Fan et al.P65
... mice bearing null or truncation mutations have been generated [29-31]. These mutant mice exhibit neurological phenotypes mimicking the RTT phenotype [29-31]. MeCP2 null male mice and female mice do not exhibit phenotypes until 6–8 weeks postnatally. After this presymptom period, mutant male mice sho ...
... mice bearing null or truncation mutations have been generated [29-31]. These mutant mice exhibit neurological phenotypes mimicking the RTT phenotype [29-31]. MeCP2 null male mice and female mice do not exhibit phenotypes until 6–8 weeks postnatally. After this presymptom period, mutant male mice sho ...
... strongly adhere to underwater surfaces (Waite, 1990). The hardening of insect carapaces is also facilitated by tyrosinase (Sugumaran, 1988). Plant and fungal forms of the tyrosinase enzyme are also responsible for the oxidation of produce, i.e. the browning of fruits, vegetables, and mushrooms (Zawi ...
Dual transcriptional activities of SIX proteins define
... transcription of reporter constructs either on its own or through interactions with Dach1, the vertebrate homolog of Drosophila dac (Li et al., 2003). The biochemical and genetic data suggest that So and its orthologs Six1/2 can either activate or repress target genes. The most extensive evidence fo ...
... transcription of reporter constructs either on its own or through interactions with Dach1, the vertebrate homolog of Drosophila dac (Li et al., 2003). The biochemical and genetic data suggest that So and its orthologs Six1/2 can either activate or repress target genes. The most extensive evidence fo ...
Yeast Mating Type
... Definition and Mutant Phenotype Saccharomyces cerevisiae, baker’s yeast, can exist in either a haploid (1n) or a diploid (2n) state. Haploids express one of two mating types, a or a (alpha). Haploids of either mating type are capable of mating with haploids of the opposite mating type in response to ...
... Definition and Mutant Phenotype Saccharomyces cerevisiae, baker’s yeast, can exist in either a haploid (1n) or a diploid (2n) state. Haploids express one of two mating types, a or a (alpha). Haploids of either mating type are capable of mating with haploids of the opposite mating type in response to ...
Iron-sulfur proteins and the role of iron in the gene expression of
... 2. FeS clusters and FeS proteins Proteins that contain iron-sulfur (FeS) clusters as a prosthetic group are widely utilised in all living organisms for a variety of cellular processes. Inorganic FeS metal compounds were already present in hydrothermal vents in the anaerobic atmosphere of the ancien ...
... 2. FeS clusters and FeS proteins Proteins that contain iron-sulfur (FeS) clusters as a prosthetic group are widely utilised in all living organisms for a variety of cellular processes. Inorganic FeS metal compounds were already present in hydrothermal vents in the anaerobic atmosphere of the ancien ...
FIST/HIPK3: a Fas/FADD-interacting Serine/Threonine Kinase that
... Figure 1. Structure, expression and enzymatic activity of FIST/HIPK3. (A and B) Predicted aa sequence and structural organization of human and murine FIST/HIPK3. FIST/HIPK3 contains a kinase domain and a PEST sequence, which are linked by a region of ⵑ200 aa that was identified to interact with the ...
... Figure 1. Structure, expression and enzymatic activity of FIST/HIPK3. (A and B) Predicted aa sequence and structural organization of human and murine FIST/HIPK3. FIST/HIPK3 contains a kinase domain and a PEST sequence, which are linked by a region of ⵑ200 aa that was identified to interact with the ...
Activation of DNA Damage Response Pathways during Lytic
... latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA). In order to propagate, the virus must switch to the lytic phase, during which the majority of viral genes are expressed, viral DNA is amplified and infectious virus is released following lysis of the host cell. The viral replication and transcription activa ...
... latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA). In order to propagate, the virus must switch to the lytic phase, during which the majority of viral genes are expressed, viral DNA is amplified and infectious virus is released following lysis of the host cell. The viral replication and transcription activa ...
Mitochondrial stress causes increased succination of proteins in
... adipocytes were cultured in DMEM (Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium) containing 5 μg/ml (800 nM) insulin and either 5 mM D-glucose, 30 mM D-glucose or 30 mM D-glucose containing drug treatments [CCCP (carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone), DNP (2,4-dinitrophenol), SA (salicylic acid) or metform ...
... adipocytes were cultured in DMEM (Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium) containing 5 μg/ml (800 nM) insulin and either 5 mM D-glucose, 30 mM D-glucose or 30 mM D-glucose containing drug treatments [CCCP (carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone), DNP (2,4-dinitrophenol), SA (salicylic acid) or metform ...
Chromatin meets the cell cycle
... most common histone modifications involved in the regulation of chromatin condensation are methylation and acetylation of lysine residues. In plants, SET-domain proteins are responsible for the methylation of histones, whereas histone demethylases belong to two classes: LSD1-like and JMJ proteins (L ...
