Auxin Responsiveness of a Novel Cytochrome P450 in Rice
... Growing evidence has appeared concerning regulation of auxin action at the level of gene expression (for example, expressional control of primary auxinresponsive genes, such as members of GH3 or Aux/ IAA family; see Leyser, 2002; Hagen and Guilfoyle, 2002; Nakazawa et al., 2001). From the expression ...
... Growing evidence has appeared concerning regulation of auxin action at the level of gene expression (for example, expressional control of primary auxinresponsive genes, such as members of GH3 or Aux/ IAA family; see Leyser, 2002; Hagen and Guilfoyle, 2002; Nakazawa et al., 2001). From the expression ...
Lung dendritic cells and host immunity to infection
... in rapidly generating surface peptide-MHC ligands after exposure to exogenous antigen [9]. In addition to TCR ligation by peptide-MHC (signal 1), T-lymphocytes need a so-called costimulatory signal 2, which is provided by the concerted action of costimulatory molecules expressed on the surface of th ...
... in rapidly generating surface peptide-MHC ligands after exposure to exogenous antigen [9]. In addition to TCR ligation by peptide-MHC (signal 1), T-lymphocytes need a so-called costimulatory signal 2, which is provided by the concerted action of costimulatory molecules expressed on the surface of th ...
7 energizing porters by proton-motive force
... Functional evolution of the primary proton pumps Analysis of homologous sequences and extrapolation to the past can provide a relatively reliable scenario for the evolution of some biological systems during the past one billion years. The onset of the primary pumps and the first porters took place o ...
... Functional evolution of the primary proton pumps Analysis of homologous sequences and extrapolation to the past can provide a relatively reliable scenario for the evolution of some biological systems during the past one billion years. The onset of the primary pumps and the first porters took place o ...
Lats kinase is involved in the intestinal apical
... The roles of Lats kinases in the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis have been well established. Here we report new roles for Lats kinase in the integrity of the apical membrane structure. WTS-1, the C. elegans Lats homolog, localized primarily to the subapical region in the intestine. A ...
... The roles of Lats kinases in the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis have been well established. Here we report new roles for Lats kinase in the integrity of the apical membrane structure. WTS-1, the C. elegans Lats homolog, localized primarily to the subapical region in the intestine. A ...
Connection of the Mitochondrial Outer and Inner Membranes by
... branes. In this case, the COOH terminus would be located in the matrix space, as was first suggested by Hales and Fuller (1997). (b) Alternatively, the hydrophobic region could span the mitochondrial outer membrane twice, and the COOH-terminal domain would thus face the cytosol. (c) If there is only ...
... branes. In this case, the COOH terminus would be located in the matrix space, as was first suggested by Hales and Fuller (1997). (b) Alternatively, the hydrophobic region could span the mitochondrial outer membrane twice, and the COOH-terminal domain would thus face the cytosol. (c) If there is only ...
Dexamethasone Rapidly Increases GABA Release in the Dorsal
... Glucocorticoids influence vagal parasympathetic output to the viscera via mechanisms that include modulation of neural circuitry in the dorsal vagal complex, a principal autonomic regulatory center. Glucocorticoids can modulate synaptic neurotransmitter release elsewhere in the brain by inducing rel ...
... Glucocorticoids influence vagal parasympathetic output to the viscera via mechanisms that include modulation of neural circuitry in the dorsal vagal complex, a principal autonomic regulatory center. Glucocorticoids can modulate synaptic neurotransmitter release elsewhere in the brain by inducing rel ...
Ammonium Dodecyl Sulfate as an Alternative to Sodium Dodecyl
... have been developed to remove the SDS interference.11-15 These techniques obviously add an undesirable step for MALDI analysis. The sample-cleaning step can result in protein loss, especially for hydrophobic or membrane proteins.16,17 An alternative approach is to develop new surfactants that have ...
... have been developed to remove the SDS interference.11-15 These techniques obviously add an undesirable step for MALDI analysis. The sample-cleaning step can result in protein loss, especially for hydrophobic or membrane proteins.16,17 An alternative approach is to develop new surfactants that have ...
Imaging the Functional Organization of Zebrafish
... cell in hindbrain segment 4 and two other neurons, MiD2cm and MiD3cm, in segments 5 and 6. All of these cells are morphologically similar, each having two major dendrites and an axon that crosses in the brain and descends along the length of the contralateral spinal cord. This set of homologs is of ...
... cell in hindbrain segment 4 and two other neurons, MiD2cm and MiD3cm, in segments 5 and 6. All of these cells are morphologically similar, each having two major dendrites and an axon that crosses in the brain and descends along the length of the contralateral spinal cord. This set of homologs is of ...
