The Pathogen-Actin Connection: A Platform for Defense Signaling in
... (60). In plants, a causal link has yet to be established between the activation of MAPK signaling and the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton; however, a number of studies have independently investigated functional and regulatory processes that potentially link MAPK signaling and cortical actin dyn ...
... (60). In plants, a causal link has yet to be established between the activation of MAPK signaling and the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton; however, a number of studies have independently investigated functional and regulatory processes that potentially link MAPK signaling and cortical actin dyn ...
Get PDF - Wiley Online Library
... The poly(A) tail is bound by the poly(A)-binding protein (PABP), which is necessary for efficient translation (for reviews, see Jacobson, 1996; Sachs et al., 1997). In yeast, eIF4G was found to associate with PABP (Tarun and Sachs, 1996). The PABP-binding site was mapped to an N-terminal region prox ...
... The poly(A) tail is bound by the poly(A)-binding protein (PABP), which is necessary for efficient translation (for reviews, see Jacobson, 1996; Sachs et al., 1997). In yeast, eIF4G was found to associate with PABP (Tarun and Sachs, 1996). The PABP-binding site was mapped to an N-terminal region prox ...
Taipoxin induces synaptic vesicle exocytosis and disrupts the
... process of SV fusion, since it is involved in the formation of a heterotrimeric complex (termed SNARE complex) with SNAP-25 and syntaxin, two proteins associated with the cytosolic face of the presynaptic membrane (Sudhof, 2004). Tetanus toxin and certain serotypes of botulinum toxin cleave the cyto ...
... process of SV fusion, since it is involved in the formation of a heterotrimeric complex (termed SNARE complex) with SNAP-25 and syntaxin, two proteins associated with the cytosolic face of the presynaptic membrane (Sudhof, 2004). Tetanus toxin and certain serotypes of botulinum toxin cleave the cyto ...
Protein stabilization: a common consequence of mutations
... The prototypic v-Myc gene of MC29 virus diers from avian c-Myc by a series of mutations, including a change at a regulatory phosphorylation site within the mutational hotspot (thr-61) which is known to potentiate transformation in vitro. We now show that the mutation at thr-61 stabilizes the v-Myc ...
... The prototypic v-Myc gene of MC29 virus diers from avian c-Myc by a series of mutations, including a change at a regulatory phosphorylation site within the mutational hotspot (thr-61) which is known to potentiate transformation in vitro. We now show that the mutation at thr-61 stabilizes the v-Myc ...
Document
... insulin to the alpha subunits causes the beta subunits to phosphorylate themselves (autophosphorylation), thus activating the catalytic activity of the receptor. The activated receptor then phosphorylates a number of intracellular proteins, which in turn alters their activity, thereby generating a b ...
... insulin to the alpha subunits causes the beta subunits to phosphorylate themselves (autophosphorylation), thus activating the catalytic activity of the receptor. The activated receptor then phosphorylates a number of intracellular proteins, which in turn alters their activity, thereby generating a b ...
20 Insulin Secretion and Action
... diabetes syndromes and diabetes in some animal models. Defective expression of β-cell mitochondrial protein frataxin, a gene that is deficient in Friedreich ataxia, results in decreased β-cell proliferation and increased apoptosis in experimental mice, suggesting that the diabetes associated with Fr ...
... diabetes syndromes and diabetes in some animal models. Defective expression of β-cell mitochondrial protein frataxin, a gene that is deficient in Friedreich ataxia, results in decreased β-cell proliferation and increased apoptosis in experimental mice, suggesting that the diabetes associated with Fr ...
Effects of Molecular Crowding on Binding Affinity of Dihydrofolate to
... one active site, specific for NADPH and DHF 1. R67, on the other hand has one binding site that binds both NADPH and DHF ligands 1. The enzyme efficiency of DHFR changes when DHF interacts with other molecules. DHF Interaction with Osmolytes and Solutes According to Grubbs’s model (Appendix B), with ...
... one active site, specific for NADPH and DHF 1. R67, on the other hand has one binding site that binds both NADPH and DHF ligands 1. The enzyme efficiency of DHFR changes when DHF interacts with other molecules. DHF Interaction with Osmolytes and Solutes According to Grubbs’s model (Appendix B), with ...
Co-translational Folding
... – formation of disulfide bridges and attachment of any of a number of biochemical functional groups, such as acetate, phosphate, various lipids and carbohydrates. – Removal of one or more amino acids from the amino end of the polypeptide chain, or cutting the polypeptide in the middle of the chain – ...
