Pain
... This type of referred pain occurs because both visceral and somatic afferents often converge on the same interneurons in the pain ...
... This type of referred pain occurs because both visceral and somatic afferents often converge on the same interneurons in the pain ...
Golgi Regeneration after Brefeldin A Treatment in
... Golgi apparatus (COPI via Arf1). In accordance with this, Golgi fragmentation at the onset of mitosis in animal cells is initiated by a sequential inactivation of Arf1 and Sar1 activities (Altan-Bonnet et al., 2003, 2006). As such, the breakdown and reassembly of the Golgi apparatus during mitosis i ...
... Golgi apparatus (COPI via Arf1). In accordance with this, Golgi fragmentation at the onset of mitosis in animal cells is initiated by a sequential inactivation of Arf1 and Sar1 activities (Altan-Bonnet et al., 2003, 2006). As such, the breakdown and reassembly of the Golgi apparatus during mitosis i ...
Shh signalling and cell death in limb development
... Fig. 1. Shh expression and cell death following grafts of polarising region cells (A-H) or Shh beads (I-L) to the posterior margin. (A) Graft of polarising region cells to posterior margin of a stage 20 wing bud. Embryo collected immediately after the operation and subjected to in situ hybridisation ...
... Fig. 1. Shh expression and cell death following grafts of polarising region cells (A-H) or Shh beads (I-L) to the posterior margin. (A) Graft of polarising region cells to posterior margin of a stage 20 wing bud. Embryo collected immediately after the operation and subjected to in situ hybridisation ...
Full-Text PDF
... and hypophosphorylated Rb); (4) senescence-associated heterochromatic foci; and (5) enlarged or flat cell morphology [29]. In addition, senescent cells secrete a number of extracellular factors, including transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), insulin-like growth factor 1 binding protein (IGFBP), a ...
... and hypophosphorylated Rb); (4) senescence-associated heterochromatic foci; and (5) enlarged or flat cell morphology [29]. In addition, senescent cells secrete a number of extracellular factors, including transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), insulin-like growth factor 1 binding protein (IGFBP), a ...
Bile Formation: a Concerted Action of Membrane
... canaliculi, formed by and embedded between adjacent liver cells. At this site, bile constituents may be synthesized within hepatocytes and secreted across their apical (canalicular) cell membranes into the bile canaliculi. Alternatively, liver cells may extract and take up “cholephils” from the sinu ...
... canaliculi, formed by and embedded between adjacent liver cells. At this site, bile constituents may be synthesized within hepatocytes and secreted across their apical (canalicular) cell membranes into the bile canaliculi. Alternatively, liver cells may extract and take up “cholephils” from the sinu ...
Dev Biol 364(2), 138-48. PDF
... many structural and regulatory components that are commonly found and function in many epithelial tissues. However, the mechanism of TE formation is currently not well understood. Prickle1 (Pk1), a core component of the planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway, is essential for epiblast polarization befor ...
... many structural and regulatory components that are commonly found and function in many epithelial tissues. However, the mechanism of TE formation is currently not well understood. Prickle1 (Pk1), a core component of the planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway, is essential for epiblast polarization befor ...
Intracellular control of developmental and regenerative axon growth
... In the past few years, major progress has been made in understanding specific aspects of PI3K and extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) regulation in axon extension. Campenot chamber studies have shown that both pathways are required for neurotrophin-induced axon assembly (Atwal et al. 2000). ...
... In the past few years, major progress has been made in understanding specific aspects of PI3K and extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) regulation in axon extension. Campenot chamber studies have shown that both pathways are required for neurotrophin-induced axon assembly (Atwal et al. 2000). ...
Presequence-Independent Manner Transported by the TIM23
... transporters and the insertase OxaI, contain N-terminal presequences (2, 16, 20). The insertion of these proteins into the lipid phase requires the presequence translocase (TIM23 complex), which initially recognizes the precursor through an interaction between the presequence and the receptor Tim50 ...
... transporters and the insertase OxaI, contain N-terminal presequences (2, 16, 20). The insertion of these proteins into the lipid phase requires the presequence translocase (TIM23 complex), which initially recognizes the precursor through an interaction between the presequence and the receptor Tim50 ...
Golgi clusters and vesicles mediate mitotic inheritance
... function of time. To estimate this pool, the fluorescence intensity of Golgi fragments whose trajectories could be followed (i.e., those that were consistently visible over time, for example, those fragments indicated by an arrow and an arrowhead in Fig. 3 A) were summed and found to account for onl ...
