Saliva of the Lyme Disease Vector, Lxodes dammini, Blocks
... the feeding cavity surrounding a tick's mouthparts would appear to serve as an effective barrier to the entry of pathogens. Yet these pathogens still manage to infect the host and, therefore, the pathogens may also exploit the same salivary pharmacological and immunosuppressive activities that ensur ...
... the feeding cavity surrounding a tick's mouthparts would appear to serve as an effective barrier to the entry of pathogens. Yet these pathogens still manage to infect the host and, therefore, the pathogens may also exploit the same salivary pharmacological and immunosuppressive activities that ensur ...
invited review - Luzimar Teixeira
... intracellular signaling pathways that lead to insulin- and exercisestimulated GLUT-4 translocation. Insulin utilizes a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent mechanism, whereas the exercise signal may be initiated by calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum leading to the activation of other ...
... intracellular signaling pathways that lead to insulin- and exercisestimulated GLUT-4 translocation. Insulin utilizes a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent mechanism, whereas the exercise signal may be initiated by calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum leading to the activation of other ...
Spotlight on the microbes that produce heat shock protein 90
... The appreciation that Hsp90 might be a valuable drug target was initially slow in coming. It was initiated by studies on the actions of benzoquinone ansamycins (table 1), actinomycete-derived antibiotics of very closely related structure (figure 1), in mammalian cell culture. In 1970, geldanamycin ( ...
... The appreciation that Hsp90 might be a valuable drug target was initially slow in coming. It was initiated by studies on the actions of benzoquinone ansamycins (table 1), actinomycete-derived antibiotics of very closely related structure (figure 1), in mammalian cell culture. In 1970, geldanamycin ( ...
Effects of macromolecular crowding on protein folding and
... the enzymatic activity assay. When oxidized lysozyme is refolded from 8 M urea in the presence of crowding agents, the yields of correctly folded protein are hardly affected. Identical results were obtained by refolding from 6 M guanidine HCl (GuHCl) as a denaturant (data not shown). Only at concent ...
... the enzymatic activity assay. When oxidized lysozyme is refolded from 8 M urea in the presence of crowding agents, the yields of correctly folded protein are hardly affected. Identical results were obtained by refolding from 6 M guanidine HCl (GuHCl) as a denaturant (data not shown). Only at concent ...
PIN-Dependent Auxin Transport: Action, Regulation
... exists in the plant, which has the ability to relay information about an environmental cue from the site of its perception to the tissues that react by altering their growth rates. Not only does this signal move, but it must be transported through plant tissues in a highly controlled manner, for exa ...
... exists in the plant, which has the ability to relay information about an environmental cue from the site of its perception to the tissues that react by altering their growth rates. Not only does this signal move, but it must be transported through plant tissues in a highly controlled manner, for exa ...
schoeneich_oxidants
... young people correlates with serum SCN- levels [19]. Furthermore smokers, who have high SCN- levels, have larger numbers of lipid-laden macrophages than non-smokers [20]. Unlike HOCl, which has been shown to react with a wide range of biological targets (though primarily proteins) [21-23], HOSCN rea ...
... young people correlates with serum SCN- levels [19]. Furthermore smokers, who have high SCN- levels, have larger numbers of lipid-laden macrophages than non-smokers [20]. Unlike HOCl, which has been shown to react with a wide range of biological targets (though primarily proteins) [21-23], HOSCN rea ...
Aprotinin Preserves Cellular Junctions and Reduces
... Key Words: cardioplegia 䡲 cardiopulmonary bypass 䡲 cell adhesion molecules 䡲 edema 䡲 endothelium 䡲 ischemia 䡲 signal transduction ...
... Key Words: cardioplegia 䡲 cardiopulmonary bypass 䡲 cell adhesion molecules 䡲 edema 䡲 endothelium 䡲 ischemia 䡲 signal transduction ...
Ascorbic acid: metabolism and functions of a multi
... of HzOz increases APX expression in LL, whereas catalase infiltration inhibits the expression of this gene in HL [32”]. Hydrogen peroxide also induces cytosolic APX expression in non-photosynthetic tissue [34”]. Induction of APX by its own substrate may provide a sensitive means of controlling its c ...
... of HzOz increases APX expression in LL, whereas catalase infiltration inhibits the expression of this gene in HL [32”]. Hydrogen peroxide also induces cytosolic APX expression in non-photosynthetic tissue [34”]. Induction of APX by its own substrate may provide a sensitive means of controlling its c ...
Axon Initial Segment Cytoskeleton: Architecture, Development, and
... of Ranvier. ((a), bottom) Molecular organization of the AIS. The AIS can be divided into three layers: the plasma membrane, submembrane cytoskeleton, and inner AIS shaft (left), each having AIS-specific features (zoomed view at right). The scaffolding protein ankyrin G (AnkG) recruits many other pro ...