... – formation of disulfide bridges and attachment of any of a number of biochemical functional groups, such as acetate, phosphate, various lipids and carbohydrates. – Removal of one or more amino acids from the amino end of the polypeptide chain, or cutting the polypeptide in the middle of the chain – ...
- Free Documents
... both cases it is the gain or loss oI phosphate groups that determines whether the protein is active or inactive. The largest class consists oI proteins that are activated or inactivated by . For these proteins, the switch is thrown in one Chapter phosphorylation discussed in direction by a protein k ...
... both cases it is the gain or loss oI phosphate groups that determines whether the protein is active or inactive. The largest class consists oI proteins that are activated or inactivated by . For these proteins, the switch is thrown in one Chapter phosphorylation discussed in direction by a protein k ...
PCtpc201500393rar1_pap_plantcell 1..22
... Prior to the release of their cargoes into the vacuolar lumen, sorting endosomes mature into multivesicular bodies (MVBs) through the action of ENDOSOMAL COMPLEX REQUIRED FOR TRANSPORT (ESCRT) protein complexes. MVB-mediated sorting of high-affinity phosphate transporters (PHT1) to the vacuole limits ...
... Prior to the release of their cargoes into the vacuolar lumen, sorting endosomes mature into multivesicular bodies (MVBs) through the action of ENDOSOMAL COMPLEX REQUIRED FOR TRANSPORT (ESCRT) protein complexes. MVB-mediated sorting of high-affinity phosphate transporters (PHT1) to the vacuole limits ...
PDF - Bellen Lab
... To define the binding defects caused by the syx mutations, we performed GST pulldown assays. In this assay, GST alone, wild-type GST–Syx, or mutant GST–Syntaxins were immobilized on glutathione–Sepharose beads and incubated with target proteins. The binary Syb–Syx interaction is easily disrupted, as ...
... To define the binding defects caused by the syx mutations, we performed GST pulldown assays. In this assay, GST alone, wild-type GST–Syx, or mutant GST–Syntaxins were immobilized on glutathione–Sepharose beads and incubated with target proteins. The binary Syb–Syx interaction is easily disrupted, as ...
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... the aberrant aggregation induced by increased Slit-Robo expression. Our study suggests a novel mechanism whereby N-cadherin acts in concert with Slit-Robo signaling in mediating the placodal cell adhesion required for proper gangliogenesis. ...
... the aberrant aggregation induced by increased Slit-Robo expression. Our study suggests a novel mechanism whereby N-cadherin acts in concert with Slit-Robo signaling in mediating the placodal cell adhesion required for proper gangliogenesis. ...
Regulation of Maltose Transport and Metabolism in Saccharomyces
... and the third one looks like a half-site sequence. A similar motif, CGGN6CGC, has a sequence in the promoter of MAL63 itself, which binds Mal63. And finally, in all these sequences, the N6 region is very AT rich. There is still no clear information about the mechanism by which Mal63 is activated in ...
... and the third one looks like a half-site sequence. A similar motif, CGGN6CGC, has a sequence in the promoter of MAL63 itself, which binds Mal63. And finally, in all these sequences, the N6 region is very AT rich. There is still no clear information about the mechanism by which Mal63 is activated in ...
THE AREA POSTREMA: A POTENTIAL SITE FOR CIRCADIAN REGULATION BY
... including an N-terminal hexapeptide sequence (AVITGA) and five disulfide bonds that were demonstrated by mutagenesis to be critical for protein structure and function (Bullock et al., ...
... including an N-terminal hexapeptide sequence (AVITGA) and five disulfide bonds that were demonstrated by mutagenesis to be critical for protein structure and function (Bullock et al., ...
Cholecystokinin Modulates Migration of
... novel data demonstrating that CCK transcript and protein are expressed in sensory cells in the developing olfactory epithelium and vomeronasal organ, with both ligand and receptors (CCK-1R and CCK-2R) found on olfactory axons throughout prenatal development. In addition, migrating GnRH-1 neurons in ...
... novel data demonstrating that CCK transcript and protein are expressed in sensory cells in the developing olfactory epithelium and vomeronasal organ, with both ligand and receptors (CCK-1R and CCK-2R) found on olfactory axons throughout prenatal development. In addition, migrating GnRH-1 neurons in ...
OMPROT PP2 ver4 - Plant Physiology
... undergo fusion, fission and rapid movements, suggesting a dynamic interaction with components of the cytoskeleton (Sheahan et al., 2004; Sheahan et al., 2005; Logan, 2010). However, many of the specific proteins that mediate such processes remain unknown. While mitochondria do play a central role in ...