... most common histone modifications involved in the regulation of chromatin condensation are methylation and acetylation of lysine residues. In plants, SET-domain proteins are responsible for the methylation of histones, whereas histone demethylases belong to two classes: LSD1-like and JMJ proteins (L ...
Toll-like Receptors and Intestinal Microbiome in Type 1 Diabetes
... altered mucosal immunity, changes in intestinal microbiome, and increased intestinal permeability - changes we have found in Toll-like receptor (TLR)-deficient Nonobese Diabetic (NOD) mice with increased T1D. This provides a model in which these putative causes can be tested with a view to identifyi ...
... altered mucosal immunity, changes in intestinal microbiome, and increased intestinal permeability - changes we have found in Toll-like receptor (TLR)-deficient Nonobese Diabetic (NOD) mice with increased T1D. This provides a model in which these putative causes can be tested with a view to identifyi ...
Affinity Chromatography
... associated with conventional cellulosic matrices available at that time. Agarose is a linear polysaccharide consisting of alternating 1,3-linked -D-galactose and 1,4-linked 3,6-anhydro--L-galactose units (13). Third, the report exploited the activation of Sepharose by treatment with cyanogen bromi ...
... associated with conventional cellulosic matrices available at that time. Agarose is a linear polysaccharide consisting of alternating 1,3-linked -D-galactose and 1,4-linked 3,6-anhydro--L-galactose units (13). Third, the report exploited the activation of Sepharose by treatment with cyanogen bromi ...
Name: Class: ______ Date: ______ ID: A Intro to College Biology
... 2. About 25 of the 92 natural elements are known to be essential to life. Which four of these 25 elements make up approximately 96% of living matter? a. carbon, sodium, chlorine, nitrogen b. carbon, sulfur, phosphorus, hydrogen c. oxygen, hydrogen, calcium, sodium d. carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxyg ...
... 2. About 25 of the 92 natural elements are known to be essential to life. Which four of these 25 elements make up approximately 96% of living matter? a. carbon, sodium, chlorine, nitrogen b. carbon, sulfur, phosphorus, hydrogen c. oxygen, hydrogen, calcium, sodium d. carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxyg ...
Translocation of proteins across the cell envelope of Gram
... proteins [29^31]. The other possibility is to complete the synthesis of the precursor protein prior to its translocation. This mechanism, termed post-translational translocation, requires that tight folding of the precursor in the cytosol is prevented and thus involves molecular chaperones such as S ...
... proteins [29^31]. The other possibility is to complete the synthesis of the precursor protein prior to its translocation. This mechanism, termed post-translational translocation, requires that tight folding of the precursor in the cytosol is prevented and thus involves molecular chaperones such as S ...
the signaling role of the accessory receptors cd2 and cd6 in t cell
... include activation of protein kinases and phosphorylation of many substrates, including the TCR, and the formation of protein complexes containing adaptors and enzymes. These “proximal” events culminate in cellular responses such as proliferation, differentiation and secretion of cytokines and growt ...
... include activation of protein kinases and phosphorylation of many substrates, including the TCR, and the formation of protein complexes containing adaptors and enzymes. These “proximal” events culminate in cellular responses such as proliferation, differentiation and secretion of cytokines and growt ...
12 Autophagy as a defence against intracellular pathogens
... recognition receptors such as the TLRs (Toll-like receptors), and this activates pro-inflammatory responses and/or production of interferon. Many of these signalling pathways also activate autophagy, allowing autophagy to play a crucial role in innate immunity (reviewed in [19]). Many pathogens ente ...
... recognition receptors such as the TLRs (Toll-like receptors), and this activates pro-inflammatory responses and/or production of interferon. Many of these signalling pathways also activate autophagy, allowing autophagy to play a crucial role in innate immunity (reviewed in [19]). Many pathogens ente ...
Chapter 16: Neural Integration II: The Autonomic Nervous System
... – stimulation of sexual glandsSexual arousal: – stimulation of sexual glands ...
... – stimulation of sexual glandsSexual arousal: – stimulation of sexual glands ...
Escherichia Coli Improvement in Recombinant Protein Production in ppGpp-Deficient
... amount of ppGpp in cultures of CF1648 and CF1693 would be during slow-growing conditions. Fed-batch fermentations provide a means to create an extended period of slow culture growth to compare the effect of ppGpp deficiency on the production of CAT during extended slow growth. Cultures of CF1648 and ...