... of Ranvier. ((a), bottom) Molecular organization of the AIS. The AIS can be divided into three layers: the plasma membrane, submembrane cytoskeleton, and inner AIS shaft (left), each having AIS-specific features (zoomed view at right). The scaffolding protein ankyrin G (AnkG) recruits many other pro ...
Neurobiological Mechanisms Underlying Oestradiol Negative and
... GnRH neurone activity in brain slices prepared at different times of day was examined using extracellular recordings. This is a critical step because the mechanisms underlying the increase in GnRH release that leads to the surge in species in which this hormone has been directly measured (2–5) may b ...
... GnRH neurone activity in brain slices prepared at different times of day was examined using extracellular recordings. This is a critical step because the mechanisms underlying the increase in GnRH release that leads to the surge in species in which this hormone has been directly measured (2–5) may b ...
The Drosophila Sec7 domain guanine nucleotide exchange factor
... (reviewed by Anders and Jurgens, 2008; Zhao et al., 2002; Bui et al., 2009). GBF1 family ARF-GEFs have been characterized in yeast (Gea1/2) (Peyroche et al., 1996; Spang et al., 2001), mammalian cells (GBF1) (Claude et al., 1999; Kawamoto et al., 2002) and plants (GNOM, GNL1) (Richter et al., 2007). ...
... (reviewed by Anders and Jurgens, 2008; Zhao et al., 2002; Bui et al., 2009). GBF1 family ARF-GEFs have been characterized in yeast (Gea1/2) (Peyroche et al., 1996; Spang et al., 2001), mammalian cells (GBF1) (Claude et al., 1999; Kawamoto et al., 2002) and plants (GNOM, GNL1) (Richter et al., 2007). ...
Plasma Membrane Depolarization and Disturbed Na Homeostasis
... excitation and 510-nm emission wavelengths in a Deltascan fluorescence spectrophotometer (PTI, Monmouth Junction, NJ). A calibration curve was used to quantify [Na1]i (in millimolar). The calibration curve was made in the presence of 3 mM gramicidin in a medium containing different concentrations of ...
... excitation and 510-nm emission wavelengths in a Deltascan fluorescence spectrophotometer (PTI, Monmouth Junction, NJ). A calibration curve was used to quantify [Na1]i (in millimolar). The calibration curve was made in the presence of 3 mM gramicidin in a medium containing different concentrations of ...
Perspectives
... 2. Entrainment: how do abrupt and transient changes in the environment, chiefly ambient light or temperature, reset the phase of the clock and thereby bring internal time into line with external time? 3. Output: how is an intracellular molecular cycle used to regulate the behavior of the cell? Comin ...
... 2. Entrainment: how do abrupt and transient changes in the environment, chiefly ambient light or temperature, reset the phase of the clock and thereby bring internal time into line with external time? 3. Output: how is an intracellular molecular cycle used to regulate the behavior of the cell? Comin ...
The G-protein regulator LGN modulates the activity of the NO
... [7,8]. The effects of cellular factors on sGC properties extend to sGC deactivation as well. In vitro studies demonstrated that, in the presence of the NO scavenger oxyhaemoglobin and the GTP substrate, the sGC–NO complex decomposes with a half-life of the order of several seconds [9]; this decompos ...
... [7,8]. The effects of cellular factors on sGC properties extend to sGC deactivation as well. In vitro studies demonstrated that, in the presence of the NO scavenger oxyhaemoglobin and the GTP substrate, the sGC–NO complex decomposes with a half-life of the order of several seconds [9]; this decompos ...
Genetic and Functional Modularity of Hox Activities in the
... achieved if they are not dependent on the recognition of specific genomic target sites. The problem of Hox specificity in MNs is particularly relevant at limb levels of the spinal cord, where individual neurons express multiple Hox proteins at the time of their differentiation [10,11,27]. In this co ...
... achieved if they are not dependent on the recognition of specific genomic target sites. The problem of Hox specificity in MNs is particularly relevant at limb levels of the spinal cord, where individual neurons express multiple Hox proteins at the time of their differentiation [10,11,27]. In this co ...
A Comparative Study - Carlos Ibanez Lab @ KI
... (Ebendal et al., 1986) NGF genes were subcloned in the expression plasmid vector pXM (Yang et al., 1986) and transiently expressed in COS cells. Conditioned medium from transfected cells was then concentrated by ultrafiltration and the recombinant NGF protein present in this medium was tested for a ...
... (Ebendal et al., 1986) NGF genes were subcloned in the expression plasmid vector pXM (Yang et al., 1986) and transiently expressed in COS cells. Conditioned medium from transfected cells was then concentrated by ultrafiltration and the recombinant NGF protein present in this medium was tested for a ...
Regulation of nuclear poly(A) addition controls the expression of
... of the poly(A) sites of the other immunoglobulin isotypes and found evidence that they also use this mechanism. These results are the ®rst demonstration of the physiological importance of the regulation of post-cleavage nuclear poly(A) addition in the regulation of alternative gene expression during ...
