The Spatial Pattern of Cochlear Amplification
... hair cells. This frequency-dependent wave profile is brought about by an interplay between longitudinal fluid coupling and local displacement of the cochlear partition, whose stiffness and mass are graded (Lighthill, 1981). In a normal ear, an active process in outer hair cells amplifies and sharpen ...
... hair cells. This frequency-dependent wave profile is brought about by an interplay between longitudinal fluid coupling and local displacement of the cochlear partition, whose stiffness and mass are graded (Lighthill, 1981). In a normal ear, an active process in outer hair cells amplifies and sharpen ...
Negative Regulation of Rho Signaling by Insulin and Its
... starved for 24 h in serum-free ␣-MEM containing 5.5 mmol/l glucose. The next day, cells were exposed to insulin (0 –100 nmol/l) for 0 –30 min. In some experiments, VSMCs were pretreated with various inhibitors for 30 min, followed by exposure to insulin as detailed in the figure legends. Metabolic l ...
... starved for 24 h in serum-free ␣-MEM containing 5.5 mmol/l glucose. The next day, cells were exposed to insulin (0 –100 nmol/l) for 0 –30 min. In some experiments, VSMCs were pretreated with various inhibitors for 30 min, followed by exposure to insulin as detailed in the figure legends. Metabolic l ...
Transcriptional and epigenetic control of gene expression in embryo
... The eukaryotic cell must organize the DNA into a more compact form in order to fit the large amount of DNA into the tiny nucleus. This is achieved by wrapping 147bp of DNA in two super-helical turns around an octamer of histones (two of each H2A, H2B, H3 and H4) forming the basic unit of chromatin, ...
... The eukaryotic cell must organize the DNA into a more compact form in order to fit the large amount of DNA into the tiny nucleus. This is achieved by wrapping 147bp of DNA in two super-helical turns around an octamer of histones (two of each H2A, H2B, H3 and H4) forming the basic unit of chromatin, ...
ppt - Chair of Computational Biology
... V8 – 3D Modelling of TM proteins Aim: structural modelling of G-protein coupled receptors. - involved in cell communication processes - mediate senses as vision, smell, taste, and pain - regulation of appetite, digestion, blood pressure, reproduction, inflammation Extracellular signals: - chemicals ...
... V8 – 3D Modelling of TM proteins Aim: structural modelling of G-protein coupled receptors. - involved in cell communication processes - mediate senses as vision, smell, taste, and pain - regulation of appetite, digestion, blood pressure, reproduction, inflammation Extracellular signals: - chemicals ...
Regulated protein degradation controls PKA function and cell
... that CulA, FbxA, and RegA are found in a complex in vivo, and formation of this complex is dependent on the MAP kinase ERK2, which is also required for PKA function. We propose that CulA and FbxA regulate multicellular development by targeting RegA for degradation via a pathway that requires ERK2 fu ...
... that CulA, FbxA, and RegA are found in a complex in vivo, and formation of this complex is dependent on the MAP kinase ERK2, which is also required for PKA function. We propose that CulA and FbxA regulate multicellular development by targeting RegA for degradation via a pathway that requires ERK2 fu ...
Cytokinin–auxin crosstalk
... Figure 2. Cytokinin and auxin crosstalk during root meristem size determination. Longitudinal view of the Arabidopsis root meristem, where the stem cell niche (STN) [48], the proximal meristem (PM), the elongation differentiation zone (EDZ) and the transition zone (TZ) can be identified [4]. The TZ ...
... Figure 2. Cytokinin and auxin crosstalk during root meristem size determination. Longitudinal view of the Arabidopsis root meristem, where the stem cell niche (STN) [48], the proximal meristem (PM), the elongation differentiation zone (EDZ) and the transition zone (TZ) can be identified [4]. The TZ ...
Variations in amino acid composition in bacterial single stranded
... from three taxonomically distant species, Helicobacter pylori, (Epsilonproteobacteria), Escherichia coli (Gammaproteobacteria), and Streptomyces coelicolor (Actinobacteria). These species with solved SSB structures were selected since they possess 38 %, 50 % and 72 % GC ratio in their genomes, respe ...
... from three taxonomically distant species, Helicobacter pylori, (Epsilonproteobacteria), Escherichia coli (Gammaproteobacteria), and Streptomyces coelicolor (Actinobacteria). These species with solved SSB structures were selected since they possess 38 %, 50 % and 72 % GC ratio in their genomes, respe ...
Cell cycle behavior of human HP1 subtypes: distinct
... Intracellular localization of YFP-fused HP1 subtypes We examined the localization of YFP-fusion constructs of human HP1 subtypes in HeLa cells. HeLa cells transiently expressing YFP-fused HP1 were fixed and observed under a fluorescence microscope. In interphase nuclei, YFP-fused HP1 showed two diff ...
