Chapter 2 Chemical Composition and Structure of
... primary cell wall. The hemicellulose interacts with celluloses, forming a network with microfibrils. Pectin accounts for about 30 % of polysaccharide of the primary cell wall [6]. Those cells with an active division property usually do not have the primary wall, which is similar to those mature cell ...
... primary cell wall. The hemicellulose interacts with celluloses, forming a network with microfibrils. Pectin accounts for about 30 % of polysaccharide of the primary cell wall [6]. Those cells with an active division property usually do not have the primary wall, which is similar to those mature cell ...
Functional redundancy of mammalian Polycomb genes
... Fig. 1. Gene dose-dependent alterations of the axial and appendicular skeletons and Hoxb3 gene expression in 9.5 dpc embryos. (A) Lateral views of occipitocervical region of the axial skeleton, overviews of individual C1, C2, C5, C6 and C7 vertebrae, ventral views of rib cages and overviews of scapu ...
... Fig. 1. Gene dose-dependent alterations of the axial and appendicular skeletons and Hoxb3 gene expression in 9.5 dpc embryos. (A) Lateral views of occipitocervical region of the axial skeleton, overviews of individual C1, C2, C5, C6 and C7 vertebrae, ventral views of rib cages and overviews of scapu ...
Engineering and genetic approaches to modulating the
... of GSH with antiapoptotic factors such as Bcl-2 in cancer cells have been linked to radiation and multidrug resistance (Ortega et al. 2003). However, because high GSH concentrations are essential for both antioxidant and immune defence systems in mammals, tissue GSH levels can be regulated, particul ...
... of GSH with antiapoptotic factors such as Bcl-2 in cancer cells have been linked to radiation and multidrug resistance (Ortega et al. 2003). However, because high GSH concentrations are essential for both antioxidant and immune defence systems in mammals, tissue GSH levels can be regulated, particul ...
Retention in the Golgi apparatus and expression on the cell surface
... Figure 3 Protein and mRNA expression of the C-terminally modified mutants in Ba/F3 cells (A) Western and Northern blot analyses of protein and mRNA expression of the C-terminal mutants in Ba/F3 cells. The total amount of protein and RNA loaded was monitored by blotting with an anti-actin antibody an ...
... Figure 3 Protein and mRNA expression of the C-terminally modified mutants in Ba/F3 cells (A) Western and Northern blot analyses of protein and mRNA expression of the C-terminal mutants in Ba/F3 cells. The total amount of protein and RNA loaded was monitored by blotting with an anti-actin antibody an ...
Membrane transporters in a human genome-scale
... Transporters connect cells and tissues with their immediate environment and thus can be used to define the metabolite exchange pattern and, subsequently, which intracellular metabolic pathways involving these metabolites must be active to fulfill the chief functions of the cell or tissue. At the sam ...
... Transporters connect cells and tissues with their immediate environment and thus can be used to define the metabolite exchange pattern and, subsequently, which intracellular metabolic pathways involving these metabolites must be active to fulfill the chief functions of the cell or tissue. At the sam ...
Pistil Factors Controlling Pollination
... existence of a very rapid and regulated water transport across biological membranes (Johanson et al., 2001). Some of these aquaporins or aquaporin-like genes are expressed in the pistil, among other plant tissues, of Solanum chacoense (O’Brien et al., 2002) and Brassica (Marin-Olivier et al., 2000; ...
... existence of a very rapid and regulated water transport across biological membranes (Johanson et al., 2001). Some of these aquaporins or aquaporin-like genes are expressed in the pistil, among other plant tissues, of Solanum chacoense (O’Brien et al., 2002) and Brassica (Marin-Olivier et al., 2000; ...
Collagen Diversity, Synthesis and Assembly
... cross-links; recent studies have shown how flexibility within the non-collagenous domains allows these cross-links to form (Eyre et al., 2004). Strongest homology within the FACITs is in the C-terminal collagenous (COL1) and non-collagenous (NC1) domains, and all have a thrombospondin N-terminal-lik ...
... cross-links; recent studies have shown how flexibility within the non-collagenous domains allows these cross-links to form (Eyre et al., 2004). Strongest homology within the FACITs is in the C-terminal collagenous (COL1) and non-collagenous (NC1) domains, and all have a thrombospondin N-terminal-lik ...
- Wiley Online Library
... humans upon ingestion of contaminated food. Listeriosis involves self-limiting gastrointestinal symptoms in otherwise healthy individuals but can also develop into more systemic conditions, primarily affecting the brain as well as the fetus in pregnant women (Allerberger and Wagner, 2010). In such s ...
... humans upon ingestion of contaminated food. Listeriosis involves self-limiting gastrointestinal symptoms in otherwise healthy individuals but can also develop into more systemic conditions, primarily affecting the brain as well as the fetus in pregnant women (Allerberger and Wagner, 2010). In such s ...