... function of time. To estimate this pool, the fluorescence intensity of Golgi fragments whose trajectories could be followed (i.e., those that were consistently visible over time, for example, those fragments indicated by an arrow and an arrowhead in Fig. 3 A) were summed and found to account for onl ...
Dopamine Receptor–Mediated Mechanisms Involved in the
... revealed that striatal neurons respond not only to D1-class but also to D2-class DA receptor agonists (Cepeda et al. 1993; Uchimura et al. 1986). On the other hand, most cholinergic interneurons in the striatum have D2-class receptors and some of them have D1-class receptors (Le Moine et al. 1991; L ...
... revealed that striatal neurons respond not only to D1-class but also to D2-class DA receptor agonists (Cepeda et al. 1993; Uchimura et al. 1986). On the other hand, most cholinergic interneurons in the striatum have D2-class receptors and some of them have D1-class receptors (Le Moine et al. 1991; L ...
Estrogenic influences in pain processing Linköping University Post Print
... When the ER is not bound to its ligand, it is located in the nucleus or cytoplasm and is stabilized by a complex of heat-shock proteins that mask the ligand- and/or DNA-binding region of the receptor. Estrogens passively diffuse into the cell and bind to the ligand-binding domain, which in turn is a ...
... When the ER is not bound to its ligand, it is located in the nucleus or cytoplasm and is stabilized by a complex of heat-shock proteins that mask the ligand- and/or DNA-binding region of the receptor. Estrogens passively diffuse into the cell and bind to the ligand-binding domain, which in turn is a ...
p62/SQSTM1 Binds Directly to Atg8/LC3 to Facilitate Degradation of
... endocytosis and cytoplasmic components delivered by autophagy. Various categories of autophagy have been defined differing in the delivery route of cytoplasmic material. These include macroautophagy (hereafter called autophagy), microautophagy, and chaperone-mediated autophagy (2– 4). Macroautophagy ...
... endocytosis and cytoplasmic components delivered by autophagy. Various categories of autophagy have been defined differing in the delivery route of cytoplasmic material. These include macroautophagy (hereafter called autophagy), microautophagy, and chaperone-mediated autophagy (2– 4). Macroautophagy ...
The neuroepithelial basement membrane serves as a boundary and
... remaining spread along the migratory pathway in r4 and r5 at 48 hpf (Figure 3B). In addition, aPKCl m567 mutants show a novel, partially penetrant phenotype (27%; n = 67) in which a subset of migrating FBMNs deviates from their normal path and mismigrates ventrally (Figure 3F, arrow; Table 1). As aP ...
... remaining spread along the migratory pathway in r4 and r5 at 48 hpf (Figure 3B). In addition, aPKCl m567 mutants show a novel, partially penetrant phenotype (27%; n = 67) in which a subset of migrating FBMNs deviates from their normal path and mismigrates ventrally (Figure 3F, arrow; Table 1). As aP ...
Modulation of the Antigenic Peptide Transporter TAP by
... Results The mAb148.3 binds to the very last five C-terminal amino acid residues of human TAP1 So far, only three monoclonal antibodies to human TAP have been generated.25,26 The mAb148.3, which is specific for human TAP1, is an important diag- ...
... Results The mAb148.3 binds to the very last five C-terminal amino acid residues of human TAP1 So far, only three monoclonal antibodies to human TAP have been generated.25,26 The mAb148.3, which is specific for human TAP1, is an important diag- ...
Sequence and Tissue Distribution of a Second Protein of Hepatic
... Mr protein of eye lens (Nicholson et al., 1985, 1987; Kistler et al., 1988) and comparisons of the complete sequences deduced from the cDNAs of Cx32 (Paul, 1986; Kumar and Gilula, 1986), Cx43 (Beyer et al., 1987), and Cx26 (here). In contrast, a given connexin is relatively well conserved between s ...
... Mr protein of eye lens (Nicholson et al., 1985, 1987; Kistler et al., 1988) and comparisons of the complete sequences deduced from the cDNAs of Cx32 (Paul, 1986; Kumar and Gilula, 1986), Cx43 (Beyer et al., 1987), and Cx26 (here). In contrast, a given connexin is relatively well conserved between s ...
AD_________________ Award Number: W81XWH-07-1-0202
... cancer cells. However, targeting a specific gene with well-defined clinical rationale will provide a better chance of developing a more effective therapeutic agent. FAS is expressed at low or undetectable levels in most normal human tissues, with the exception of lactating breast and cycling endomet ...