... Intracellular localization of YFP-fused HP1 subtypes We examined the localization of YFP-fusion constructs of human HP1 subtypes in HeLa cells. HeLa cells transiently expressing YFP-fused HP1 were fixed and observed under a fluorescence microscope. In interphase nuclei, YFP-fused HP1 showed two diff ...
Production of Outer Membrane Vesicles in a Clinical
... added and allowed to solidify; subsequently, a small block of bacterial growth was cut and processed for TEM. Furthermore, 20 µl of the sample obtained from the OMV purification technique was taken and placed on a formvar-coated grid, where it was allowed to adsorb for 1 min and the excess was elimi ...
... added and allowed to solidify; subsequently, a small block of bacterial growth was cut and processed for TEM. Furthermore, 20 µl of the sample obtained from the OMV purification technique was taken and placed on a formvar-coated grid, where it was allowed to adsorb for 1 min and the excess was elimi ...
Translocation Arrest by Reversible Folding of a Precursor Protein
... made use of the following observation. Import and processing of a fusion protein between a mitochondrial presequence (amino acid residues 1-22 of cytochrome oxidase subunit IV) and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) t was found to be inhibited after binding of the folate antagonist methotrexate to the D ...
... made use of the following observation. Import and processing of a fusion protein between a mitochondrial presequence (amino acid residues 1-22 of cytochrome oxidase subunit IV) and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) t was found to be inhibited after binding of the folate antagonist methotrexate to the D ...
Exploring Mouse Protein Function via Multiple Approaches
... Although the number of available protein sequences is growing exponentially, functional protein annotations lag far behind. Therefore, accurate identification of protein functions remains one of the major challenges in molecular biology. In this study, we presented a novel approach to predict mouse ...
... Although the number of available protein sequences is growing exponentially, functional protein annotations lag far behind. Therefore, accurate identification of protein functions remains one of the major challenges in molecular biology. In this study, we presented a novel approach to predict mouse ...
Characterising nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the plant parasitic
... within a short time period while the environmental conditions are optimal. Therefore, locomotion is an essential component of its invasion strategy. It belongs to the phylum Nematoda, which also includes the free-living model genetic nematode C. elegans. We explored the idea that the neurobiological ...
... within a short time period while the environmental conditions are optimal. Therefore, locomotion is an essential component of its invasion strategy. It belongs to the phylum Nematoda, which also includes the free-living model genetic nematode C. elegans. We explored the idea that the neurobiological ...
Peptide inhibitors of the essential cell division protein FtsA
... conserved in bacterial species but absent in eukaryotic cells. They are extremely sensitive to inhibition because the division process depends on recruitment of specific proteins in an absolutely essential cascade forming the divisome (Dai and Lutkenhaus, 1992; Projan, 2002; Errington et al., 2003). ...
... conserved in bacterial species but absent in eukaryotic cells. They are extremely sensitive to inhibition because the division process depends on recruitment of specific proteins in an absolutely essential cascade forming the divisome (Dai and Lutkenhaus, 1992; Projan, 2002; Errington et al., 2003). ...
LY-294002-inhibitable PI 3-kinase and regulation of baseline rates
... the phosphorylation of the inositol head group of phosphoinositides at the D-3 position (7), generating lipids involved in receptor-mediated signal transduction pathways and membrane trafficking (39). The catalytic activity of PI 3-kinases can be inhibited both in vitro and in vivo by two structural ...
... the phosphorylation of the inositol head group of phosphoinositides at the D-3 position (7), generating lipids involved in receptor-mediated signal transduction pathways and membrane trafficking (39). The catalytic activity of PI 3-kinases can be inhibited both in vitro and in vivo by two structural ...
Hydrophobic-at-Interface Regions in Viral Fusion Protein Ectodomains
... the Trp spectrum obtained in the presence of POPC vesicles containing the fluorescent N-(5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulfonyl)-1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero3-phosphoethanolamine (d-DHPE) probe (Ruiz-Argüello et al., 1998). The decrease in Trp emission concomitant to the increase in d-DHPE emission ...
... the Trp spectrum obtained in the presence of POPC vesicles containing the fluorescent N-(5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulfonyl)-1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero3-phosphoethanolamine (d-DHPE) probe (Ruiz-Argüello et al., 1998). The decrease in Trp emission concomitant to the increase in d-DHPE emission ...
Abscisic Acid and Antioxidant Defense in Plant Cells
... by ABA has shown that a significant increase in the generation of ROS precedes that of antioxidant defense systems (Jiang and Zhang, 2001). Second, Cat1 expression is induced by the presence of H2O2, and the accumulation pattern for each of the three Cat transcripts in response to H2O2 is similar to ...
... by ABA has shown that a significant increase in the generation of ROS precedes that of antioxidant defense systems (Jiang and Zhang, 2001). Second, Cat1 expression is induced by the presence of H2O2, and the accumulation pattern for each of the three Cat transcripts in response to H2O2 is similar to ...
