A Haplotype-Specific Resistance Gene Regulated
... copine gene family that is highly conserved among protozoa, plants, nematodes, and mammals (Creutz et al., 1998). The deduced BON1 protein, like other copine proteins, has at its N terminus two calcium-dependent phospholipid binding C2 domains that are mostly found in signal transduction or membrane ...
... copine gene family that is highly conserved among protozoa, plants, nematodes, and mammals (Creutz et al., 1998). The deduced BON1 protein, like other copine proteins, has at its N terminus two calcium-dependent phospholipid binding C2 domains that are mostly found in signal transduction or membrane ...
The Nervous System
... subdivisions of autonomic neurons: sympathetic and parasympathetic. Autonomic motor neurons, together with their central control centers, constitute the autonomic nervous system, the focus of chapter 9. The structural classification of neurons is based on the number of processes that extend from the ...
... subdivisions of autonomic neurons: sympathetic and parasympathetic. Autonomic motor neurons, together with their central control centers, constitute the autonomic nervous system, the focus of chapter 9. The structural classification of neurons is based on the number of processes that extend from the ...
Update on Reactive Oxygen - Biology Department | UNC Chapel Hill
... in Arabidopsis, various phenotypes of the individual atrbohD and atrbohF mutants are accentuated in the double mutant atrbohD atrbohF (Torres et al., 2002; Kwak et al., 2003). Thus, while the Rboh proteins are required for ROS production following successful pathogen recognition, these ROS may serve ...
... in Arabidopsis, various phenotypes of the individual atrbohD and atrbohF mutants are accentuated in the double mutant atrbohD atrbohF (Torres et al., 2002; Kwak et al., 2003). Thus, while the Rboh proteins are required for ROS production following successful pathogen recognition, these ROS may serve ...
Planta
... SC-URA Synthetic complete medium without uracil SNARE Syntaxin family of soluble N-ethyl maleimide sensitive factor adaptor protein receptors TMD Transmembrane domain VvCTr Vitis vinifera copper transporter YFP Yellow fluorescent protein YPEG Yeast extract/peptone/ethanol/glycerol medium ...
... SC-URA Synthetic complete medium without uracil SNARE Syntaxin family of soluble N-ethyl maleimide sensitive factor adaptor protein receptors TMD Transmembrane domain VvCTr Vitis vinifera copper transporter YFP Yellow fluorescent protein YPEG Yeast extract/peptone/ethanol/glycerol medium ...
Dependence of an Adenosine-Activated Potassium Current on a
... investigate the cytoplasmic requirementsof the responseof cultured neuronsto adenosine.We have previously shown that in cultured mouse striatal neurons, adenosine activates an inwardly rectifying potassiumconductance(Trusselland Jackson, 1985). We now find that adenosineresponsesin cultured hippocam ...
... investigate the cytoplasmic requirementsof the responseof cultured neuronsto adenosine.We have previously shown that in cultured mouse striatal neurons, adenosine activates an inwardly rectifying potassiumconductance(Trusselland Jackson, 1985). We now find that adenosineresponsesin cultured hippocam ...
Spike-and-Wave Oscillations Based on the Properties of GABAB
... GABAB currents in generating SW patterns was investigated by simulating field potentials from the postsynaptic currents generated by 100 excitatory synapses (AMPA and NMDA receptors) and 100 inhibitory synapses (GABAA and GABAB receptors; see scheme in Fig. 1 B and Materials and Methods). With presy ...
... GABAB currents in generating SW patterns was investigated by simulating field potentials from the postsynaptic currents generated by 100 excitatory synapses (AMPA and NMDA receptors) and 100 inhibitory synapses (GABAA and GABAB receptors; see scheme in Fig. 1 B and Materials and Methods). With presy ...
Ezrin NH2-Terminal Domain Inhibits the Cell
... The pGmAc34T-C1, -C4, and -C5 transfer vectors (Fig. 1) were obtained, respectively, by digestion of p34T-EzT by BglII, Asp718, and HincII. After filling in by Klenow enzyme when necessary, a NcoI linker was added. These intermediate plasmids were then digested by NcoI and NheI and their respective ...
... The pGmAc34T-C1, -C4, and -C5 transfer vectors (Fig. 1) were obtained, respectively, by digestion of p34T-EzT by BglII, Asp718, and HincII. After filling in by Klenow enzyme when necessary, a NcoI linker was added. These intermediate plasmids were then digested by NcoI and NheI and their respective ...
INTRODUCTION the dorsal spinal cord (Muroyama et al., 2002) and for... Wnts are signaling molecules regulating different developmental
... Wnt/-catenin signaling mediates -catenin accumulation in the cytoplasm and translocation into the nucleus, where it forms a complex with the Tcf/Lef transcription factors to regulate the expression of target genes (Wodarz and Nusse, 1998). In addition, a ‘non-canonical’ Wnt/Ca2+ pathway leads to t ...
