of Plasmodium (Angov et al. 2008). Furthermore, greater expression levels of GTPCHI were achieved in the absence of Pfhsp70 ...
Synaptic function: Dendritic democracy
... postsynaptic receptors change with distance from the soma. Evidence from the goldfish Mauthner cell indicates that the size of postsynaptic glycine receptor clusters increases with distance from the soma [7]. In CA1 pyramidal neurons, experiments using local uncaging of caged glutamate have shown th ...
... postsynaptic receptors change with distance from the soma. Evidence from the goldfish Mauthner cell indicates that the size of postsynaptic glycine receptor clusters increases with distance from the soma [7]. In CA1 pyramidal neurons, experiments using local uncaging of caged glutamate have shown th ...
Chemistry of ion coordination and hydration revealed by a K
... molecules around an ion at its extracellular entryway, and how it holds a K+ ion in a square antiprism of water molecules in a cavity near its intracellular entryway. Carbonyl oxygen atoms within the selectivity ®lter form a very similar square antiprism around each K+ binding site, as if to mimic t ...
... molecules around an ion at its extracellular entryway, and how it holds a K+ ion in a square antiprism of water molecules in a cavity near its intracellular entryway. Carbonyl oxygen atoms within the selectivity ®lter form a very similar square antiprism around each K+ binding site, as if to mimic t ...
regulation of the cytoskeleton and cell adhesion by
... GDP/GTP Exchange Proteins Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors There are guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), also known as GDP dissociation stimulators (GDSs), that facilitate the release of GDP from the Rho family GTPases, thereby promoting the binding of GTP (33) because the cytosolic conce ...
... GDP/GTP Exchange Proteins Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors There are guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), also known as GDP dissociation stimulators (GDSs), that facilitate the release of GDP from the Rho family GTPases, thereby promoting the binding of GTP (33) because the cytosolic conce ...
Mitochondria in Lung Biology and Pathology: More than - AJP-Lung
... Another difference between mitochondrial and nuclear DNA particularly relevant ...
... Another difference between mitochondrial and nuclear DNA particularly relevant ...
Session 238 Lens development and molecular cell biology
... Purpose: Celastrol, also known as tripterine, is isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine ‘Thunder of God Vine’. It shows significant activities in the treatment of chronic inflammatory, cancer and diabetic activity. Capsule opacification is the most common complication after cataract surgery. ...
... Purpose: Celastrol, also known as tripterine, is isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine ‘Thunder of God Vine’. It shows significant activities in the treatment of chronic inflammatory, cancer and diabetic activity. Capsule opacification is the most common complication after cataract surgery. ...
Understanding the role of growth factors in embryonic development
... While it is clear that FGF receptor signalling is essential for normal lens development and the differentiation of lens fibre cells, the exact nature of this signalling is only now being elucidated. In an attempt to better understand the mechanism(s) underlying the differential responsiveness of len ...
... While it is clear that FGF receptor signalling is essential for normal lens development and the differentiation of lens fibre cells, the exact nature of this signalling is only now being elucidated. In an attempt to better understand the mechanism(s) underlying the differential responsiveness of len ...
Popeye knew what he was doing!
... Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration Aerobic Respiration – Overview • There are four main stages in aerobic cellular respiration: 1. Glycolysis – Oxidation of glucose into pyruvate that occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell. 2. Kreb’s cycle preparation – Pyruvate is used to form acetylCoA in the matr ...
... Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration Aerobic Respiration – Overview • There are four main stages in aerobic cellular respiration: 1. Glycolysis – Oxidation of glucose into pyruvate that occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell. 2. Kreb’s cycle preparation – Pyruvate is used to form acetylCoA in the matr ...
Exosomes with major histocompatibility complex class II and
... with the plasma membrane the internal vesicles are released extracellularly and become exosomes [3]. APCs secrete exosomes that carry peptide-loaded MHC molecules, which can stimulate T-cell proliferation in vitro [3]. T-cell stimulation has also been seen when using exosomes from rat mast cells eng ...
... with the plasma membrane the internal vesicles are released extracellularly and become exosomes [3]. APCs secrete exosomes that carry peptide-loaded MHC molecules, which can stimulate T-cell proliferation in vitro [3]. T-cell stimulation has also been seen when using exosomes from rat mast cells eng ...
Plant hormones and seed germination
... Among the most important functions of plant hormones is controlling and coordinating cell division, growth and differentiation (Hooley, 1994). Plant hormones can affect different plant activities including seed dormancy and germination (Graeber et al., 2012). Plant hormones including abscisic acid ( ...
... Among the most important functions of plant hormones is controlling and coordinating cell division, growth and differentiation (Hooley, 1994). Plant hormones can affect different plant activities including seed dormancy and germination (Graeber et al., 2012). Plant hormones including abscisic acid ( ...
Is GABA excitatory or inhibitory at the AIS?
... Despite the seemingly ideal positioning of GABAergic synapses on the AIS for inhibition, the actions of GABA directly depend on the balance of intracellular and extracellular chloride concentration. High levels of extracellular chloride cause it to rush into the cell upon GABA activation whereas ...
... Despite the seemingly ideal positioning of GABAergic synapses on the AIS for inhibition, the actions of GABA directly depend on the balance of intracellular and extracellular chloride concentration. High levels of extracellular chloride cause it to rush into the cell upon GABA activation whereas ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.