Biofilms
... Much of the physical structure that we see in the natural world is biogenic — that is, created by organisms128,129. Habitat formation by organisms occurs throughout natural systems, with prominent examples at large scales (hundreds of kilometres or more) including trees and other plants, corals and ...
... Much of the physical structure that we see in the natural world is biogenic — that is, created by organisms128,129. Habitat formation by organisms occurs throughout natural systems, with prominent examples at large scales (hundreds of kilometres or more) including trees and other plants, corals and ...
The Role of Scleraxis in Heart Valve Development and Disease
... previously unappreciated protein-coding and non-protein-coding mRNAs that are differentially expressed in the absence of Scx during valve remodeling stages. ...
... previously unappreciated protein-coding and non-protein-coding mRNAs that are differentially expressed in the absence of Scx during valve remodeling stages. ...
THE MULTIFARIOUS AND DYNAMIC REGULATION OF THE LIVING CELL Karen van Eunen
... organisms such that it may harm the organism. In order to survive, the organism should have the ability to rapidly adjust its physiology to the new conditions [110]. For instance, mammals can adapt their physiology such that a constant body temperature is maintained even when the ambient temperature ...
... organisms such that it may harm the organism. In order to survive, the organism should have the ability to rapidly adjust its physiology to the new conditions [110]. For instance, mammals can adapt their physiology such that a constant body temperature is maintained even when the ambient temperature ...
How do potentials derived from structural databases relate to true
... evolved to sequences having Z-scores between - 10 and - 15. At each step of the search process, two mutation sites were randomly chosen in a sequence, and the residues were swapped within the sequence. In this way, the amino acid composition remains the same during the search process. The compactnes ...
... evolved to sequences having Z-scores between - 10 and - 15. At each step of the search process, two mutation sites were randomly chosen in a sequence, and the residues were swapped within the sequence. In this way, the amino acid composition remains the same during the search process. The compactnes ...
Mitochondria as a Pharmacological Target
... this review is to present interactions of various therapeutically applied substances with mitochondria as their primary or secondary targets. To make the mechanisms of these effects comprehensible, we will also briefly describe the metabolic routes in which the drugs in question interfere. Medically ...
... this review is to present interactions of various therapeutically applied substances with mitochondria as their primary or secondary targets. To make the mechanisms of these effects comprehensible, we will also briefly describe the metabolic routes in which the drugs in question interfere. Medically ...
Focusing on unpolymerized actin.
... Maciver et al., 1991). The presence of active filamentsevering proteins at molar ratios to actin as high as 0.1 to 0.64 (Mabuchi, 1983; Cooper et al., 1986; Barnburg and Bray, 1987) may contribute to the rapid turnover of filaments in cells. Cofilin, like thymosin/~4, inhibits exchange of nucleotide ...
... Maciver et al., 1991). The presence of active filamentsevering proteins at molar ratios to actin as high as 0.1 to 0.64 (Mabuchi, 1983; Cooper et al., 1986; Barnburg and Bray, 1987) may contribute to the rapid turnover of filaments in cells. Cofilin, like thymosin/~4, inhibits exchange of nucleotide ...
The Populus homeobox gene ARBORKNOX2 regulates
... Figure 2. Expression of ARBORKNOX2 (ARK2) during Populus stem development revealed by whole-mount in situ hybridization. Antisense (first and second column) and sense negative control (third column) ARK2 probes were hybridized to stem sections from 2-month-old tissue culture-grown trees. The fourth ...
... Figure 2. Expression of ARBORKNOX2 (ARK2) during Populus stem development revealed by whole-mount in situ hybridization. Antisense (first and second column) and sense negative control (third column) ARK2 probes were hybridized to stem sections from 2-month-old tissue culture-grown trees. The fourth ...
-Tubulin Plays an Essential Role in the Coordination of Mitotic Events
... arrested in late G2 by nimT23. They were then shifted rapidly from 43 to 20°C. This shift released the nimT23 block and imposed the mipAD159 block. Samples were collected immediately before the shift from 43 to 20°C and at intervals afterward and were prepared for immunofluorescence microscopy. As a ...
... arrested in late G2 by nimT23. They were then shifted rapidly from 43 to 20°C. This shift released the nimT23 block and imposed the mipAD159 block. Samples were collected immediately before the shift from 43 to 20°C and at intervals afterward and were prepared for immunofluorescence microscopy. As a ...
Wood - 2010 - Nat Rev Genet
... sister chromatids, which are held together by sister chromatid cohesion (SCC). SCC is mediated by the cohesin complex, which associates with chromosomes before their replication and is converted into a cohesive state as replication forks pass. Therefore, sister chromatids are held together by SCC co ...
