Fein A (2012) Nociceptors and the Perception of Pain.
... synaptic membrane potential. Therefore, by recording the variation of the membrane potential at the synapse, the nociceptor output could be indirectly surmised. Unfortunately, in most cases, it is technically difficult, if not impossible to record intracellularly from a synaptic terminal. The vast m ...
... synaptic membrane potential. Therefore, by recording the variation of the membrane potential at the synapse, the nociceptor output could be indirectly surmised. Unfortunately, in most cases, it is technically difficult, if not impossible to record intracellularly from a synaptic terminal. The vast m ...
HOLINS: The Protein Clocks of Bacteriophage Infections
... structurally other than that all three are monomeric, globular, and, at ∼18 kDa, relatively small (23, 30, 92). Recently, mosaicism within endolysin genes has been documented in a Staphylococcus phage, where different murein-binding domains and two muralytic activities were found in endolysins rangi ...
... structurally other than that all three are monomeric, globular, and, at ∼18 kDa, relatively small (23, 30, 92). Recently, mosaicism within endolysin genes has been documented in a Staphylococcus phage, where different murein-binding domains and two muralytic activities were found in endolysins rangi ...
Nitric Oxide Inhibits Matrix Metalloproteinase
... was added initially with the same concentration, the actual NO released into cultured medium was distinctly different by nearly 10-fold between DEA/NO (t1/2 ⬃17 min) and NOC18 (t1/2 ⬃57 h). As expected, NOC18 released NO with a slower but sustained rate. To avoid the potentially oxidative damage of ...
... was added initially with the same concentration, the actual NO released into cultured medium was distinctly different by nearly 10-fold between DEA/NO (t1/2 ⬃17 min) and NOC18 (t1/2 ⬃57 h). As expected, NOC18 released NO with a slower but sustained rate. To avoid the potentially oxidative damage of ...
Modulatory effects of histamine on cat carotid body chemoreception
... Histamine has been proposed to be an excitatory transmitter between the carotid body (CB) chemoreceptor (glomus) cells and petrosal ganglion (PG) neurons. The histamine biosynthetic pathway, its storage and release, as well as the presence of histamine H1, H2 and H3 receptors have been found in the ...
... Histamine has been proposed to be an excitatory transmitter between the carotid body (CB) chemoreceptor (glomus) cells and petrosal ganglion (PG) neurons. The histamine biosynthetic pathway, its storage and release, as well as the presence of histamine H1, H2 and H3 receptors have been found in the ...
Specific Organization of Golgi Apparatus in Plant Cells
... system of actin filaments in plants consists of actin bundles and networks. Interphase cells usually contain networks consisting of short interlaced filaments and cortical or cytoplasmic bundles, whereas mitotic cells include accumulations of filaments around the mitotic spindle and in the phragmopl ...
... system of actin filaments in plants consists of actin bundles and networks. Interphase cells usually contain networks consisting of short interlaced filaments and cortical or cytoplasmic bundles, whereas mitotic cells include accumulations of filaments around the mitotic spindle and in the phragmopl ...
Benzoate mediates the simultaneous repression of anaerobic 4
... Benzoate utilization during phase 1 coincided with the largest abundance increase (up to 24.3-fold) for the protein constituents of the anaerobic benzoyl-CoA pathway (BclA, BcrCBAD, Dch-1, Had-1, and Oah-1), which then constantly decreased during phases 2 and 3 (Additional file 1: Tables S1 and S2). ...
... Benzoate utilization during phase 1 coincided with the largest abundance increase (up to 24.3-fold) for the protein constituents of the anaerobic benzoyl-CoA pathway (BclA, BcrCBAD, Dch-1, Had-1, and Oah-1), which then constantly decreased during phases 2 and 3 (Additional file 1: Tables S1 and S2). ...
SOLUTIONS TO NEET 2017 - (7-5-2017) - Code P
... Which among the following are the smallest living cells, known without a definite cell wall, pathogenic to plants as well as animals and can survive without oxygen? (1) Bacillus (2) Pseudomonas (3) Mycoplasma (4) Nostoc XI NCERT Page 20 ...
... Which among the following are the smallest living cells, known without a definite cell wall, pathogenic to plants as well as animals and can survive without oxygen? (1) Bacillus (2) Pseudomonas (3) Mycoplasma (4) Nostoc XI NCERT Page 20 ...
Dynamic modification of the ETS transcription factor PEA3 by
... through a pathway composed of proteins, which show structural and functional homology with the ubiquitin pathway (reviewed in 7,8). Sumoylation is reversible, resulting in a dynamic process, which can be controlled in a number of ways such as through the action of protein kinase cascades (reviewed i ...
... through a pathway composed of proteins, which show structural and functional homology with the ubiquitin pathway (reviewed in 7,8). Sumoylation is reversible, resulting in a dynamic process, which can be controlled in a number of ways such as through the action of protein kinase cascades (reviewed i ...
