Genetic and Molecular Mechanisms Controlling Reactive
... of an organism depends, in part, on its evolutionary and genetic capacity for adaptation and, in part, on individual life history. Plants are due to their constitution unable to escape from environmental stress and are constantly at the risk of succumbing to one or several stress factors. Therefore ...
... of an organism depends, in part, on its evolutionary and genetic capacity for adaptation and, in part, on individual life history. Plants are due to their constitution unable to escape from environmental stress and are constantly at the risk of succumbing to one or several stress factors. Therefore ...
On the origins of cells: a hypothesis for the evolutionary transitions
... RNA polymerases, and a battery of accessory translation factors such as EF-Tu and EF-G that are present in all prokaryotes (Poole et al. 1998, 1999), probably along with other more or less ubiquitous prokarytotic proteins such as F1–F0-type ATPases (Gogarten et al. 1989) as well as prokaryotic forms ...
... RNA polymerases, and a battery of accessory translation factors such as EF-Tu and EF-G that are present in all prokaryotes (Poole et al. 1998, 1999), probably along with other more or less ubiquitous prokarytotic proteins such as F1–F0-type ATPases (Gogarten et al. 1989) as well as prokaryotic forms ...
Neural reflexes in inflammation and immunity
... the blood–brain barrier by exploiting specific saturable transport mechanisms, by transcytosis across brain endothelial cells, or by entering the brain in regions that are devoid of a blood– brain barrier. Inflammatory cells can also cross the blood–brain barrier. The binding of soluble immune signa ...
... the blood–brain barrier by exploiting specific saturable transport mechanisms, by transcytosis across brain endothelial cells, or by entering the brain in regions that are devoid of a blood– brain barrier. Inflammatory cells can also cross the blood–brain barrier. The binding of soluble immune signa ...
Document
... to increase cytosol Ca calmodulin, a helix-loop-helix protein is used 4 Ca ions bind = Δ-conformation - now binds target proteins switching on Enzymology ...
... to increase cytosol Ca calmodulin, a helix-loop-helix protein is used 4 Ca ions bind = Δ-conformation - now binds target proteins switching on Enzymology ...
Conserved Tryptophan Residues within Putative Transmembrane
... The organic anion-transporting polypeptides (OATPs, gene symbol SLCO) are a family of transporters that mediate sodium-independent transport of a wide spectrum of structurally independent compounds (Hagenbuch and Gui, 2008). Because of their broad substrate specificity and distribution in several im ...
... The organic anion-transporting polypeptides (OATPs, gene symbol SLCO) are a family of transporters that mediate sodium-independent transport of a wide spectrum of structurally independent compounds (Hagenbuch and Gui, 2008). Because of their broad substrate specificity and distribution in several im ...
Quantifying the dynamic interactions between a clathrin-coated pit and cargo molecules
... the actual distance from the coverslip. To overcome these problems, the recruitment kinetics of clathrin and AP-2 adaptor complex was previously studied using a combination of TIRF and epifluorescence illumination (19). It was found that when ensemble averaging is obtained by aligning the CCP traject ...
... the actual distance from the coverslip. To overcome these problems, the recruitment kinetics of clathrin and AP-2 adaptor complex was previously studied using a combination of TIRF and epifluorescence illumination (19). It was found that when ensemble averaging is obtained by aligning the CCP traject ...
PDF - IRCMS
... remain poorly understood. In both vertebrates and invertebrates, mesoderm cells emerge from the ectoderm through the gastrulation process, and in amniotes this process takes place in a transitory structure called the primitive streak (referred to hereafter as the streak) (Bellairs, 1986; Mikawa et a ...
... remain poorly understood. In both vertebrates and invertebrates, mesoderm cells emerge from the ectoderm through the gastrulation process, and in amniotes this process takes place in a transitory structure called the primitive streak (referred to hereafter as the streak) (Bellairs, 1986; Mikawa et a ...
chloroquine inhibits lysosomal enzyme pinocytosis and enhances
... provided direct evidence for Man-6-P in the recognition marker for human ß-glucuronidase, confirming the predictions based on the original indirect evidence . They also presented evidence that the Man-6-P was present on oligosaccharides released by endoglycosidase H . Related evidence has also been ...
... provided direct evidence for Man-6-P in the recognition marker for human ß-glucuronidase, confirming the predictions based on the original indirect evidence . They also presented evidence that the Man-6-P was present on oligosaccharides released by endoglycosidase H . Related evidence has also been ...
Full-Text PDF
... to biocorrosion. The presence of biofilm increases the rate of corrosion by up to 10,000 times, compared with the planktonic state [35]. This is likely due to poor oxygen diffusion throughout the biofilm that results in anoxic zones, in turn favoring SRB growth. The presence of SRB in the biofilm st ...