... sister chromatids, which are held together by sister chromatid cohesion (SCC). SCC is mediated by the cohesin complex, which associates with chromosomes before their replication and is converted into a cohesive state as replication forks pass. Therefore, sister chromatids are held together by SCC co ...
Role of histone deacetylase 2 and its
... To acquire proper functions, many proteins undergo modification after translation by enzymes, a process referred to as posttranslational modification (PTM). Indeed, diverse PTMs are involved in the regulation of the amount, function, and localization of many proteins. For example, phosphorylation i ...
... To acquire proper functions, many proteins undergo modification after translation by enzymes, a process referred to as posttranslational modification (PTM). Indeed, diverse PTMs are involved in the regulation of the amount, function, and localization of many proteins. For example, phosphorylation i ...
Stimulation Do Not Alter TTP Function Protein Kinase and
... received the following: 1 g of pGL3 luciferase vector and varying concentrations of the specified pcDNA 3.1 His C-TTP vector, with the difference in DNA transfected made up with the pcDNA3.1 His-C parental for a total of 1 g in 100 l of total, serum free RPMI 1640 medium. The DNA mixture was mixe ...
... received the following: 1 g of pGL3 luciferase vector and varying concentrations of the specified pcDNA 3.1 His C-TTP vector, with the difference in DNA transfected made up with the pcDNA3.1 His-C parental for a total of 1 g in 100 l of total, serum free RPMI 1640 medium. The DNA mixture was mixe ...
Bax cleavage is mediated by calpain during drug-induced
... screened for their ability to block p21 Bax cleavage (Figure 2b). Enzyme activity was completely inhibited by the cysteine class of protease inhibitors E-64, leupeptin, IAA, NEM and substantially blocked by the tetrapeptide inhibitor of caspase-1, Ac-YVAD-cmk (Lazebnik et al., 1994). The activity wa ...
... screened for their ability to block p21 Bax cleavage (Figure 2b). Enzyme activity was completely inhibited by the cysteine class of protease inhibitors E-64, leupeptin, IAA, NEM and substantially blocked by the tetrapeptide inhibitor of caspase-1, Ac-YVAD-cmk (Lazebnik et al., 1994). The activity wa ...
Regulation of Cytochrome bd Expression in Mycobacterium
... Mycobacteria are Gram-positive and acid-fast bacteria, belonging to the phylum of Actinobacteria. Mycobacteria possess G + C rich genomes with a content of about 62-70% (24). They are considered to be obligate aerobes and have a rod-shaped appearance of about 0.3 - 0.5 µm in diameter and of variable ...
... Mycobacteria are Gram-positive and acid-fast bacteria, belonging to the phylum of Actinobacteria. Mycobacteria possess G + C rich genomes with a content of about 62-70% (24). They are considered to be obligate aerobes and have a rod-shaped appearance of about 0.3 - 0.5 µm in diameter and of variable ...
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide homeostasis and
... enzyme in the cell that recognizes DNA lesions induced by an excess of ROS. When activated, PARP1 catalyzes the formation of long polymers of ADPR (Parylation) on itself and partner proteins to recruit the machinery of DNA repair enzymes. Mild activation of PARP1 is protective but overactivation can ...
... enzyme in the cell that recognizes DNA lesions induced by an excess of ROS. When activated, PARP1 catalyzes the formation of long polymers of ADPR (Parylation) on itself and partner proteins to recruit the machinery of DNA repair enzymes. Mild activation of PARP1 is protective but overactivation can ...
The Miraculous Benefits of Non Denatured Whey Protein Powder
... from Grass Fed Cows Unheated Grass Fed Whey Protein Powder: The Secret to Unlocking the Door to Your Personal Health Freedom Detoxification is at the heart of healing. Most all-chronic degenerative disease has at its roots toxicity. Resurrecting the body’s production of glutathione is a dynamic key ...
... from Grass Fed Cows Unheated Grass Fed Whey Protein Powder: The Secret to Unlocking the Door to Your Personal Health Freedom Detoxification is at the heart of healing. Most all-chronic degenerative disease has at its roots toxicity. Resurrecting the body’s production of glutathione is a dynamic key ...
Thiosulfoxide (Sulfane) Sulfur: New Chemistry and New Regulatory
... Since 1996 there have been many reports describing the effects of “hydrogen sulfide” in various biological systems [54]. The agent has been added to the systems usually as a pH-neutral water solution of NaHS. The solutions were generally used in an aerobic environment and, therefore, contained numer ...