... amount of ppGpp in cultures of CF1648 and CF1693 would be during slow-growing conditions. Fed-batch fermentations provide a means to create an extended period of slow culture growth to compare the effect of ppGpp deficiency on the production of CAT during extended slow growth. Cultures of CF1648 and ...
and Function Activation Sulfenic Acid Formation for T Cell The
... APCs. This recognition event orchestrates a signaling cascade marked by protein tyrosine phosphorylation and a rise in intracellular calcium (4 – 6). These signals initiate a new program of gene expression and differentiation into effector cells that is accompanied by increased protein synthesis, ce ...
... APCs. This recognition event orchestrates a signaling cascade marked by protein tyrosine phosphorylation and a rise in intracellular calcium (4 – 6). These signals initiate a new program of gene expression and differentiation into effector cells that is accompanied by increased protein synthesis, ce ...
Hooked on fat: the role of lipid synthesis in cancer metabolism and
... desaturase; FASN, fatty acid synthase; GPAT, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase; HMGCR, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase; HMGCS, 3-hydroxy-3methylglutaryl-CoA synthase; PPAP, phosphatidic acid phosphatase; SCD, stearoyl-CoA desaturase; SPHK, sphingosine-1-kinase. Metabolite abbreviations: ...
... desaturase; FASN, fatty acid synthase; GPAT, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase; HMGCR, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase; HMGCS, 3-hydroxy-3methylglutaryl-CoA synthase; PPAP, phosphatidic acid phosphatase; SCD, stearoyl-CoA desaturase; SPHK, sphingosine-1-kinase. Metabolite abbreviations: ...
Macrophage-specific gene functions in Spi1
... crest cells.26 There is a growing need for identification of macrophage-specific marker genes, which will facilitate the understanding of the development, behavior, and role of macrophages in the immune system. The zebrafish embryo, because of its transparency, is an excellent model to study live pr ...
... crest cells.26 There is a growing need for identification of macrophage-specific marker genes, which will facilitate the understanding of the development, behavior, and role of macrophages in the immune system. The zebrafish embryo, because of its transparency, is an excellent model to study live pr ...
Arabidopsis root K - Journal of Cell Science
... cation influx, the effect of ROS on cation efflux remains poorly studied. Hydroxyl radical (HR)-activated K+-efflux conductance has been observed alongside the activation of Ca2+ channels (Demidchik et al., 2003), but has not been investigated in detail; the singlechannel characteristics, genetic ba ...
... cation influx, the effect of ROS on cation efflux remains poorly studied. Hydroxyl radical (HR)-activated K+-efflux conductance has been observed alongside the activation of Ca2+ channels (Demidchik et al., 2003), but has not been investigated in detail; the singlechannel characteristics, genetic ba ...
Farnesoid X Receptor Ligands Inhibit Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell
... are important in atherosclerosis.7,8 These events are mediated by various cytokines and growth factors, and also depend on the degradation of extracellular matrix by proteinases such as matrix metalloproteinases. The farnesoid X receptor/bile acid receptor (FXR; NR1H4) is a member of the nuclear rec ...
... are important in atherosclerosis.7,8 These events are mediated by various cytokines and growth factors, and also depend on the degradation of extracellular matrix by proteinases such as matrix metalloproteinases. The farnesoid X receptor/bile acid receptor (FXR; NR1H4) is a member of the nuclear rec ...
Document
... Dr Alexandrowicz kindly called my attention to the presence of a number of pits, located just distally to the ischio-meropodite, mero-carpopodite and carpo-propodite joints of Homarus and Palinurus. It was observed that the location of these pits is such that they are covered by their joint membrane ...
... Dr Alexandrowicz kindly called my attention to the presence of a number of pits, located just distally to the ischio-meropodite, mero-carpopodite and carpo-propodite joints of Homarus and Palinurus. It was observed that the location of these pits is such that they are covered by their joint membrane ...
Characteristics of the caspase-like catalytic domain of
... virus and orthopoxvirus processing proteases and a family of de-sumoylating proteases; and clan CD encompassing the five families, caspases, legumains, gingipains, clostripain, and separase. Recently, bioinformatics approaches have identified two further families within this clan: the paracaspases a ...
... virus and orthopoxvirus processing proteases and a family of de-sumoylating proteases; and clan CD encompassing the five families, caspases, legumains, gingipains, clostripain, and separase. Recently, bioinformatics approaches have identified two further families within this clan: the paracaspases a ...
Homologies of process and modular elements of embryonic
... the intercellular and intracellular pathways active in forming organs were being elucidated. This program began with studies of genes whose misregulation produced cancers, but these oncogenic pathways were soon found to be the same ones embryonic cells use to regulate their growth and coordinated di ...
... the intercellular and intracellular pathways active in forming organs were being elucidated. This program began with studies of genes whose misregulation produced cancers, but these oncogenic pathways were soon found to be the same ones embryonic cells use to regulate their growth and coordinated di ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.