... 2006). NS2 also has the enzymatic ability of hydrolyzing nucleotide triphosphates (NTPs) to nucleotide monophosphates (Horscroft and Roy, 2000; Taraporewala et al., 2001). Although the significance of this activity is not clear, it can be envisaged that genome transportation and packaging are energy ...
Evidence for chloroplast control of external Ca -induced
... Elevating external Ca2+ induces stomatal closure in several plants, including Commelina communis (McAinsh et al., 1995) and Arabidopsis (Allen et al., 1999). As shown in Figure 1(d), 2 mM CaCl2 induced stomatal closure within 2 h in wild-type Arabidopsis. On the other hand, [Ca2+]extinduced stomatal ...
... Elevating external Ca2+ induces stomatal closure in several plants, including Commelina communis (McAinsh et al., 1995) and Arabidopsis (Allen et al., 1999). As shown in Figure 1(d), 2 mM CaCl2 induced stomatal closure within 2 h in wild-type Arabidopsis. On the other hand, [Ca2+]extinduced stomatal ...
Loss of the Mili-interacting Tudor domain–containing protein
... Myc-tagged Tdrd1 in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293T cell cultures. Anti-HA Figure 1 Tdrd1 is a Mili-specific interacting factor. (a) Above, known protein domains of Tdrd1 are immunoprecipitation and western blot ana- shown. Middle, Tdrd1 interacts with Mili, but not Miwi, in adult mouse testes ext ...
... Myc-tagged Tdrd1 in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293T cell cultures. Anti-HA Figure 1 Tdrd1 is a Mili-specific interacting factor. (a) Above, known protein domains of Tdrd1 are immunoprecipitation and western blot ana- shown. Middle, Tdrd1 interacts with Mili, but not Miwi, in adult mouse testes ext ...
Introduction to Molecular Communication
... Delay - propagation times very long compared to speed of light Range - techniques can have very short practical ranges Fragility - biological components can be environmentally sensitive (temperature, pH, other reagents) ...
... Delay - propagation times very long compared to speed of light Range - techniques can have very short practical ranges Fragility - biological components can be environmentally sensitive (temperature, pH, other reagents) ...
Basic Mechanisms Underlying Seizures and Epilepsy
... • Three subtypes – AMPA, kainate, NMDA • Glutamate-gated cation channels ...
... • Three subtypes – AMPA, kainate, NMDA • Glutamate-gated cation channels ...
Proteome analysis of tobacco BY-2 cell culture - ETH E
... except pollen. They are responsible for many of the essential biosynthetic and metabolic activities required for the basic architecture and functions of plant cells. Depending on the tissue type, they are differentiated into different forms. Proplastids are progenitors of all plastid types and act a ...
... except pollen. They are responsible for many of the essential biosynthetic and metabolic activities required for the basic architecture and functions of plant cells. Depending on the tissue type, they are differentiated into different forms. Proplastids are progenitors of all plastid types and act a ...
c-Myc Overexpression Increases Cell Size and Impairs Cartilage
... that occasionally led to interdigital chondrogenesis. In contrast, c-myc overexpression did not interfere with other processes, such as muscle differentiation. Although based on overexpression experiments, our results suggest that endogenous c-Myc may be implicated in the control of cell size and sk ...
... that occasionally led to interdigital chondrogenesis. In contrast, c-myc overexpression did not interfere with other processes, such as muscle differentiation. Although based on overexpression experiments, our results suggest that endogenous c-Myc may be implicated in the control of cell size and sk ...
Further analysis on lidocaine-induced increase in intracellular Zn2+
... studies, lidocaine augmented FluoZin-3 fluorescence of rat thymocytes (Nishimura and Oyama, 2009) whereas tetracaine attenuated it (Kimura et al., 2011). These results suggested that lidocaine increased intracellular Zn2+ concentration while tetracaine decreased it. Tetracaine was supposed to attenu ...