Psychopharmacology of conditioned reward
... stimuli and reward processes interact in a highly specific manner; analyses of this phenomenon may provide valuable insight into the processes that underlie reward-related learning. The effects of dopaminergic agents with different mechanisms of action in this paradigm have revealed several interest ...
... stimuli and reward processes interact in a highly specific manner; analyses of this phenomenon may provide valuable insight into the processes that underlie reward-related learning. The effects of dopaminergic agents with different mechanisms of action in this paradigm have revealed several interest ...
Glycemic State Regulates Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor
... and liver (38). As a result, both proteins are widely distributed throughout the nervous system(43; 217) while, at the cellular level, BDNF and its receptors, TrkB and p75, can be located in both the axon terminals and the dendrites of neurons (195). When bound to its receptor, BDNF promotes neurona ...
... and liver (38). As a result, both proteins are widely distributed throughout the nervous system(43; 217) while, at the cellular level, BDNF and its receptors, TrkB and p75, can be located in both the axon terminals and the dendrites of neurons (195). When bound to its receptor, BDNF promotes neurona ...
Biology: Concepts and Connections, 6e (Campbell)
... Answer: E Topic: 5.6 Skill: Factual Recall 25) Which of the following statements is true among all types of passive diffusion? A) Proteins are needed to transport molecules across the membrane. B) The concentration gradient is the driving force. C) Only small polar molecules are able to cross the p ...
... Answer: E Topic: 5.6 Skill: Factual Recall 25) Which of the following statements is true among all types of passive diffusion? A) Proteins are needed to transport molecules across the membrane. B) The concentration gradient is the driving force. C) Only small polar molecules are able to cross the p ...
Calreticulin, a multi-process calcium
... also involved in cellular signalling and organelle–organelle communication, including ER stress-dependent activation of transcriptional processes, Ca2+ signalling and communication to the plasma membrane Ca2+ channels and ERAD (ER-associated degradation). Furthermore, continuous fluctuation of the E ...
... also involved in cellular signalling and organelle–organelle communication, including ER stress-dependent activation of transcriptional processes, Ca2+ signalling and communication to the plasma membrane Ca2+ channels and ERAD (ER-associated degradation). Furthermore, continuous fluctuation of the E ...
Involvement of Dopamine System in Regulation of Na ,K
... Indirect activation of dopamine receptors by opiates such as morphine may act on several effectors such as ion channels, and adenylyl cyclase. Na⫹,K⫹-ATPase is another wellstudied downstream target of the action of dopamine in the striatum (Bertorello et al., 1990; Fienberg et al., 1998; Nishi et al ...
... Indirect activation of dopamine receptors by opiates such as morphine may act on several effectors such as ion channels, and adenylyl cyclase. Na⫹,K⫹-ATPase is another wellstudied downstream target of the action of dopamine in the striatum (Bertorello et al., 1990; Fienberg et al., 1998; Nishi et al ...
Unusual properties of the fungal conventional kinesin neck domain
... can remain attached to its substrate ®lament during several mechanical steps. This behaviour can be observed in single-molecule microscopic assays, but is also re¯ected in kinetic properties (Hackney, 1995). In an ATPase assay, a processive motor appears to possess a lower half-maximal activation co ...
... can remain attached to its substrate ®lament during several mechanical steps. This behaviour can be observed in single-molecule microscopic assays, but is also re¯ected in kinetic properties (Hackney, 1995). In an ATPase assay, a processive motor appears to possess a lower half-maximal activation co ...
Discrete Domains Mediate the Light-Responsive
... and DET1, which are nuclear-targeted proteins whose interactions with the COP9-containing complex remain to be resolved (Pepper et al., 1994; von Arnim and Deng, 1994). Overexpression of the COP1 protein in transgenic Arabidopsis induces features of the etiolation pathway under light conditions, mos ...
... and DET1, which are nuclear-targeted proteins whose interactions with the COP9-containing complex remain to be resolved (Pepper et al., 1994; von Arnim and Deng, 1994). Overexpression of the COP1 protein in transgenic Arabidopsis induces features of the etiolation pathway under light conditions, mos ...
Spectrin functions upstream of ankyrin in a spectrin cytoskeleton
... 2002). The “immediate family” of the founding member spectrin includes a group of closely related gene products that assemble as tetramers of α and β subunits, that associate with specific subdomains of the plasma membrane in many cells, and that share the ability to form cross-linked arrays with ac ...
... 2002). The “immediate family” of the founding member spectrin includes a group of closely related gene products that assemble as tetramers of α and β subunits, that associate with specific subdomains of the plasma membrane in many cells, and that share the ability to form cross-linked arrays with ac ...
