Number, Density, and Surface/Cytoplasmic
... His6– GFP fluorescent intensity before and after the gel was polymerized using a fluorometer and found no changes (data not shown). This agrees with a previously published paper that characterized GFP in polyacrylamide gels (Dickson et al., 1997). E xposing the GFP-beads to 4% paraformaldehyde, pH 8 ...
... His6– GFP fluorescent intensity before and after the gel was polymerized using a fluorometer and found no changes (data not shown). This agrees with a previously published paper that characterized GFP in polyacrylamide gels (Dickson et al., 1997). E xposing the GFP-beads to 4% paraformaldehyde, pH 8 ...
Neural induction in Xenopus requires early FGF signalling in
... al., 2000). Interestingly, some authors suggested that perhaps FGF signalling in the chick is primarily involved in repressing the expression of Bmp genes (Munoz-Sanjuan and Brivanlou, 2002; Wilson and Edlund, 2001). A similar role has been proposed for early β-catenin activity in the Xenopus ectode ...
... al., 2000). Interestingly, some authors suggested that perhaps FGF signalling in the chick is primarily involved in repressing the expression of Bmp genes (Munoz-Sanjuan and Brivanlou, 2002; Wilson and Edlund, 2001). A similar role has been proposed for early β-catenin activity in the Xenopus ectode ...
The mechanism of Stx2 enrichment in outer membrane vesicles of
... Outer membrane vesicles contain virulence factors and can be “predatory.” Many pathogenic gram-negative bacteria secrete toxins in association with vesicles derived from the outer membrane [4]. Among these are: Vibrio cholerae [23], Neisseria meningitidis [24], Salmonella enterica [25], Pseudomonas ...
... Outer membrane vesicles contain virulence factors and can be “predatory.” Many pathogenic gram-negative bacteria secrete toxins in association with vesicles derived from the outer membrane [4]. Among these are: Vibrio cholerae [23], Neisseria meningitidis [24], Salmonella enterica [25], Pseudomonas ...
Trichomonas vaginalis - Università degli Studi di Sassari
... The pathobiology of Trichomonas vaginalis involves direct and indirect interactions with host tissue, bacteria and viruses. In this work, we investigated adhesion and interaction with human microbiota, pathogenic mechanisms of protozoan. We characterized a new protein, TVAG339720, belonging to M60-l ...
... The pathobiology of Trichomonas vaginalis involves direct and indirect interactions with host tissue, bacteria and viruses. In this work, we investigated adhesion and interaction with human microbiota, pathogenic mechanisms of protozoan. We characterized a new protein, TVAG339720, belonging to M60-l ...
Involvement of Polyamine Catabolism in the Regulation of Glucose
... Polyamines (putrescine, spermidine and spermine) are ubiquitous low molecular weight amines that are positively charged under physiological conditions. Homeostatic control of intracellular polyamine levels is achieved by regulating the synthesis, catabolism and transport of these molecules. Spermidi ...
... Polyamines (putrescine, spermidine and spermine) are ubiquitous low molecular weight amines that are positively charged under physiological conditions. Homeostatic control of intracellular polyamine levels is achieved by regulating the synthesis, catabolism and transport of these molecules. Spermidi ...
BIOGENESIS OF MITOCHONDRIAL ATPase Studies on
... binding of F 1 to mitochondrial membrane and thus is one of the components which are essential for cold-stable and oligomycin-sensitive ATPase. The activity of OSCP increases during glucose derepression two to three fold as shown by reconstitution experiments with OSCP-enriched fractions [11]. The e ...
... binding of F 1 to mitochondrial membrane and thus is one of the components which are essential for cold-stable and oligomycin-sensitive ATPase. The activity of OSCP increases during glucose derepression two to three fold as shown by reconstitution experiments with OSCP-enriched fractions [11]. The e ...
Outer Membrane Vesicle-Mediated Export of
... and PKD2) has not yet been fully investigated, although they have been suggested to be involved in protein-protein or protein-carbohydrate interaction [12]. Our previous studies provided a crystal structure model of the PKD1 domain from V. cholerae PrtV (residues 755– 838) and revealed a Ca++-bindin ...
... and PKD2) has not yet been fully investigated, although they have been suggested to be involved in protein-protein or protein-carbohydrate interaction [12]. Our previous studies provided a crystal structure model of the PKD1 domain from V. cholerae PrtV (residues 755– 838) and revealed a Ca++-bindin ...
iv Molecular Mechanisms of Notochord Vacuole
... Figure 8. Biosynthetic trafficking is required for notochord vacuole formation ....42 Figure 9. Bulk secretory cargo is sorted away from the vacuole .........................44 Figure 10. GAGs are not present in the notochord vacuole ................................46 Figure 11. Endocyto ...
... Figure 8. Biosynthetic trafficking is required for notochord vacuole formation ....42 Figure 9. Bulk secretory cargo is sorted away from the vacuole .........................44 Figure 10. GAGs are not present in the notochord vacuole ................................46 Figure 11. Endocyto ...