... Wnt/-catenin signaling mediates -catenin accumulation in the cytoplasm and translocation into the nucleus, where it forms a complex with the Tcf/Lef transcription factors to regulate the expression of target genes (Wodarz and Nusse, 1998). In addition, a ‘non-canonical’ Wnt/Ca2+ pathway leads to t ...
How do bacterial cells ensure that metalloproteins get the correct
... organisms and is also predicted to do so in bacteria and archaea89,90. Proteins can require combinations of more than one metal; for example, iron plus nickel, haem–iron plus copper, and iron plus Moco6. Molybdenum can be replaced by vanadium in nitrogenases, and tungsten can be used in aldehyde oxi ...
... organisms and is also predicted to do so in bacteria and archaea89,90. Proteins can require combinations of more than one metal; for example, iron plus nickel, haem–iron plus copper, and iron plus Moco6. Molybdenum can be replaced by vanadium in nitrogenases, and tungsten can be used in aldehyde oxi ...
GSDMD membrane pore formation constitutes
... In this paper the authors propose the mechanism of action of Gasdermin D, the effector protein for caspase 1 and caspase 11 driven pyroptosis, is to form a pore within the membrane. Using structural techniques they show that caspase 1-cleaved Gasdermin D forms pore-like structures and, when combined ...
... In this paper the authors propose the mechanism of action of Gasdermin D, the effector protein for caspase 1 and caspase 11 driven pyroptosis, is to form a pore within the membrane. Using structural techniques they show that caspase 1-cleaved Gasdermin D forms pore-like structures and, when combined ...
BOTANICAL BRIEFING. Signalling between Pathogenic Rust Fungi
... Rust fungi are obligately biotrophic plant parasites that obtain their nutrients from living host cells. The initiation of the two parasitic phases of these fungi generally requires topographic signals from the plant surface followed, for the dikaryotic phase, by a successive sequence of signals to ...
... Rust fungi are obligately biotrophic plant parasites that obtain their nutrients from living host cells. The initiation of the two parasitic phases of these fungi generally requires topographic signals from the plant surface followed, for the dikaryotic phase, by a successive sequence of signals to ...
The Sympathetic Division
... explain how they relate to autonomic effects. – Explain how the ANS controls many target organs through dual innervation. – Explain how control is exerted in the absence of dual innervation. ...
... explain how they relate to autonomic effects. – Explain how the ANS controls many target organs through dual innervation. – Explain how control is exerted in the absence of dual innervation. ...
Homology among (βα) 8 Barrels: Implications for the Evolution of
... similar positions within various members of TIM barrel-like enzymes, and used this to infer homology. The signi®cance of these ®ndings, and how likely they were to have arisen by chance, is dif®cult to assess. The SCOP protein structure database (Murzin et al., 1995) currently distinguishes 23 super ...
... similar positions within various members of TIM barrel-like enzymes, and used this to infer homology. The signi®cance of these ®ndings, and how likely they were to have arisen by chance, is dif®cult to assess. The SCOP protein structure database (Murzin et al., 1995) currently distinguishes 23 super ...
Comparative mycobacterial genomics as a tool for drug S.T. Cole
... remaining 40% [12, 16]. When functional information was available, it often enabled investigators to identify potential drug targets on the basis of their proposed biological role or their similarity to known bacterial drug targets. However, now that more mycobacterial sequences are becoming availab ...
... remaining 40% [12, 16]. When functional information was available, it often enabled investigators to identify potential drug targets on the basis of their proposed biological role or their similarity to known bacterial drug targets. However, now that more mycobacterial sequences are becoming availab ...
Protist predation can favour cooperation within bacterial species
... The costs and benefits of cooperation and cheating are dependent on environmental context [1–3]. Here, we investigate how a ubiquitous selection pressure, predation, affects selection for cooperation in the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which cooperates by secreting and responding to quorum sens ...
... The costs and benefits of cooperation and cheating are dependent on environmental context [1–3]. Here, we investigate how a ubiquitous selection pressure, predation, affects selection for cooperation in the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which cooperates by secreting and responding to quorum sens ...
Involvement of Native TRPC3 Proteins in ATP
... constitutive cation influx with 2 mmol/L Ca2⫹ in the bath likely reflects operation of a highly efficient Ca2⫹ buffering system. In line with this, when cells were exposed to higher Ca2⫹ gradients (10 mmol/L in the bath), a significant yet transient Ca2⫹ influx was observed (not shown). Ba2⫹ is not ...
... constitutive cation influx with 2 mmol/L Ca2⫹ in the bath likely reflects operation of a highly efficient Ca2⫹ buffering system. In line with this, when cells were exposed to higher Ca2⫹ gradients (10 mmol/L in the bath), a significant yet transient Ca2⫹ influx was observed (not shown). Ba2⫹ is not ...