PKC regulates the hypertrophic growth of cardiomyocytes through
... sufficient functions of selected PKC isozymes in regulating hypertrophic growth. Western blotting was performed from AdPKC-, AdPKCII-, AdPKC-, or AdPKC-infected cardiomyocytes to verify the integrity of each PKC isozyme– encoding adenovirus, to quantify overexpression levels, and to evaluate ant ...
... sufficient functions of selected PKC isozymes in regulating hypertrophic growth. Western blotting was performed from AdPKC-, AdPKCII-, AdPKC-, or AdPKC-infected cardiomyocytes to verify the integrity of each PKC isozyme– encoding adenovirus, to quantify overexpression levels, and to evaluate ant ...
Coordination of microtubule and microfilament dynamics by
... of this hypothesis, the two loci interact genetically, and the FH2 domain of Capu binds to SpireD in vitro (Fig. 3i). We mapped this interaction to a smaller construct, SpireD3, which contains the four tandem WH2-domains and the Rho1 binding site (Fig. 3i). We then conducted actin polymerization ass ...
... of this hypothesis, the two loci interact genetically, and the FH2 domain of Capu binds to SpireD in vitro (Fig. 3i). We mapped this interaction to a smaller construct, SpireD3, which contains the four tandem WH2-domains and the Rho1 binding site (Fig. 3i). We then conducted actin polymerization ass ...
TESIS DOCTORAL Regulación de la plasticidad y de la capacidad
... MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small regulatory RNAs that contribute to fine-tuning regulation of gene expression by mRNA destabilization and/or translational repression. Many approaches have been used to clarify the role of individual miRNAs but, recently, a new hypothesis about their mechanism of action p ...
... MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small regulatory RNAs that contribute to fine-tuning regulation of gene expression by mRNA destabilization and/or translational repression. Many approaches have been used to clarify the role of individual miRNAs but, recently, a new hypothesis about their mechanism of action p ...
View - OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center
... sister chromatid cohesion occurs during DNA replication and involves acetylation of the complex by the acetyltransferase CTF7. The majority of cohesin complexes are typically removed from the chromosomes during prophase. Studies in fly, human and yeast have shown that this process involves the WAPL ...
... sister chromatid cohesion occurs during DNA replication and involves acetylation of the complex by the acetyltransferase CTF7. The majority of cohesin complexes are typically removed from the chromosomes during prophase. Studies in fly, human and yeast have shown that this process involves the WAPL ...
1. Hormones of the hypothalamus
... Negative feedback control of GHRH secretion is mediated largely through compounds called somatomedins, growth-promoting hormones that are generated when tissues are exposed to growth hormone itself. Isolated deficiency of GHRH (in which there is normal functioning of the hypothalamus except for this ...
... Negative feedback control of GHRH secretion is mediated largely through compounds called somatomedins, growth-promoting hormones that are generated when tissues are exposed to growth hormone itself. Isolated deficiency of GHRH (in which there is normal functioning of the hypothalamus except for this ...
special paper calcium function and distribution during fertilization in
... in cell biology and include checkpoint release during mitosis or meiosis. Bound calcium also often forms an integral part of the structure of the cell, particularly in such dense crystalline forms as calcium crystals and cell walls. Interestingly, it may also be an early predictor of future programm ...
... in cell biology and include checkpoint release during mitosis or meiosis. Bound calcium also often forms an integral part of the structure of the cell, particularly in such dense crystalline forms as calcium crystals and cell walls. Interestingly, it may also be an early predictor of future programm ...
IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT)
... vesicle-associated membrane protein 2(VAMP2) or synaptobrevin present in synaptic vesicle and synaptosomalassociated protein of 25 kDa (SNAP25) present in plasma membrane respectively 3. Due to this fatal neurological action, botulinum toxin is a potent bio-weapon for spreading terrorism and poses a ...
... vesicle-associated membrane protein 2(VAMP2) or synaptobrevin present in synaptic vesicle and synaptosomalassociated protein of 25 kDa (SNAP25) present in plasma membrane respectively 3. Due to this fatal neurological action, botulinum toxin is a potent bio-weapon for spreading terrorism and poses a ...
Nicotine excites hypothalamic arcuate anorexigenic
... First published June 8, 2011; doi:10.1152/jn.00740.2010.—Two of the biggest health problems facing us today are addiction to nicotine and the increased prevalence of obesity. Interestingly, nicotine attenuates obesity, but the underlying mechanism is not clear. Here we address the hypothesis that if ...
... First published June 8, 2011; doi:10.1152/jn.00740.2010.—Two of the biggest health problems facing us today are addiction to nicotine and the increased prevalence of obesity. Interestingly, nicotine attenuates obesity, but the underlying mechanism is not clear. Here we address the hypothesis that if ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.