... to biocorrosion. The presence of biofilm increases the rate of corrosion by up to 10,000 times, compared with the planktonic state [35]. This is likely due to poor oxygen diffusion throughout the biofilm that results in anoxic zones, in turn favoring SRB growth. The presence of SRB in the biofilm st ...
Cerebellar control of the inferior olive
... to the cerebellum. This nucleo-olivary projection follows the zonal and, probably also, the microzonal arrangement of the cerebellum so that closed loops are formed between the neurones in the olive, the cerebellar cortex and the nuclei. The nucleo-olivary pathway is GABAergic, but several investiga ...
... to the cerebellum. This nucleo-olivary projection follows the zonal and, probably also, the microzonal arrangement of the cerebellum so that closed loops are formed between the neurones in the olive, the cerebellar cortex and the nuclei. The nucleo-olivary pathway is GABAergic, but several investiga ...
Phospholipid synthesis in Borrelia burgdorferi: BB0249 and BB0721
... protocols (Ames, 1968) and TLC of the extracts was performed. Staining of the TLC plates confirmed that PC and PG are the major phospholipids in the B. burgdorferi membrane (data not shown) and suggested that this method was a reliable method for examining B. burgdorferi membrane phospholipids. We t ...
... protocols (Ames, 1968) and TLC of the extracts was performed. Staining of the TLC plates confirmed that PC and PG are the major phospholipids in the B. burgdorferi membrane (data not shown) and suggested that this method was a reliable method for examining B. burgdorferi membrane phospholipids. We t ...
Macromolecular biophysics of the plant cell wall: Concepts and
... walls depend on fine details of their macromolecular structure and conformation, and on their highly ordered architecture at scales from a few nanometers (i.e. just above the molecular scale) to several microns. Much of this fine detail is lost when cell-wall polymers are extracted into solution, as ...
... walls depend on fine details of their macromolecular structure and conformation, and on their highly ordered architecture at scales from a few nanometers (i.e. just above the molecular scale) to several microns. Much of this fine detail is lost when cell-wall polymers are extracted into solution, as ...
Tansley review - Professor Gero Steinberg
... et al., 2006). Thus, MT motors, and in particular kinesins, participate in a broad spectrum of functions in the fungal cell, including membrane transport, spindle elongation in mitosis and regulation of MT dynamics. However, our knowledge of the role of MT-based motors in fungi has been restricted m ...
... et al., 2006). Thus, MT motors, and in particular kinesins, participate in a broad spectrum of functions in the fungal cell, including membrane transport, spindle elongation in mitosis and regulation of MT dynamics. However, our knowledge of the role of MT-based motors in fungi has been restricted m ...
Biochemical and Cellular Investigation of Vitreoscilla Hemoglobin
... Beside its role in O2 delivery, VHb has been involved in various cellular activities, such as protein translation efficiency [3, 36], cellular metabolism [21], and alleviation of nitrosative stress [18, 22]. Recently, peroxidase-like activity has been disclosed in VHb [25, 38]. The steadystate kinet ...
... Beside its role in O2 delivery, VHb has been involved in various cellular activities, such as protein translation efficiency [3, 36], cellular metabolism [21], and alleviation of nitrosative stress [18, 22]. Recently, peroxidase-like activity has been disclosed in VHb [25, 38]. The steadystate kinet ...
Animal mitochondrial biogenesis and function
... Mitochondria play a pivotal role in cell physiology, producing the cellular energy and other essential metabolites as well as controlling apoptosis by integrating numerous death signals. The biogenesis of the oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS) depends on the coordinated expression of two geno ...
... Mitochondria play a pivotal role in cell physiology, producing the cellular energy and other essential metabolites as well as controlling apoptosis by integrating numerous death signals. The biogenesis of the oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS) depends on the coordinated expression of two geno ...
DIALYSIS and ELECTRODIALYSIS
... Example: HF and HNO3 are often used as etching agents for stainless steel. In order to recover the acid, diffusion dialysis can be applied since the protons can pass the membrane but the Fe3+ ions can not. ...
... Example: HF and HNO3 are often used as etching agents for stainless steel. In order to recover the acid, diffusion dialysis can be applied since the protons can pass the membrane but the Fe3+ ions can not. ...
Dissecting sterol function during clathrin-dependent
... lipid bilayer solvent that can interact with peripheral proteins (Simons and Sampaio, 2011). The lipid bilayer results from the self-association of the lipids hydrophobic moieties and the interaction of the hydrophilic moieties with aqueous environments. The same principle acts at the subcellular le ...
... lipid bilayer solvent that can interact with peripheral proteins (Simons and Sampaio, 2011). The lipid bilayer results from the self-association of the lipids hydrophobic moieties and the interaction of the hydrophilic moieties with aqueous environments. The same principle acts at the subcellular le ...