... cancer cells. However, targeting a specific gene with well-defined clinical rationale will provide a better chance of developing a more effective therapeutic agent. FAS is expressed at low or undetectable levels in most normal human tissues, with the exception of lactating breast and cycling endomet ...
Dual Modes of Endoplasmic Reticulum-to
... Organelles of the neuronal secretory pathway are critical for the addition of membrane that accompanies neuronal development, as well as for the proper localization of plasma membrane proteins necessary for polarity, synaptic transmission, and plasticity. Here, we demonstrate that two organizations ...
... Organelles of the neuronal secretory pathway are critical for the addition of membrane that accompanies neuronal development, as well as for the proper localization of plasma membrane proteins necessary for polarity, synaptic transmission, and plasticity. Here, we demonstrate that two organizations ...
Loss of PTEN Promotes Tumor Development in
... Cascade Bioscience (Winchester, MA); anti-Akt, anti-phospho-Akt (ser 473), and anti-Caspase-3 from Cell Signaling Technologies, Inc. (Beverly, MA); and ␣-enolase from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. (Santa Cruz, CA). All of the secondary antibodies were conjugated with horseradish peroxidase and obta ...
... Cascade Bioscience (Winchester, MA); anti-Akt, anti-phospho-Akt (ser 473), and anti-Caspase-3 from Cell Signaling Technologies, Inc. (Beverly, MA); and ␣-enolase from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. (Santa Cruz, CA). All of the secondary antibodies were conjugated with horseradish peroxidase and obta ...
The presence of monoglucosylated N196
... It introduces diversity into a biological system because of its inherent structural heterogeneity, and thus plays critical roles during a variety of cellular processes, such as protein folding, protein–protein interaction, immune response and responses to pathogens [2–4]. More than half of all eukar ...
... It introduces diversity into a biological system because of its inherent structural heterogeneity, and thus plays critical roles during a variety of cellular processes, such as protein folding, protein–protein interaction, immune response and responses to pathogens [2–4]. More than half of all eukar ...
Cellular Mechanisms in the Amygdala Involved in Memory
... presentation of the CS without the US elicits, in the conditioned animal, defensive behavioral responses (freezing responses), autonomic nervous system responses (change in blood pressure and heart rate) and neuroendocrine responses (release of hormones from the pituitary and adrenal glands). This s ...
... presentation of the CS without the US elicits, in the conditioned animal, defensive behavioral responses (freezing responses), autonomic nervous system responses (change in blood pressure and heart rate) and neuroendocrine responses (release of hormones from the pituitary and adrenal glands). This s ...
Differential Effects of Rapamycin on Mammalian Target of
... G418 (Invitrogen). Clonogenic assays were performed by seeding equal num- HEK 293 cells was determined with a CellTiter 96 Aqueous One Solution Cell bers of HEK 293 cells into 60-mm dishes. The medium was replaced every 3rd Proliferation kit (Promega). FL5.12 proliferation assays were performed by d ...
... G418 (Invitrogen). Clonogenic assays were performed by seeding equal num- HEK 293 cells was determined with a CellTiter 96 Aqueous One Solution Cell bers of HEK 293 cells into 60-mm dishes. The medium was replaced every 3rd Proliferation kit (Promega). FL5.12 proliferation assays were performed by d ...
The role of the NKG2D receptor for tumor immunity
... Nevertheless, there are instances where NKG2D can act as a primary activation receptor also in T cells. TCR-independent NKG2D-mediated responses can be elicited in long term cultured or cloned human CD8+ T cells [26,29]. In particular, CD8+ T lymphocytes from patients with celiac disease can be acti ...
... Nevertheless, there are instances where NKG2D can act as a primary activation receptor also in T cells. TCR-independent NKG2D-mediated responses can be elicited in long term cultured or cloned human CD8+ T cells [26,29]. In particular, CD8+ T lymphocytes from patients with celiac disease can be acti ...
Evidence That Ternary Complex (eIF2-GTP-tRNAi
... cells were washed in 2⫻ SSC and then incubated for 1 h in donkey anti-goat Cy antibody (1/200 dilution) and 0.5 g/ml Hoechst dye. Cells were washed and mounted, and specimens were viewed using ...
... cells were washed in 2⫻ SSC and then incubated for 1 h in donkey anti-goat Cy antibody (1/200 dilution) and 0.5 g/ml Hoechst dye. Cells were washed and mounted, and specimens were viewed using ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.