protease (NS34A) and an RNA polymerase
... phorylated ubiquitin as an intermediary in the PINK1–parkin pathway, the role of direct phosphorylation of parkin by PINK1 seems more complex. Koyano and colleagues report that modification of both ubiquitin and parkin at serine-65 is necessary for full activation of parkin in cells. But Kane and co ...
... phorylated ubiquitin as an intermediary in the PINK1–parkin pathway, the role of direct phosphorylation of parkin by PINK1 seems more complex. Koyano and colleagues report that modification of both ubiquitin and parkin at serine-65 is necessary for full activation of parkin in cells. But Kane and co ...
Required Early Complement Activation in Contact
... Complement (C) is an important component of innate immunity, and was also shown recently to participate in induction of acquired B cell humoral immunity. In this study, we present evidence that C also participates in acquired T cell immunity. We found that C was involved in early events of the effer ...
... Complement (C) is an important component of innate immunity, and was also shown recently to participate in induction of acquired B cell humoral immunity. In this study, we present evidence that C also participates in acquired T cell immunity. We found that C was involved in early events of the effer ...
The integrity of a cholesterol-binding pocket in Niemann–Pick C2
... the Der p 2 dust mite allergen as an excellent template for modeling the NPC2 protein structure (E value 7.14e-13) based on multiple sequence alignment, secondary structure prediction, and solvation potential. The Der p 2 structure is a  sandwich, and all six cysteine residues involved in disulfide ...
... the Der p 2 dust mite allergen as an excellent template for modeling the NPC2 protein structure (E value 7.14e-13) based on multiple sequence alignment, secondary structure prediction, and solvation potential. The Der p 2 structure is a  sandwich, and all six cysteine residues involved in disulfide ...
1 Laccases direct lignification in the discrete secondary cell wall
... within root or shoot tissues, but the identification of key transcriptional regulators that activate differentiation of protoxylem TEs has led to the development of a genetically tractable experimental system. In this system, the activity of VASCULAR NAC DOMAIN 7 (VND7), a NAC domain transcription f ...
... within root or shoot tissues, but the identification of key transcriptional regulators that activate differentiation of protoxylem TEs has led to the development of a genetically tractable experimental system. In this system, the activity of VASCULAR NAC DOMAIN 7 (VND7), a NAC domain transcription f ...
A cAMP Switch in the Attractab Versus Repellent Response
... to a single neuron in the network (Vc –70 mV). Paired-pulses were chosen because of their simple temporal structure. Following 20 paired-pulses at 1 Hz, we frequently observed changes in the PSC profile in either the stimulated neuron (Fig. 2a,c–f) or a different neuron in the network (Fig. 2b). T ...
... to a single neuron in the network (Vc –70 mV). Paired-pulses were chosen because of their simple temporal structure. Following 20 paired-pulses at 1 Hz, we frequently observed changes in the PSC profile in either the stimulated neuron (Fig. 2a,c–f) or a different neuron in the network (Fig. 2b). T ...
PDF
... maintenance of neural progenitors and their maturation into neurons (Zechner et al., 2003; Otero et al., 2004; Kim et al., 2009; Slawny and O’Shea, 2011); this could account for the effects of Wnt/β-catenin signalling during neural differentiation. However, Wnt/β-catenin signalling also plays a role ...
... maintenance of neural progenitors and their maturation into neurons (Zechner et al., 2003; Otero et al., 2004; Kim et al., 2009; Slawny and O’Shea, 2011); this could account for the effects of Wnt/β-catenin signalling during neural differentiation. However, Wnt/β-catenin signalling also plays a role ...
"Molecular Motors in Plant Cells". In: Molecular Motors
... dopsis KLPs with targeting signals to other organelles such as chloroplasts. It would be interesting to see if any other Arabidopsis KLPs are targeted to organelles. KLPs that are targeted to organelles have not been reported previously in the literature. Mutations in the HINKEL (HIK) gene in Arabid ...
... dopsis KLPs with targeting signals to other organelles such as chloroplasts. It would be interesting to see if any other Arabidopsis KLPs are targeted to organelles. KLPs that are targeted to organelles have not been reported previously in the literature. Mutations in the HINKEL (HIK) gene in Arabid ...
Salt-Induced Remodeling of Spatially Restricted
... Although the operation and physiological relevance of endocytosis have been demonstrated unequivocally in plants, the molecular components participating in the process are less well characterized than in animal systems. Simple, well-defined tissue organization makes the Arabidopsis thaliana root an i ...
... Although the operation and physiological relevance of endocytosis have been demonstrated unequivocally in plants, the molecular components participating in the process are less well characterized than in animal systems. Simple, well-defined tissue organization makes the Arabidopsis thaliana root an i ...