... studies, lidocaine augmented FluoZin-3 fluorescence of rat thymocytes (Nishimura and Oyama, 2009) whereas tetracaine attenuated it (Kimura et al., 2011). These results suggested that lidocaine increased intracellular Zn2+ concentration while tetracaine decreased it. Tetracaine was supposed to attenu ...
dbPSP: a curated database for protein phosphorylation sites in
... its critical roles in various cellular processes such as signal transduction. Thus, an integrative data resource of the prokaryotic phosphorylation will be useful for further analysis. In this study, we presented a curated database of phosphorylation sites in prokaryotes (dbPSP, Database URL: http:/ ...
... its critical roles in various cellular processes such as signal transduction. Thus, an integrative data resource of the prokaryotic phosphorylation will be useful for further analysis. In this study, we presented a curated database of phosphorylation sites in prokaryotes (dbPSP, Database URL: http:/ ...
Long-term potentiation in the anterior cingulate cortex and chronic
... containing GluN2B (NR2B) and GluN2A (NR2A) subunits are important for NMDA receptor functions in the ACC neurons. Ca2þ serves as an important intracellular signal for triggering a series of biochemical events that contribute to the expression of LTP. Ca2þ binds to calmodulin (CaM) and leads to activ ...
... containing GluN2B (NR2B) and GluN2A (NR2A) subunits are important for NMDA receptor functions in the ACC neurons. Ca2þ serves as an important intracellular signal for triggering a series of biochemical events that contribute to the expression of LTP. Ca2þ binds to calmodulin (CaM) and leads to activ ...
Apical constriction: themes and variations on a cellular mechanism
... constriction is also associated with the extrusion of apoptotic or delaminating cells (Toyama et al., 2008; Slattum et al., 2009; Marinari et al., 2012) and wound contraction and healing (Davidson et al., 2002; Antunes et al., 2013). Thus, apical constriction remodels epithelia in a variety of ways ...
... constriction is also associated with the extrusion of apoptotic or delaminating cells (Toyama et al., 2008; Slattum et al., 2009; Marinari et al., 2012) and wound contraction and healing (Davidson et al., 2002; Antunes et al., 2013). Thus, apical constriction remodels epithelia in a variety of ways ...
Lactococcus lactis as expression host for the biosynthetic
... strains to stimulate the incorporation of Trp analogues [18]. This approach was explored for L. lactis PA1001 in CDM. A concentration of 0.2 mg/ml of IAA completely inhibited the growth of L. lactis PA1001 (Figure 3A). However, addition of Trp did not elevate the IAA-inhibitory effect, suggesting th ...
... strains to stimulate the incorporation of Trp analogues [18]. This approach was explored for L. lactis PA1001 in CDM. A concentration of 0.2 mg/ml of IAA completely inhibited the growth of L. lactis PA1001 (Figure 3A). However, addition of Trp did not elevate the IAA-inhibitory effect, suggesting th ...
Building and Breaking Bridges between Sister Chromatids
... loop or Walker A motif. The carboxy-terminal domain contains a socalled DA-box, which was initially thought to be a helix-loop-helix ...
... loop or Walker A motif. The carboxy-terminal domain contains a socalled DA-box, which was initially thought to be a helix-loop-helix ...
Chapter 17. Cytoskeleton Chapter 17. Cytoskeleton Chapter 17
... Chapter 17. Cytoskeleton • Cells are not “bags of enzymes”, but rather organized in three dimensions. • This organization is carried out by the cytoskeleton, the “bones and muscles” (and more) of cells. • Cells are thousands of times larger than a typical molecule. Therefore the cytoskeleton must lo ...
... Chapter 17. Cytoskeleton • Cells are not “bags of enzymes”, but rather organized in three dimensions. • This organization is carried out by the cytoskeleton, the “bones and muscles” (and more) of cells. • Cells are thousands of times larger than a typical molecule. Therefore the cytoskeleton must lo ...
1. Sources of cholesterol • diet ~ 30 % • biosynthesis ~ 70% 2. Types
... Protein) is trapped in the endoplasmic reticulum when cell free cholesterol is high because the protease needed to cleave the pre-portion is inhibited. • When the free cholesterol falls, the protease is active and the pre- SREBP-1 is cleaved to liberate a fragment SREBP-1 that enters the nucleus. Th ...