Planta
... by measuring seedling fresh weight (data not shown). To identify the complement of transcripts that participate in plant growth promotion triggered by GB03 VOCs and not exclude non-speciWc bacterial-VOC responses that may overlap with PGPR growth promotion, water was selected for all non-GB03 contro ...
... by measuring seedling fresh weight (data not shown). To identify the complement of transcripts that participate in plant growth promotion triggered by GB03 VOCs and not exclude non-speciWc bacterial-VOC responses that may overlap with PGPR growth promotion, water was selected for all non-GB03 contro ...
Contribution of defined amino acid residues to the immunogenicity
... 1. Introduction Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin (STa), produced by some enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) strains after colonization of the small intestine, is one of the causative agents of childhood diarrhea in developing countries, in addition to traveler's diarrhea [1]. The two types of ST ...
... 1. Introduction Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin (STa), produced by some enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) strains after colonization of the small intestine, is one of the causative agents of childhood diarrhea in developing countries, in addition to traveler's diarrhea [1]. The two types of ST ...
Dally cooperates with Drosophila Frizzled 2 to transduce Wingless
... with Drosophila Frizzled 2, modulates both short- and long-range activities of Wg. Wg signalling is defective in sugarless (sgl) mutants4. sgl encodes a Drosophila homologue of uridine diphosphoglucose dehydrogenase that is required for the formation of glucuronic acid. Because glucuronic acid is re ...
... with Drosophila Frizzled 2, modulates both short- and long-range activities of Wg. Wg signalling is defective in sugarless (sgl) mutants4. sgl encodes a Drosophila homologue of uridine diphosphoglucose dehydrogenase that is required for the formation of glucuronic acid. Because glucuronic acid is re ...
The more and smaller cells mutants of Arabidopsis
... reduction in cell size in leaves on higher nodes (Ashby, 1948); whether this phenomenon is physiological or genetically controlled remains to be answered. Recent molecular genetic studies indicate that miRNAs and transacting siRNAs regulate heteroblasty. miR172 in maize promotes the juvenile-to-adul ...
... reduction in cell size in leaves on higher nodes (Ashby, 1948); whether this phenomenon is physiological or genetically controlled remains to be answered. Recent molecular genetic studies indicate that miRNAs and transacting siRNAs regulate heteroblasty. miR172 in maize promotes the juvenile-to-adul ...
Nucleoli: Composition, Function, and Dynamics
... Arabidopsis nucleoli. Of particular interest was that aberrantly spliced mRNAs were enriched in the nucleolus and the vast majority contained premature termination codons, and therefore were likely to be turned over by the nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) pathway (Kim et al., 2009). Further, the locali ...
... Arabidopsis nucleoli. Of particular interest was that aberrantly spliced mRNAs were enriched in the nucleolus and the vast majority contained premature termination codons, and therefore were likely to be turned over by the nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) pathway (Kim et al., 2009). Further, the locali ...
Pick, L
... pair-rule genes [Jurgens et al., 1984; Nüsslein-Volhard et al., 1984, 1985; Nüsslein-Volhard and Wieschaus, 1980; Wieschaus et al., 1984). Mutations in the pairrule genes result in lethality accompanied by deletions of alternating regions of the body. The periodic deletions caused by the eight dif ...
... pair-rule genes [Jurgens et al., 1984; Nüsslein-Volhard et al., 1984, 1985; Nüsslein-Volhard and Wieschaus, 1980; Wieschaus et al., 1984). Mutations in the pairrule genes result in lethality accompanied by deletions of alternating regions of the body. The periodic deletions caused by the eight dif ...
Implications for Cystic Fibrosis Disease Patterns in Airway Epithelial
... regulator of mucoidy and a negative regulator of flagella-mediated motility (21). During normal growth and infection, many bacteria secrete flagellin, the structural component of the bacterial flagellum (22). In epithelial cells, flagellin from different bacterial species elicits a strong inflammato ...
... regulator of mucoidy and a negative regulator of flagella-mediated motility (21). During normal growth and infection, many bacteria secrete flagellin, the structural component of the bacterial flagellum (22). In epithelial cells, flagellin from different bacterial species elicits a strong inflammato ...
A-new-precipitation-technique-provides-evidence-for-the
... the permeability of cell walls and especially of endodermal Casparian bands (CBs) for ions was tested in young roots of corn (Zea mays) and rice (Oryza sativa). The test was based on suction of either 100 mM CuSO4 or 200 mM K4[Fe(CN)6] into the root from its medium using a pump (excised roots) or tr ...
... the permeability of cell walls and especially of endodermal Casparian bands (CBs) for ions was tested in young roots of corn (Zea mays) and rice (Oryza sativa). The test was based on suction of either 100 mM CuSO4 or 200 mM K4[Fe(CN)6] into the root from its medium using a pump (excised roots) or tr ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.