Cytoplasmic sequestration of the tumor suppressor p53 by a heat
... separated, mortalin was detected exclusively in the cytoplasmic fractions of all the colorectal carcinoma cell lines while p53 was detected in the cytoplasmic fraction of six of the eight cell lines. Exceptions were the cytoplasmic fractions of p53 wild-type cell line (HCT-8) and the p53 deficient ce ...
... separated, mortalin was detected exclusively in the cytoplasmic fractions of all the colorectal carcinoma cell lines while p53 was detected in the cytoplasmic fraction of six of the eight cell lines. Exceptions were the cytoplasmic fractions of p53 wild-type cell line (HCT-8) and the p53 deficient ce ...
Computational Biology
... charged residues (D, E, K, H, R) that are found in TMs are located in the terminal regions (4.4%) rather than in the central region (2.7%). (2) The exposed terminal parts are very rich in aromatic residues (21.3%) compard to the central part (16.1%). ...
... charged residues (D, E, K, H, R) that are found in TMs are located in the terminal regions (4.4%) rather than in the central region (2.7%). (2) The exposed terminal parts are very rich in aromatic residues (21.3%) compard to the central part (16.1%). ...
Chapter 39
... signals from receptors to proteins that cause responses • Two types of second messengers play an important role in de-etiolation: Ca2+ ions and cyclic GMP (cGMP) • The phytochrome receptor responds to light by – Opening Ca2+ channels, which increases Ca2+ levels in the cytosol – Activating an enzyme ...
... signals from receptors to proteins that cause responses • Two types of second messengers play an important role in de-etiolation: Ca2+ ions and cyclic GMP (cGMP) • The phytochrome receptor responds to light by – Opening Ca2+ channels, which increases Ca2+ levels in the cytosol – Activating an enzyme ...
Calcium channel dynamics limit synaptic release in response to prosthetic... sinusoidal waveforms
... above could contribute to the preferential activation seen physiologically. For example, a recent modeling study found that the passive membrane properties of bipolar cells may act to lowpass filter the applied stimulus (Gerhardt et al 2010). This suggests that membrane potential is modulated more s ...
... above could contribute to the preferential activation seen physiologically. For example, a recent modeling study found that the passive membrane properties of bipolar cells may act to lowpass filter the applied stimulus (Gerhardt et al 2010). This suggests that membrane potential is modulated more s ...
Canonical Wnt signaling is required for development of
... appropriate locations in the embryo (Tam and Behringer, 1997). Generation of the primitive streak is regulated by multiple pathways, including Nodal, Wnt and Bmp (Rossant and Tam, 2004). These factors and their inhibitors are elaborated from diverse locations within the embryonic and extra-embryonic ...
... appropriate locations in the embryo (Tam and Behringer, 1997). Generation of the primitive streak is regulated by multiple pathways, including Nodal, Wnt and Bmp (Rossant and Tam, 2004). These factors and their inhibitors are elaborated from diverse locations within the embryonic and extra-embryonic ...
Connective tissue 2 Dr. Maria Zahiri Formation of Type I collagen
... Integrins are transmembrane proteins but unlike other cell surface receptors, they are linked to cytoskeleton and structural member of extracellular matrix such as collagen so they also called Transmembrane Linkers ...
... Integrins are transmembrane proteins but unlike other cell surface receptors, they are linked to cytoskeleton and structural member of extracellular matrix such as collagen so they also called Transmembrane Linkers ...
Lester-Lect to CaltechAssociates-Nov
... 3. Inverse correlation between long-term tobacco smoking and Parkinson’s disease In identical twins discordant for both Parkinson’s disease & smoking, the unaffected twin smoked at a significantly higher rate. In those twins where one or both smoked, The unaffected twin smoked 12 pack-years more. T ...
... 3. Inverse correlation between long-term tobacco smoking and Parkinson’s disease In identical twins discordant for both Parkinson’s disease & smoking, the unaffected twin smoked at a significantly higher rate. In those twins where one or both smoked, The unaffected twin smoked 12 pack-years more. T ...
The Id4 HLH protein and the timing of oligodendrocyte differentiation
... withdraw from the cell cycle and differentiate after a certain period of time or number of cell divisions (Temple and Raff, 1986). When precursor cells are cultured at 33°C rather than 37°C, they divide more slowly but differentiate sooner, after fewer cell divisions, suggesting that the intrinsic m ...
... withdraw from the cell cycle and differentiate after a certain period of time or number of cell divisions (Temple and Raff, 1986). When precursor cells are cultured at 33°C rather than 37°C, they divide more slowly but differentiate sooner, after fewer cell divisions, suggesting that the intrinsic m ...