Molecular Cloning of Dog Mast Cell Tryptase and a Related Protease
... kininogen (Maier et al., 1983), and activates procollagenase (Gruber et al., 1988). These latter findings suggest that tryptase may have a proinflammatory role and may act locally with degranulated mast cell heparin as an anticoagulant. Mast cell tryptase differs markedly from other serine proteases ...
... kininogen (Maier et al., 1983), and activates procollagenase (Gruber et al., 1988). These latter findings suggest that tryptase may have a proinflammatory role and may act locally with degranulated mast cell heparin as an anticoagulant. Mast cell tryptase differs markedly from other serine proteases ...
Arc mRNA induction in striatal efferent neurons associated with response learning
... direction when tested in the same apparatus on subsequent days. Once criterion was reached on the first and second days, the rat was returned to its home cage until the next day. On the third day, the rats were again run to criterion on the acquisition trials. Then, half of the rats were reversed; th ...
... direction when tested in the same apparatus on subsequent days. Once criterion was reached on the first and second days, the rat was returned to its home cage until the next day. On the third day, the rats were again run to criterion on the acquisition trials. Then, half of the rats were reversed; th ...
Stress-Related and Circadian Secretion and Target Tissue Actions
... On the other hand, the HPA axis is associated with the production and secretion of glucocorticoids by the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex (1–4). Glucocorticoids play a fundamental role in the maintenance of basal and stress-related homeostasis, regulating many physiologic functions through ge ...
... On the other hand, the HPA axis is associated with the production and secretion of glucocorticoids by the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex (1–4). Glucocorticoids play a fundamental role in the maintenance of basal and stress-related homeostasis, regulating many physiologic functions through ge ...
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vprmediated G2 cell cycle
... targets a general cellular pathway that controls progression from G2 to mitosis. The functional role of the G2 cell cycle arrest mediated by Vpr in HIV-1 pathogenesis is as yet unclear. Experimental evidence in in vitro systems indicates that the establishment of a cell cycle arrest enables HIV-1 to ...
... targets a general cellular pathway that controls progression from G2 to mitosis. The functional role of the G2 cell cycle arrest mediated by Vpr in HIV-1 pathogenesis is as yet unclear. Experimental evidence in in vitro systems indicates that the establishment of a cell cycle arrest enables HIV-1 to ...
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... re-export of materials to the cytoplasm (Fig. 1). The molecular cascade that regulates autophagy and the mechanisms by which autophagy occurs have been the subject of recent comprehensive reviews (Klionsky, 2007; Maiuri et al., 2007b; Mizushima and Klionsky, 2007; Yorimitsu and Klionsky, 2005) and t ...
... re-export of materials to the cytoplasm (Fig. 1). The molecular cascade that regulates autophagy and the mechanisms by which autophagy occurs have been the subject of recent comprehensive reviews (Klionsky, 2007; Maiuri et al., 2007b; Mizushima and Klionsky, 2007; Yorimitsu and Klionsky, 2005) and t ...
DOCTORAL THESIS
... transgenic trees with modified properties for the pulp and paper industries. In this target framework, the Populus tremula x tremuloides xyloglucan endotransglycosylase ...
... transgenic trees with modified properties for the pulp and paper industries. In this target framework, the Populus tremula x tremuloides xyloglucan endotransglycosylase ...
The contribution of the Trp/Met/Phe residues to physical interactions
... not imply local interaction of the L22W23 of p53 with the KIX domain, or the LxxLL motif interacts with the IHD domain of p300 and the KIX domain of CBP selectively. The latter case would imply that p300 and CBP have different p53 interaction patterns, even though they have similar sequences and fun ...
... not imply local interaction of the L22W23 of p53 with the KIX domain, or the LxxLL motif interacts with the IHD domain of p300 and the KIX domain of CBP selectively. The latter case would imply that p300 and CBP have different p53 interaction patterns, even though they have similar sequences and fun ...
Chato, a KRAB zinc-finger protein, regulates
... importance of convergent extension movements to elongation of other embryonic tissues is not clear, in part owing to a lack of analysis of cell behavior during these stages. Mouse mutants that lack components of the non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway show some of the features characteristic of Xeno ...
... importance of convergent extension movements to elongation of other embryonic tissues is not clear, in part owing to a lack of analysis of cell behavior during these stages. Mouse mutants that lack components of the non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway show some of the features characteristic of Xeno ...
Identification of a Preinitiation Step in DNA Replication That Is
... chromatin and a single round of DNA replication occurs (Hua et al., 1997). To examine whether changes in the binding of ORC and MCM proteins occur when cdc2–cyclin A concentration is varied, a similar set of experiments were conducted. We observed that when cyclin A was added to the cytosolic fracti ...