... of the poly(A) sites of the other immunoglobulin isotypes and found evidence that they also use this mechanism. These results are the ®rst demonstration of the physiological importance of the regulation of post-cleavage nuclear poly(A) addition in the regulation of alternative gene expression during ...
Prions as protein-based genetic elements. - Lindquist Lab
... Prions occur spontaneously in laboratory fungal strains at a low frequency. [PSI+] and [URE3] arise in 1 per 105 to 107 cells, depending on the genetic background (2, 38, 105, 108, 176). The frequency at which [Het-s∗ ] converts to [Het-s] is estimated at less than 1 per 107 (8). Incubating cells at ...
... Prions occur spontaneously in laboratory fungal strains at a low frequency. [PSI+] and [URE3] arise in 1 per 105 to 107 cells, depending on the genetic background (2, 38, 105, 108, 176). The frequency at which [Het-s∗ ] converts to [Het-s] is estimated at less than 1 per 107 (8). Incubating cells at ...
Protein Interaction Technical Handbook
... The natural affinity of binding partners for each other is at the core of in vitro methods widely adopted for both interaction discovery and confirmation. In vitro methods span a broad range of techniques. At one end of the range are those methods that can be performed at the bench with basic labora ...
... The natural affinity of binding partners for each other is at the core of in vitro methods widely adopted for both interaction discovery and confirmation. In vitro methods span a broad range of techniques. At one end of the range are those methods that can be performed at the bench with basic labora ...
ABSTRACT Title of Document:
... availability on thymocyte metabolism, energy status and survival. Embryonic thymic lobes were grown in culture in media containing varying glucose concentrations. Thymocyte glucose metabolism and mitochondria membrane potential were highest in 15 mM glucose and apoptosis was highest in 5mM glucose. ...
... availability on thymocyte metabolism, energy status and survival. Embryonic thymic lobes were grown in culture in media containing varying glucose concentrations. Thymocyte glucose metabolism and mitochondria membrane potential were highest in 15 mM glucose and apoptosis was highest in 5mM glucose. ...
Achilles` heel of Grapevine Downy Mildew
... filaments, interconnected with actin plaques. The actin cytoskeleton is presumably connected with the cell membrane and the extracellular matrix by integrin-like proteins, which was shown in an assay using RGD peptides. However, RGD peptides are not stable and too expensive for being used as fungici ...
... filaments, interconnected with actin plaques. The actin cytoskeleton is presumably connected with the cell membrane and the extracellular matrix by integrin-like proteins, which was shown in an assay using RGD peptides. However, RGD peptides are not stable and too expensive for being used as fungici ...
Upregulation of Alveolar Epithelial Active Na Transport Is
... reduced distal lung Na,K-ATPase function and diminished basal and amiloride-sensitive AFC. Total lung water content in these animals was not different from wild-type controls, suggesting that AR signaling may not be required for alveolar fluid homeostasis in uninjured lungs. Comparison of isoproter ...
... reduced distal lung Na,K-ATPase function and diminished basal and amiloride-sensitive AFC. Total lung water content in these animals was not different from wild-type controls, suggesting that AR signaling may not be required for alveolar fluid homeostasis in uninjured lungs. Comparison of isoproter ...
Guanylate cyclase in Dictyostelium discoideum with the topology of
... 5h-[γ-thio]triphosphate (GTP[S]) stimulates guanylate cyclase activity in itro supports a role for G-proteins in the regulation of guanylate cyclase [10], but the precise mechanism is unclear. Besides chemoattractants, guanylate cyclase is also activated by osmotic shock in io (e.g. 0.3 M glucose ...
... 5h-[γ-thio]triphosphate (GTP[S]) stimulates guanylate cyclase activity in itro supports a role for G-proteins in the regulation of guanylate cyclase [10], but the precise mechanism is unclear. Besides chemoattractants, guanylate cyclase is also activated by osmotic shock in io (e.g. 0.3 M glucose ...
TEF30 interacts with photosystem II monomers and is involved in the
... While the CF1β subunit of the ATP synthase – situated at the stromal side of thylakoid ...
... While the CF1β subunit of the ATP synthase – situated at the stromal side of thylakoid ...
ELM1 is required for multidrug resistance in
... In S. cerevisiae, mitotic entrance is coupled to morphogenesis (SAKCHAISRI et al. 2004). Entry into mitosis is initiated by activation of Clb2-Cdc28/Cdk1 cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK), which involves degradation of its inhibitor Swe1 kinase (M C M I L L A N et al. 2002). Mechanistically, Swe1 phosph ...
... In S. cerevisiae, mitotic entrance is coupled to morphogenesis (SAKCHAISRI et al. 2004). Entry into mitosis is initiated by activation of Clb2-Cdc28/Cdk1 cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK), which involves degradation of its inhibitor Swe1 kinase (M C M I L L A N et al. 2002). Mechanistically, Swe1 phosph ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.