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... aflatoxin and incubated for different intervals of time. The supernatant and cell pellets were subjected to HPLC separation with fluorescence detector. The retention times of the various toxins were compared with the standards. Concentration of the toxin was calculated based on the standard curve. O ...
... aflatoxin and incubated for different intervals of time. The supernatant and cell pellets were subjected to HPLC separation with fluorescence detector. The retention times of the various toxins were compared with the standards. Concentration of the toxin was calculated based on the standard curve. O ...
vts_6580_8973.
... Tumor suppressor genes Tumor suppressor genes are involved in many different functions like control of cell division, growth, DNA-repair mechanisms and apoptosis. Tumor suppressor genes are inactivated by “loss of function” mutations (Falco & Giordano 2006), resulting in a failure to respond to sign ...
... Tumor suppressor genes Tumor suppressor genes are involved in many different functions like control of cell division, growth, DNA-repair mechanisms and apoptosis. Tumor suppressor genes are inactivated by “loss of function” mutations (Falco & Giordano 2006), resulting in a failure to respond to sign ...
Visualizing microtubule dynamics and membrane - UvA-DARE
... Brefeldinn A (BFA), an inhibitor of secretion, slows down the cell plate expansion (Lippincott-Schwartzz et al., 1989; Yasuhara et a l , 1995; Yasuhara and Shibaoka, 2000). However,, there are several observations that cannot be easily reconciled with the notionn that GA-derived exocytic vesicles al ...
... Brefeldinn A (BFA), an inhibitor of secretion, slows down the cell plate expansion (Lippincott-Schwartzz et al., 1989; Yasuhara et a l , 1995; Yasuhara and Shibaoka, 2000). However,, there are several observations that cannot be easily reconciled with the notionn that GA-derived exocytic vesicles al ...
endocytosis and exocytosis of gold nanoparticles
... clathrin-mediated endocytosis, while nanoparticles smaller than 13 nm came mostly through phagocytosis [20]. Receptors internalized by nanoparticles via endocytosis can be recycled back to the membrane. Also they can be degraded in lysosomes and endosome so that new receptors to be produced and spre ...
... clathrin-mediated endocytosis, while nanoparticles smaller than 13 nm came mostly through phagocytosis [20]. Receptors internalized by nanoparticles via endocytosis can be recycled back to the membrane. Also they can be degraded in lysosomes and endosome so that new receptors to be produced and spre ...
Chapter 7: Photosynthesis
... structure? What types of bonds are involved in each level of structure? 17.Why is protein structure important? 18.Explain what it means when we say that a protein is denatured? Identify some conditions under which denaturation can occur. 19.List the different ways that cells can use various nucleoti ...
... structure? What types of bonds are involved in each level of structure? 17.Why is protein structure important? 18.Explain what it means when we say that a protein is denatured? Identify some conditions under which denaturation can occur. 19.List the different ways that cells can use various nucleoti ...
The archaeal origins of the eukaryotic translational system
... major phylodomains for all subsets of the data, excluding the individual ribosomal proteins for which there were insufficient numbers of aligned informative positions (Table 1). In addition, the concatenation of the alignable regions among both the full 67- and the 33-protein subset of only those co ...
... major phylodomains for all subsets of the data, excluding the individual ribosomal proteins for which there were insufficient numbers of aligned informative positions (Table 1). In addition, the concatenation of the alignable regions among both the full 67- and the 33-protein subset of only those co ...
plant
... wall, activating expansins, enzymes that loosen the cell wall’s tissue. • With the cellulose loosened, the cell can ...
... wall, activating expansins, enzymes that loosen the cell wall’s tissue. • With the cellulose loosened, the cell can ...
Protein Data Condensation for Effective Quaternary Structure
... classified to each stored point. In order to reduce both space and time requirements, several techniques to reduce the size of the stored data for the NN rule have been proposed (see [18] for a survey). In particular, among those techniques, the training set consistent ones, aim at selecting a subs ...
... classified to each stored point. In order to reduce both space and time requirements, several techniques to reduce the size of the stored data for the NN rule have been proposed (see [18] for a survey). In particular, among those techniques, the training set consistent ones, aim at selecting a subs ...
Morphological classification of plant cell deaths
... Programmed cell death (PCD) is an integral part of plant development and of responses to abiotic stress or pathogens. Although the morphology of plant PCD is, in some cases, well characterised and molecular mechanisms controlling plant PCD are beginning to emerge, there is still confusion about the ...
... Programmed cell death (PCD) is an integral part of plant development and of responses to abiotic stress or pathogens. Although the morphology of plant PCD is, in some cases, well characterised and molecular mechanisms controlling plant PCD are beginning to emerge, there is still confusion about the ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.