How the Environment Regulates Root Architecture in Dicots
... LRs. Among them, auxin plays a crucial role, although other hormones contribute to the overall root architecture. We will emphasize here on the role of hormone signals in this regulation based on molecular genetic studies mainly in Arabidopsis. However other signals, such as the redox status, may al ...
... LRs. Among them, auxin plays a crucial role, although other hormones contribute to the overall root architecture. We will emphasize here on the role of hormone signals in this regulation based on molecular genetic studies mainly in Arabidopsis. However other signals, such as the redox status, may al ...
Increased and controlled expression of the Rickettsia
... bond reducing agents (but not thiol reagents), suggesting the presence of an intramolecular disulfide bond in the ATP/ ADP translocase that is essential for transport activity (Plano & Winkler, 1991). These data were used to propose an initial topological model of the R. prowaxekii ATP/ADP transloca ...
... bond reducing agents (but not thiol reagents), suggesting the presence of an intramolecular disulfide bond in the ATP/ ADP translocase that is essential for transport activity (Plano & Winkler, 1991). These data were used to propose an initial topological model of the R. prowaxekii ATP/ADP transloca ...
GAL4 System in Drosophila: A Fly Geneticist`s Swiss Army Knife
... divergently transcribed GAL10 and GAL1 genes by directly binding to four related 17 basepair (bp) sites located between these loci (Giniger et al., 1985). These sites define an Upstream Activating Sequences (UAS) element, analogous to an enhancer element defined in multicellular eukaryotes, which is ...
... divergently transcribed GAL10 and GAL1 genes by directly binding to four related 17 basepair (bp) sites located between these loci (Giniger et al., 1985). These sites define an Upstream Activating Sequences (UAS) element, analogous to an enhancer element defined in multicellular eukaryotes, which is ...
Protein kinase C- modulates mitochondrial function and active Na
... also play an important role in the promotion of the repair processes in RPTC. Nony and colleagues (27) demonstrated that collagen IV, but not collagen I, fibronectin, or laminin, promotes the recovery of mitochondrial function and Na⫹/K⫹ activity in toxicant-injured RPTC. However, the exact cellular ...
... also play an important role in the promotion of the repair processes in RPTC. Nony and colleagues (27) demonstrated that collagen IV, but not collagen I, fibronectin, or laminin, promotes the recovery of mitochondrial function and Na⫹/K⫹ activity in toxicant-injured RPTC. However, the exact cellular ...
Abscisic Acid Coordinates Nod Factor and Cytokinin Signaling
... carbon reserves. This balance is maintained by intimately linking nodulation and its regulation with plant hormones. It has previously been shown that ethylene and jasmonic acid (JA) are able to regulate nodulation and Nod factor signal transduction. Here, we characterize the nature of abscisic acid ...
... carbon reserves. This balance is maintained by intimately linking nodulation and its regulation with plant hormones. It has previously been shown that ethylene and jasmonic acid (JA) are able to regulate nodulation and Nod factor signal transduction. Here, we characterize the nature of abscisic acid ...
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... poly-β-(1,4)-N-acetylmannosamine decorated with terminal α-1,6-linked galactose (ManNAc-Gal) identified in a constructed aggregate-forming mutant strain of EGD-e. These contrasting results may be explained considering that the native ManNAc-Gal is completely insoluble, so the liquid-state NMR analys ...
... poly-β-(1,4)-N-acetylmannosamine decorated with terminal α-1,6-linked galactose (ManNAc-Gal) identified in a constructed aggregate-forming mutant strain of EGD-e. These contrasting results may be explained considering that the native ManNAc-Gal is completely insoluble, so the liquid-state NMR analys ...
Binding and Cytotoxic Effects of Clostdium botulinum Type A, C1
... Bigalke et al. (1978) first examined the effect of the toxin (crystalline type A toxin, M , 900000) on primary nerve cell cultures derived from the central nervous system of rat embryo. The toxin inhibited both formation and release of acetylcholine, but no cell damage was observed by phase-contrast ...
... Bigalke et al. (1978) first examined the effect of the toxin (crystalline type A toxin, M , 900000) on primary nerve cell cultures derived from the central nervous system of rat embryo. The toxin inhibited both formation and release of acetylcholine, but no cell damage was observed by phase-contrast ...
Functional Analysis of Class 1 RSL Genes in Caulonema and
... caulonema in the growing edges of colonies. Caulonema cells are relatively long and contain few chloroplasts and oblique cross cell walls. The morphological characteristics of caulonema cells are very similar to those of rhizoids which form from gametophores. Caulonema are hypothesized as specialize ...
... caulonema in the growing edges of colonies. Caulonema cells are relatively long and contain few chloroplasts and oblique cross cell walls. The morphological characteristics of caulonema cells are very similar to those of rhizoids which form from gametophores. Caulonema are hypothesized as specialize ...