NT Notes
... you will have a reference sheet to look at while you do your WS. This is a class set so please do not take them with you. It is also available on the webpage along with this powerpoint. ...
... you will have a reference sheet to look at while you do your WS. This is a class set so please do not take them with you. It is also available on the webpage along with this powerpoint. ...
Covalent interactions are not required to permit or stabilize the non
... Fig. 2. (A) Comparison of the relative mobilities of E1 and E2 made by strains Glasgow and H77. Cells were electroporated with RNA and labelled between 4 and 12 h after electroporation. After lysis, the glycoproteins were immunoprecipitated from cell extracts using ALP98. Immunoprecipitates were ele ...
... Fig. 2. (A) Comparison of the relative mobilities of E1 and E2 made by strains Glasgow and H77. Cells were electroporated with RNA and labelled between 4 and 12 h after electroporation. After lysis, the glycoproteins were immunoprecipitated from cell extracts using ALP98. Immunoprecipitates were ele ...
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... myeloid cells. 5-‐LO converts AA to LTA4 in cooperation with 5-‐LO activating protein (FLAP). LTA4 is converted to LTB4, by LTA4-‐hydrolase (LTA4H) or to LTC4 by LTC4-‐synthase (LTC4S). LTs act on cell ...
... myeloid cells. 5-‐LO converts AA to LTA4 in cooperation with 5-‐LO activating protein (FLAP). LTA4 is converted to LTB4, by LTA4-‐hydrolase (LTA4H) or to LTC4 by LTC4-‐synthase (LTC4S). LTs act on cell ...
Pattern recognition receptors and control of adaptive immunity
... decision that determines whether to initiate the response. Dendritic cells (DCs), as well as other cell types of the innate immune system, upon activation by PRRs, produce a variety of signals that couple the identity of the antigen with its microbial origin (8). The coupling mechanisms often rely o ...
... decision that determines whether to initiate the response. Dendritic cells (DCs), as well as other cell types of the innate immune system, upon activation by PRRs, produce a variety of signals that couple the identity of the antigen with its microbial origin (8). The coupling mechanisms often rely o ...
Role of thioredoxin reductase in the Yap1p-dependent response to oxidative stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae .
... as they can damage all cellular components (reviewed by Halliwell and Gutteridge, 1999). Most organisms possess protective antioxidant molecules and enzymes, and many cells are able to adapt to oxidative stress by increasing the levels of antioxidant enzymes. For example, Saccharomyces cerevisiae ce ...
... as they can damage all cellular components (reviewed by Halliwell and Gutteridge, 1999). Most organisms possess protective antioxidant molecules and enzymes, and many cells are able to adapt to oxidative stress by increasing the levels of antioxidant enzymes. For example, Saccharomyces cerevisiae ce ...
FEMS Microbiology Letters
... an intermediate zinc resistance phenotype. All of these ZitB mutants accumulated signi¢cantly less zinc than the control strain E. coli GG48 (pASK-IBA3) (Fig. 3) con¢rming the results of zinc resistance phenotype. In addition to conserved residues in predicted transmembrane helices other charged res ...
... an intermediate zinc resistance phenotype. All of these ZitB mutants accumulated signi¢cantly less zinc than the control strain E. coli GG48 (pASK-IBA3) (Fig. 3) con¢rming the results of zinc resistance phenotype. In addition to conserved residues in predicted transmembrane helices other charged res ...
Tomato SlSnRK1 Protein Interacts with and
... SlSnRK1 protein attenuates geminivirus infection by interacting with and phosphorylating the bC1 protein. ...
... SlSnRK1 protein attenuates geminivirus infection by interacting with and phosphorylating the bC1 protein. ...
Gene expression profiling of Escherichia coli growth transitions: an
... transient and stationary phase growth arrest. When using unsupervised strategies (statistics and clustering algorithms) for gene expression profile analysis, a danger exists that important genes will be missed. We carefully considered all genes known to be involved in interesting cell processes by u ...
... transient and stationary phase growth arrest. When using unsupervised strategies (statistics and clustering algorithms) for gene expression profile analysis, a danger exists that important genes will be missed. We carefully considered all genes known to be involved in interesting cell processes by u ...
Covalent interactions are not required to permit or stabilize the non
... Fig. 2. (A) Comparison of the relative mobilities of E1 and E2 made by strains Glasgow and H77. Cells were electroporated with RNA and labelled between 4 and 12 h after electroporation. After lysis, the glycoproteins were immunoprecipitated from cell extracts using ALP98. Immunoprecipitates were ele ...
... Fig. 2. (A) Comparison of the relative mobilities of E1 and E2 made by strains Glasgow and H77. Cells were electroporated with RNA and labelled between 4 and 12 h after electroporation. After lysis, the glycoproteins were immunoprecipitated from cell extracts using ALP98. Immunoprecipitates were ele ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.