... Protein) is trapped in the endoplasmic reticulum when cell free cholesterol is high because the protease needed to cleave the pre-portion is inhibited. • When the free cholesterol falls, the protease is active and the pre- SREBP-1 is cleaved to liberate a fragment SREBP-1 that enters the nucleus. Th ...
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1
... the p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway, whose canonical role is to transduce cellular responses to mitogenic signals (Roovers and Assoian, 2000). GTPbound Ras activates Raf1 kinase and assembles Raf, the dual specificity kinases MEK1/2 and the p42/p44 MAP kinases extracellular si ...
... the p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway, whose canonical role is to transduce cellular responses to mitogenic signals (Roovers and Assoian, 2000). GTPbound Ras activates Raf1 kinase and assembles Raf, the dual specificity kinases MEK1/2 and the p42/p44 MAP kinases extracellular si ...
6 PUFA - SENS Research Foundation
... activity of respiratory chain complexes mitochondrial membrane potential ...
... activity of respiratory chain complexes mitochondrial membrane potential ...
Supplementary Information
... residues. The Fabs are numbered sequentially in all Figures and CD47 numbering starts at the N-terminus of the mature protein. The CD47 molecules in the Fab complexes superimposed among themselves and with the CD47 molecule bound to SIRPα (PDB code 2JJS;4) with RMSD of 0.45-0.98Å (Cα atom superposi ...
... residues. The Fabs are numbered sequentially in all Figures and CD47 numbering starts at the N-terminus of the mature protein. The CD47 molecules in the Fab complexes superimposed among themselves and with the CD47 molecule bound to SIRPα (PDB code 2JJS;4) with RMSD of 0.45-0.98Å (Cα atom superposi ...
Connecting muscles to tendons - Development
... during embryogenesis. (A)In the first stage, tendon progenitors are defined in the ectoderm by the induction of StripeB (SrB) expression by the products of segment polarity genes, such as Hedgehog (Hh) and Wingless (Wg). StripeB expression is maintained at a low level as a result of post-transcript ...
... during embryogenesis. (A)In the first stage, tendon progenitors are defined in the ectoderm by the induction of StripeB (SrB) expression by the products of segment polarity genes, such as Hedgehog (Hh) and Wingless (Wg). StripeB expression is maintained at a low level as a result of post-transcript ...
Vertebrate limb development--the early stages in chick - ICB-USP
... Several consistent findings have emerged. All the studies in both chick and mouse agree that the boundary of the ventral compartment lies at the mid-point of the apical ridge (at least at early stages in ridge formation) and that this ventral compartment corresponds precisely with the domain of expr ...
... Several consistent findings have emerged. All the studies in both chick and mouse agree that the boundary of the ventral compartment lies at the mid-point of the apical ridge (at least at early stages in ridge formation) and that this ventral compartment corresponds precisely with the domain of expr ...
della protein function during differential growth - RiuNet
... The plant hormones gibberellins (GAs) regulate multiple processes of plant development, such as seed germination, photomorphogenesis, vegetative growth, and flower and fruit development. Most of this regulation occurs at the transcriptional level, through the activity of the DELLAs, which are nucl ...
... The plant hormones gibberellins (GAs) regulate multiple processes of plant development, such as seed germination, photomorphogenesis, vegetative growth, and flower and fruit development. Most of this regulation occurs at the transcriptional level, through the activity of the DELLAs, which are nucl ...
Pain
... This type of referred pain occurs because both visceral and somatic afferents often converge on the same interneurons in the pain ...
... This type of referred pain occurs because both visceral and somatic afferents often converge on the same interneurons in the pain ...
Metabolite transport across the peroxisomal membrane
... was found to be completely normal in these knockouts, it was concluded that the defect occurs upstream of the β-oxidation process, presumably at the level of fatty acid import. These results suggest the existence of at least two distinct pathways for the import of fatty acids: (i) a Pxa1p/Pxa2p-inde ...
... was found to be completely normal in these knockouts, it was concluded that the defect occurs upstream of the β-oxidation process, presumably at the level of fatty acid import. These results suggest the existence of at least two distinct pathways for the import of fatty acids: (i) a Pxa1p/Pxa2p-inde ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.