... Since 1996 there have been many reports describing the effects of “hydrogen sulfide” in various biological systems [54]. The agent has been added to the systems usually as a pH-neutral water solution of NaHS. The solutions were generally used in an aerobic environment and, therefore, contained numer ...
Pollen Exine Pattern Formation is Dependent on Three Major
... Classical ultrastructural studies have revealed that the architectural structure of the pollen wall is composed of a series of concentric outer layers, although its shape, size and morphology are highly diverged among plant species. These layers are known as the exine, which is formed around the mic ...
... Classical ultrastructural studies have revealed that the architectural structure of the pollen wall is composed of a series of concentric outer layers, although its shape, size and morphology are highly diverged among plant species. These layers are known as the exine, which is formed around the mic ...
Enzymes responsible for chlorate reduction by Pseudomonas sp
... PDA is unable to respire using perchlorate [7]. The characteristics of the chlorate reductase obtained from strain PDA were substantially different from those from strain KJ. Chlorate reductase activity of strain PDA was found to be associated with the precipitate from the 55–67% saturated ammonium s ...
... PDA is unable to respire using perchlorate [7]. The characteristics of the chlorate reductase obtained from strain PDA were substantially different from those from strain KJ. Chlorate reductase activity of strain PDA was found to be associated with the precipitate from the 55–67% saturated ammonium s ...
Aalborg Universitet
... Heart failure (HF) is associated with activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and sustained increased vasopressin (AVP) release from the pituitary gland [1–5]. RAS and AVP have been shown to play a role in the kidneys by taking part in the development of hyponatremia and water retention. Hy ...
... Heart failure (HF) is associated with activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and sustained increased vasopressin (AVP) release from the pituitary gland [1–5]. RAS and AVP have been shown to play a role in the kidneys by taking part in the development of hyponatremia and water retention. Hy ...
Long-Term Treatment with Insulin and Retinoic Acid
... significantly. Vitamin A (VA) plays a role in a number of physiological functions including glucose metabolism. However, its role in skeletal muscle glucose metabolism has not been well established. Insulin controls glucose metabolism in the skeletal muscle via the regulations of glucose uptake, gly ...
... significantly. Vitamin A (VA) plays a role in a number of physiological functions including glucose metabolism. However, its role in skeletal muscle glucose metabolism has not been well established. Insulin controls glucose metabolism in the skeletal muscle via the regulations of glucose uptake, gly ...
Aalborg Universitet AVP-induced increase in AQP2 and p
... Heart failure (HF) is associated with activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and sustained increased vasopressin (AVP) release from the pituitary gland [1–5]. RAS and AVP have been shown to play a role in the kidneys by taking part in the development of hyponatremia and water retention. Hy ...
... Heart failure (HF) is associated with activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and sustained increased vasopressin (AVP) release from the pituitary gland [1–5]. RAS and AVP have been shown to play a role in the kidneys by taking part in the development of hyponatremia and water retention. Hy ...
Chapter 5 Endocrine Regulation of Glucose - Rose
... The half-life of circulating insulin is about 5 minutes; the major sites of degradation are the liver and kidney. Under normal conditions, some proinsulin secretion occurs, amounting to 3-5% of the insulin secretion; during periods of high rates of insulin release, the processing tends to be less co ...
... The half-life of circulating insulin is about 5 minutes; the major sites of degradation are the liver and kidney. Under normal conditions, some proinsulin secretion occurs, amounting to 3-5% of the insulin secretion; during periods of high rates of insulin release, the processing tends to be less co ...
EphA4 Receptor Forward Signaling Inhibits
... The loss of inhibition of glucagon secretion exacerbates hyperglycemia in type 1 and 2 diabetes. However, the molecular mechanisms that regulate glucagon secretion in unaffected and diabetic states remain relatively unexplained. We present evidence supporting a new model of juxtacrine-mediated regul ...
... The loss of inhibition of glucagon secretion exacerbates hyperglycemia in type 1 and 2 diabetes. However, the molecular mechanisms that regulate glucagon secretion in unaffected and diabetic states remain relatively unexplained. We present evidence supporting a new model of juxtacrine-mediated regul ...
Saliva of the Lyme Disease Vector, Lxodes dammini, Blocks
... the feeding cavity surrounding a tick's mouthparts would appear to serve as an effective barrier to the entry of pathogens. Yet these pathogens still manage to infect the host and, therefore, the pathogens may also exploit the same salivary pharmacological and immunosuppressive activities that ensur ...
... the feeding cavity surrounding a tick's mouthparts would appear to serve as an effective barrier to the entry of pathogens. Yet these pathogens still manage to infect the host and, therefore, the pathogens may also exploit the same salivary pharmacological and immunosuppressive activities that ensur ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.