Neurotransmitter Function
... • AMPT – used to block synthesis of DA – only used in experimental research on animals • Reserpine – keeps DA from entering synaptic vesicles – used in herbal medicine and used to be used to treat high blood pressure and stress (side effects) • Clozapine – block DA receptors – used to treat symptoms ...
... • AMPT – used to block synthesis of DA – only used in experimental research on animals • Reserpine – keeps DA from entering synaptic vesicles – used in herbal medicine and used to be used to treat high blood pressure and stress (side effects) • Clozapine – block DA receptors – used to treat symptoms ...
perinuclear dense bodies: characterization as dna
... buffered with O'l M-phosphate buffer (pH7-4) at room temperature. After 15min the cells were cut into 2-mm long pieces. Fixation was stopped after two more hours by rinsing the cell fragments six times in 0-1 M-phosphate buffer for lOmin each. The samples were not subjected to post-fixation with osm ...
... buffered with O'l M-phosphate buffer (pH7-4) at room temperature. After 15min the cells were cut into 2-mm long pieces. Fixation was stopped after two more hours by rinsing the cell fragments six times in 0-1 M-phosphate buffer for lOmin each. The samples were not subjected to post-fixation with osm ...
Arginine-glycine-aspartic acid motif incorporated within turnip yellow
... A tripeptide motif used by Integrins as an attachment point. RGD motifs are found within viral proteins and facilitate cellular adhesion. Integrin (protein receptor) Integrin is a ligand used by some cells and viruses for adhesion and cell signaling. Stem cells up-regulate Integrin productio ...
... A tripeptide motif used by Integrins as an attachment point. RGD motifs are found within viral proteins and facilitate cellular adhesion. Integrin (protein receptor) Integrin is a ligand used by some cells and viruses for adhesion and cell signaling. Stem cells up-regulate Integrin productio ...
Centromeres: An Integrated Protein/DNA Complex
... elements dg (3.8 kb), dh (4.0 kb), and yn/tm (less than 1 kb) (Nakaseko al 1986; Niwa et al 1989; Chikashige et al 1989; Matsumotoet al 1990). The dh region corresponds to a portion of K-L; dg to K, and yn/tm to B, respectively. Eachof these elements, or portions thereof, occur at all three S. pombe ...
... elements dg (3.8 kb), dh (4.0 kb), and yn/tm (less than 1 kb) (Nakaseko al 1986; Niwa et al 1989; Chikashige et al 1989; Matsumotoet al 1990). The dh region corresponds to a portion of K-L; dg to K, and yn/tm to B, respectively. Eachof these elements, or portions thereof, occur at all three S. pombe ...
Optical recording of electrical activity in intact neuronal networks
... neural systems rely on one-photon methods [3-7]. These methods can be used to generate high signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) measurements of action potentials (APs) from sub-cellular regions in a single trial and sub-threshold events with averaging. However, in intact tissue slices their effectiveness in ...
... neural systems rely on one-photon methods [3-7]. These methods can be used to generate high signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) measurements of action potentials (APs) from sub-cellular regions in a single trial and sub-threshold events with averaging. However, in intact tissue slices their effectiveness in ...
A point mutation in the Ch3 domain of human IgG3... secretion without affecting antigen specificity
... that contain constant (C) region genes for many of the human Ig isotypes (Coloma et al., 1992; Norderhaug et al., 1997; McLean et al., 2000) and the methods for the introduction of such vectors into mammalian cells and for harvesting of antibodies from culture supernatants are well established. Howe ...
... that contain constant (C) region genes for many of the human Ig isotypes (Coloma et al., 1992; Norderhaug et al., 1997; McLean et al., 2000) and the methods for the introduction of such vectors into mammalian cells and for harvesting of antibodies from culture supernatants are well established. Howe ...
Cholesterol and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
... this neutral lipid became an omnipresent and essential component of biomembranes in Eukaryotes. The hopanoids in Prokaryotes and eukaryotic sterols share the ability to provide stability and domain compartmentalization in membranes. Even more important is the intimate association of cholesterol with ...
... this neutral lipid became an omnipresent and essential component of biomembranes in Eukaryotes. The hopanoids in Prokaryotes and eukaryotic sterols share the ability to provide stability and domain compartmentalization in membranes. Even more important is the intimate association of cholesterol with ...
Mitochondrial behaviour throughout the lytic cycle of Toxoplasma
... novel observations pave the way for future research to identify molecular mechanisms involved in mitochondrial distribution in Toxoplasma and the consequences of these mitochondrion changes on parasite physiology. The various functions of mitochondria are governed in part by positioning of the organ ...
... novel observations pave the way for future research to identify molecular mechanisms involved in mitochondrial distribution in Toxoplasma and the consequences of these mitochondrion changes on parasite physiology. The various functions of mitochondria are governed in part by positioning of the organ ...