... undergo fusion, fission and rapid movements, suggesting a dynamic interaction with components of the cytoskeleton (Sheahan et al., 2004; Sheahan et al., 2005; Logan, 2010). However, many of the specific proteins that mediate such processes remain unknown. While mitochondria do play a central role in ...
Nor-binaltorphimine Precipitates Withdrawal and Excitatory Amino
... equilibration period of 2 to 3 hr. Thereafter, a series of four or five sequential 15-min samples were collected for determination of basal concentrations of glutamate and aspartate. Nor-binaltorphimine was injected i.c.v. (48 nmol/5 ml) over a 5-min period using a hand-held microliter syringe. Samp ...
... equilibration period of 2 to 3 hr. Thereafter, a series of four or five sequential 15-min samples were collected for determination of basal concentrations of glutamate and aspartate. Nor-binaltorphimine was injected i.c.v. (48 nmol/5 ml) over a 5-min period using a hand-held microliter syringe. Samp ...
when to switch to flowering
... It encodes a protein showing similarities to phosphatidylethanolamine-binding proteins, which associate with membrane protein complexes and may therefore function in signaling pathways. ...
... It encodes a protein showing similarities to phosphatidylethanolamine-binding proteins, which associate with membrane protein complexes and may therefore function in signaling pathways. ...
mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2) controls hydrophobic motif
... (mammalian target of rapamycin) protein kinase, termed mTORC1 (mTOR complex 1) and mTORC2 (mTOR complex 2), play a vital role in mediating the hydrophobic motif phosphorylation of Akt and S6K, as well as certain isoforms of PKC [18,19]. mTORC1 phosphorylates the hydrophobic motif residue of S6K (Thr ...
... (mammalian target of rapamycin) protein kinase, termed mTORC1 (mTOR complex 1) and mTORC2 (mTOR complex 2), play a vital role in mediating the hydrophobic motif phosphorylation of Akt and S6K, as well as certain isoforms of PKC [18,19]. mTORC1 phosphorylates the hydrophobic motif residue of S6K (Thr ...
measuring force in the developing zebrafish embryo using
... of a frog or fish or mouse. In the last 40 years, the zebrafish has emerged as a powerful system for studying these early movements in a vertebrate system. Its large, optically transparent embryos make it a good candidate for advanced microscopy techniques, and in recent years this model organism ha ...
... of a frog or fish or mouse. In the last 40 years, the zebrafish has emerged as a powerful system for studying these early movements in a vertebrate system. Its large, optically transparent embryos make it a good candidate for advanced microscopy techniques, and in recent years this model organism ha ...
Glossary of Olfactory Terms
... an olfactory disorder in which a normal, pleasant odor is perceived as foul or putrefactive. For example, in one form of cacosmia, a subject smells rotting meat when no such odor is present. ...
... an olfactory disorder in which a normal, pleasant odor is perceived as foul or putrefactive. For example, in one form of cacosmia, a subject smells rotting meat when no such odor is present. ...
Plasticity-related genes in brain development and amygdala
... the cytosol and nucleus. Classic examples of signal transduction molecules that promote both developmental and learning-related plasticity include brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and the extracellular signaling-related kinases (ERKs). Although originally described for their roles in cell pr ...
... the cytosol and nucleus. Classic examples of signal transduction molecules that promote both developmental and learning-related plasticity include brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and the extracellular signaling-related kinases (ERKs). Although originally described for their roles in cell pr ...
Basic Mechanisms Underlying Seizures and Epilepsy
... • Three subtypes – AMPA, kainate, NMDA • Glutamate-gated cation channels ...
... • Three subtypes – AMPA, kainate, NMDA • Glutamate-gated cation channels ...
... 2006). NS2 also has the enzymatic ability of hydrolyzing nucleotide triphosphates (NTPs) to nucleotide monophosphates (Horscroft and Roy, 2000; Taraporewala et al., 2001). Although the significance of this activity is not clear, it can be envisaged that genome transportation and packaging are energy ...
Evidence for chloroplast control of external Ca -induced
... Elevating external Ca2+ induces stomatal closure in several plants, including Commelina communis (McAinsh et al., 1995) and Arabidopsis (Allen et al., 1999). As shown in Figure 1(d), 2 mM CaCl2 induced stomatal closure within 2 h in wild-type Arabidopsis. On the other hand, [Ca2+]extinduced stomatal ...
... Elevating external Ca2+ induces stomatal closure in several plants, including Commelina communis (McAinsh et al., 1995) and Arabidopsis (Allen et al., 1999). As shown in Figure 1(d), 2 mM CaCl2 induced stomatal closure within 2 h in wild-type Arabidopsis. On the other hand, [Ca2+]extinduced stomatal ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.