Obesity and Appetite Control
... motif is vital for receptor binding. PYY and PP are secreted from gastrointestinal tract, whereas NPY is predominantly, widely distributed in CNS [8]. This family acts via G proteincoupled receptors; Y1, Y2, Y4, Y5, and Y6 [9].The Y3 receptor has not yet been cloned, and the Y5 receptor has been fou ...
... motif is vital for receptor binding. PYY and PP are secreted from gastrointestinal tract, whereas NPY is predominantly, widely distributed in CNS [8]. This family acts via G proteincoupled receptors; Y1, Y2, Y4, Y5, and Y6 [9].The Y3 receptor has not yet been cloned, and the Y5 receptor has been fou ...
CiteSeerX — Printed in Great Britain © Company of Biologists
... CAM. Biochemical analysis (Tuan, 1980a) revealed that the CAM calciumbinding protein (CaBP), a protein previously shown to be involved in the calcium transport function (Tuan & Scott, 1977; Tuan, Scott & Cohn, 1978a,b) is expressed as an inactive form (and in increased amount) in the CAM of these em ...
... CAM. Biochemical analysis (Tuan, 1980a) revealed that the CAM calciumbinding protein (CaBP), a protein previously shown to be involved in the calcium transport function (Tuan & Scott, 1977; Tuan, Scott & Cohn, 1978a,b) is expressed as an inactive form (and in increased amount) in the CAM of these em ...
Vaucheria
... Ans. Vaucheria possesses all the essentials of a multicellular organism, but the cytoplasm and the numerous nuclei are not partitioned into distinct cells. The septa remain suppressed in the vegetative condition. They appear only during the formation of reproductive organs, or when the filament is i ...
... Ans. Vaucheria possesses all the essentials of a multicellular organism, but the cytoplasm and the numerous nuclei are not partitioned into distinct cells. The septa remain suppressed in the vegetative condition. They appear only during the formation of reproductive organs, or when the filament is i ...
An Ustilago maydis Gene Involved in H 2O2
... and cytochrome C peroxidase (Lee et al., 1999; Dumond et al., 2000; Gash et al., 2000). Ustilago maydis is the causative agent of maize (Zea mays) smut disease. The disease cycle is initiated by fusion of compatible haploid cells. The resulting dikaryon switches to filamentous growth on the leaf sur ...
... and cytochrome C peroxidase (Lee et al., 1999; Dumond et al., 2000; Gash et al., 2000). Ustilago maydis is the causative agent of maize (Zea mays) smut disease. The disease cycle is initiated by fusion of compatible haploid cells. The resulting dikaryon switches to filamentous growth on the leaf sur ...
Individual olfactory sensory neurons project into more than one
... The branch a divided into a1 and a2, then a1 divided again and both branches entered glomerulus G1, whereas a2 ran into glomerulus G2. The branch b divided into b1 and b2, and b2 ran into the glomerulus G2, whereas b1 divided again and one its branches (b1-1) innervated G1, while the other one (b1-2 ...
... The branch a divided into a1 and a2, then a1 divided again and both branches entered glomerulus G1, whereas a2 ran into glomerulus G2. The branch b divided into b1 and b2, and b2 ran into the glomerulus G2, whereas b1 divided again and one its branches (b1-1) innervated G1, while the other one (b1-2 ...
Sequence Variability Analysis of Human Class I and Class II MHC
... HLA-B and HLA-C. Only the a chains of these mature HLA class I molecules are encoded within the class I HLA locus by the respective HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-C genes. In contrast, the b2m chain encoded by the b2m gene is located on chromosome 15. The classical HLA class II molecules are also of three typ ...
... HLA-B and HLA-C. Only the a chains of these mature HLA class I molecules are encoded within the class I HLA locus by the respective HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-C genes. In contrast, the b2m chain encoded by the b2m gene is located on chromosome 15. The classical HLA class II molecules are also of three typ ...
Regulation of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 expression in human
... (tPA), and their inhibitor, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), are present in the cartilage to modulate plasmin activation and the degradation of ECM. OA cartilage has been shown to display increased plasmin activity and elevated levels of uPA and tPA, as well as a decrease in PAI-1 expressi ...
... (tPA), and their inhibitor, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), are present in the cartilage to modulate plasmin activation and the degradation of ECM. OA cartilage has been shown to display increased plasmin activity and elevated levels of uPA and tPA, as well as a decrease in PAI-1 expressi ...
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... channel that allows sodium influx upon binding to create an endplate potential. When sufficient ACh binding allows the endplate potential to reach threshold, muscle sodium channels (SCN4A) are activated to create an action potential, which propagates across the sarcolemma and throughout the muscle.1 ...
... channel that allows sodium influx upon binding to create an endplate potential. When sufficient ACh binding allows the endplate potential to reach threshold, muscle sodium channels (SCN4A) are activated to create an action potential, which propagates across the sarcolemma and throughout the muscle.1 ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.