Cells are Either Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic
... All Cells are Either Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic • Eukaryotic cells tend to be much larger than prokaryotic cells. They have more of the specialized internal structures called organelles than do prokaryotic cells. ...
... All Cells are Either Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic • Eukaryotic cells tend to be much larger than prokaryotic cells. They have more of the specialized internal structures called organelles than do prokaryotic cells. ...
Keep Your Fingers Off My DNA: Protein–Protein
... critical amino acid involved in the interaction. Interestingly, they demonstrated that amino acids in the a-helix of FOG1 formed the binding surface for the interaction and that residues in positions normally involved in contacting DNA, positions -1, 2, 3, and 6, were also utilized for protein inter ...
... critical amino acid involved in the interaction. Interestingly, they demonstrated that amino acids in the a-helix of FOG1 formed the binding surface for the interaction and that residues in positions normally involved in contacting DNA, positions -1, 2, 3, and 6, were also utilized for protein inter ...
Draft De Novo Transcriptome of the Rat Kangaroo Potorous
... cells, these exogenous genes have come from other species, which can lead to experiment interpretation artifacts due to cross-species differences in sequence and function. Third, many antibodies developed against proteins from other species do not work in rat kangaroo. Fourth, modern genome- or tran ...
... cells, these exogenous genes have come from other species, which can lead to experiment interpretation artifacts due to cross-species differences in sequence and function. Third, many antibodies developed against proteins from other species do not work in rat kangaroo. Fourth, modern genome- or tran ...
In Vitro Characterization of Human Growth Hormone
... Growth hormone (GH) is a 22 kD, 191-aa, pituitary-derived peptide hormone that is essential for postnatal growth. GH signals via binding to GH receptor (GHR), which initiates intracellular signal transduction pathways. This leads to activation of target genes, most importantly the one encoding insul ...
... Growth hormone (GH) is a 22 kD, 191-aa, pituitary-derived peptide hormone that is essential for postnatal growth. GH signals via binding to GH receptor (GHR), which initiates intracellular signal transduction pathways. This leads to activation of target genes, most importantly the one encoding insul ...
Potassium regulation
... the potassium concentration inside the cell higher (the cell actually will shrink) the thing that will drive potassium outside the cell causing hyperkalemia • For each 10 mOsm increase in osmalrity, this will make 0.4-0.8 mEqv increase in potassium extracellular concentration • Remember that the nor ...
... the potassium concentration inside the cell higher (the cell actually will shrink) the thing that will drive potassium outside the cell causing hyperkalemia • For each 10 mOsm increase in osmalrity, this will make 0.4-0.8 mEqv increase in potassium extracellular concentration • Remember that the nor ...
Chapter 15: Neural Integration I: Sensory Pathways and the Somatic
... Receptors for the general senses are scattered throughout the body and have a relatively simple structure. They can be divided into: 1. exteroceptors – provide information about the external environment 2. proprioceptors – report the positions of skeletal muscles and joints 3. interoceptors – monito ...
... Receptors for the general senses are scattered throughout the body and have a relatively simple structure. They can be divided into: 1. exteroceptors – provide information about the external environment 2. proprioceptors – report the positions of skeletal muscles and joints 3. interoceptors – monito ...
Mutations in the conserved carboxy-terminal hydrophobic region of
... were also mutated. The mutant proteins were localized in the nuclear envelope. Complementation with a gB null-virus showed that mutants G746N, G766N, F770S and P774L showed negligible infectivity whereas G743R showed reduced infectivity. Virus particles generated from the complementation experiment ...
... were also mutated. The mutant proteins were localized in the nuclear envelope. Complementation with a gB null-virus showed that mutants G746N, G766N, F770S and P774L showed negligible infectivity whereas G743R showed reduced infectivity. Virus particles generated from the complementation experiment ...
Cognitive-Neuroscience-3rd-Edition-Gazzaniga-Test
... to and blocks voltage-gated potassium channels in the neuron cell membrane. Which of the following best describes the effects of TEA on the action potential? a. The depolarization phase of the action potential fails to occur. b. The repolarization phase of the action potential is blocked. c. The ref ...
... to and blocks voltage-gated potassium channels in the neuron cell membrane. Which of the following best describes the effects of TEA on the action potential? a. The depolarization phase of the action potential fails to occur. b. The repolarization phase of the action potential is blocked. c. The ref ...
THE BACTERIA toxin
... 1. Hemolysins - There are many different types of hemolysins but, in each case, the end result is lysis of the red blood cell with resultant anemia. 2. Leukocidins- Again, there are many different types of leukocidins, and some are specific for only one type of leukocyte. However, the end result in ...
... 1. Hemolysins - There are many different types of hemolysins but, in each case, the end result is lysis of the red blood cell with resultant anemia. 2. Leukocidins- Again, there are many different types of leukocidins, and some are specific for only one type of leukocyte. However, the end result in ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.