... chromatin and a single round of DNA replication occurs (Hua et al., 1997). To examine whether changes in the binding of ORC and MCM proteins occur when cdc2–cyclin A concentration is varied, a similar set of experiments were conducted. We observed that when cyclin A was added to the cytosolic fracti ...
PDF + SI - Development - The Company of Biologists
... identified a conserved switch enhancer -7kb upstream of the TSS (Beyer et al., 2013; Kartikasari et al., 2013; Rada-Iglesias et al., 2011) that is repressed under self-renewing conditions (Teo et al., 2011), and becomes activated during mesoderm and endoderm differentiation. However, possible functi ...
... identified a conserved switch enhancer -7kb upstream of the TSS (Beyer et al., 2013; Kartikasari et al., 2013; Rada-Iglesias et al., 2011) that is repressed under self-renewing conditions (Teo et al., 2011), and becomes activated during mesoderm and endoderm differentiation. However, possible functi ...
Platelet surface glutathione reductase-like activity
... collagen.7 When GSSG (5 M) was used alone as a control for the collagen-induced aggregation studies, surprisingly, it also enhanced platelet aggregation (Figure 1). As expected, GSSG alone did not contain any GSH by the 5,5⬘-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoid) acid (DTNB) assay (not shown). When the concent ...
... collagen.7 When GSSG (5 M) was used alone as a control for the collagen-induced aggregation studies, surprisingly, it also enhanced platelet aggregation (Figure 1). As expected, GSSG alone did not contain any GSH by the 5,5⬘-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoid) acid (DTNB) assay (not shown). When the concent ...
The role of the natriuretic peptides in the cardiovascular system
... membrane and have intracellular kinase and guanylate cyclase catalytic domains, and are thus involved in the cGMP-dependent signaling cascade. The ANP-C receptor lacks an intracellular domain. ANP and BNP both bind the ANP-A receptor with ANP to a higher preference than BNP. A BNP selective receptor ...
... membrane and have intracellular kinase and guanylate cyclase catalytic domains, and are thus involved in the cGMP-dependent signaling cascade. The ANP-C receptor lacks an intracellular domain. ANP and BNP both bind the ANP-A receptor with ANP to a higher preference than BNP. A BNP selective receptor ...
Purification and Properties of the Dictyostelium Calpain
... many advantages as a model system for exploring cell cytoskeleton-plasmalemma interactions, cell motility, and development of multicellularity (20). Moreover, they are haploid, and established techniques are available for the generation, selection, and analysis of mutants that would be powerful tool ...
... many advantages as a model system for exploring cell cytoskeleton-plasmalemma interactions, cell motility, and development of multicellularity (20). Moreover, they are haploid, and established techniques are available for the generation, selection, and analysis of mutants that would be powerful tool ...
Glucosamine-Induced Insulin Resistance in Primary Rat
... 142g/day (Felig, Marliss et al. 1969; Gottstein 1979). The second reason for regulating glucose concentration is that glucose is toxic. The amount of glucose in the bloodstream is tightly regulated by actions of insulin and glucagon during fed and fasting states (Flakoll PJ 2000). Insulin, a hormon ...
... 142g/day (Felig, Marliss et al. 1969; Gottstein 1979). The second reason for regulating glucose concentration is that glucose is toxic. The amount of glucose in the bloodstream is tightly regulated by actions of insulin and glucagon during fed and fasting states (Flakoll PJ 2000). Insulin, a hormon ...
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... Mitochondria also operate as important platforms in cellular signaling networks that impact on a wide array of biological processes, ranging from gene expression and immune responses to cell differentiation and cell death [15]. As such, it is not surprising that mitochondrial dysfunction has been pr ...
... Mitochondria also operate as important platforms in cellular signaling networks that impact on a wide array of biological processes, ranging from gene expression and immune responses to cell differentiation and cell death [15]. As such, it is not surprising that mitochondrial dysfunction has been pr ...
Biochemistry2 2016 Lecture Glycogen Metabolism
... in the T the state the enzyme active site is buried, hence the low affinity for the substrate, in the R state the enzyme has an accessible catalytic site and high affinity phosphate binding site. AMP promotes T(inactive) R(active) conformational shift. ATP binds to the allosteric effector site in t ...
... in the T the state the enzyme active site is buried, hence the low affinity for the substrate, in the R state the enzyme has an accessible catalytic site and high affinity phosphate binding site. AMP promotes T(inactive) R(active) conformational shift. ATP binds to the allosteric effector site in t ...
OPTIMISATION OF CHO CELL GROWTH AND
... increased in culture, improvements of approximately 40% in both of these parameters were achieved; the glycosylation of JFN-y was not affected. The former analysis also indicated that different stimuli were required for growth and production. Fed-batch feeding of glucose and glutamine, components de ...
... increased in culture, improvements of approximately 40% in both of these parameters were achieved; the glycosylation of JFN-y was not affected. The former analysis also indicated that different stimuli were required for growth and production. Fed-batch feeding of glucose and glutamine, components de ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.