The Arabidopsis Rab GTPase family: another
... residues (CC) that are geranylgeranylated to facilitate membrane attachment are conserved near the carboxyl terminus. (b) A representation of the backbone structure of mammalian Rab3a (residues 19–191) in its GTP-bound conformation [52]. The conserved ...
... residues (CC) that are geranylgeranylated to facilitate membrane attachment are conserved near the carboxyl terminus. (b) A representation of the backbone structure of mammalian Rab3a (residues 19–191) in its GTP-bound conformation [52]. The conserved ...
Sensory Systems - Zanichelli online per la scuola
... separated by two membranes), Reissner’s membrane, and basilar membrane. Organ of Corti sits on the basilar membrane: transduces pressure waves into action potentials. Hair cells: mechanoreceptors in organs of hearing and balance. They have microvilli called stereocilia. Bending of stereocilia open o ...
... separated by two membranes), Reissner’s membrane, and basilar membrane. Organ of Corti sits on the basilar membrane: transduces pressure waves into action potentials. Hair cells: mechanoreceptors in organs of hearing and balance. They have microvilli called stereocilia. Bending of stereocilia open o ...
Apolipophorins and insects immune response
... helices 2 and 3 and helices 4 and 5. The resulting exposure of its interior permits formation of a stable interaction with hydrophobic patches on lipophorin particles which appear as a function of DAG enrichment. In turn, Kawooya et al. (1986) have proposed that M. sexta apoLp-III recognizes potenti ...
... helices 2 and 3 and helices 4 and 5. The resulting exposure of its interior permits formation of a stable interaction with hydrophobic patches on lipophorin particles which appear as a function of DAG enrichment. In turn, Kawooya et al. (1986) have proposed that M. sexta apoLp-III recognizes potenti ...
Expression and immunogenicity of the entire human T cell
... 1990) and homogenized in a glass homogenizer in the presence of DNase I (1 mg/ml) (Boehringer Mannheim). The suspension was centrifuged for 20 rain at 10000 g. Pellets were sonicated in TD buffer and incubated as described (Nyunoya et al., 1990). Future use of the pellets decided the further process ...
... 1990) and homogenized in a glass homogenizer in the presence of DNase I (1 mg/ml) (Boehringer Mannheim). The suspension was centrifuged for 20 rain at 10000 g. Pellets were sonicated in TD buffer and incubated as described (Nyunoya et al., 1990). Future use of the pellets decided the further process ...
The emerging framework of mammalian auditory hindbrain
... co-expressed in populations of cells (Klein and Kania 2014). Furthermore, exceptions to these binding restrictions result in crosstalk between the A and B families. EphA4 can bind to both ephrin A and ephrin B ligands and EphB2 can bind to ephrin A5. The association of both Eph receptors and ephrins ...
... co-expressed in populations of cells (Klein and Kania 2014). Furthermore, exceptions to these binding restrictions result in crosstalk between the A and B families. EphA4 can bind to both ephrin A and ephrin B ligands and EphB2 can bind to ephrin A5. The association of both Eph receptors and ephrins ...
Design and application of stimulus
... Other natural stimulus-responsive peptides that have yet to find their way to practical applications also exist (Table I). A 36-amino acid peptide of the influenza virus protein hemagglutinin, important for membrane fusion of the virus, has been synthesized and was shown to exhibit an increased a-he ...
... Other natural stimulus-responsive peptides that have yet to find their way to practical applications also exist (Table I). A 36-amino acid peptide of the influenza virus protein hemagglutinin, important for membrane fusion of the virus, has been synthesized and was shown to exhibit an increased a-he ...
FREE Sample Here
... a. because the molecules contain the maximum possible number of protons that can be easily donated in reactions that lead to synthesis of complex molecules b. because the molecules contain the minimum possible number of electrons that can be easily donated in reactions that lead to synthesis of comp ...
... a. because the molecules contain the maximum possible number of protons that can be easily donated in reactions that lead to synthesis of complex molecules b. because the molecules contain the minimum possible number of electrons that can be easily donated in reactions that lead to synthesis of comp ...
Evolution of Protein Structure - Theoretical and Computational
... remains an area of intense interest as, in addition to being a major constituent of the translation process, these proteins are also believed to contain vital information spanning the evolution of life from the ancient “RNA world” to the modern form of life. ...
... remains an area of intense interest as, in addition to being a major constituent of the translation process, these proteins are also believed to contain vital information spanning the evolution of life from the ancient “RNA world” to the modern form of life. ...
Nociceptor and Hair Cell Transducer Properties of TRPA1, a
... Mechanosensory channels of sensory cells mediate the sensations of hearing, touch, and some forms of pain. The TRPA1 (a member of the TRP family of ion channel proteins) channel is activated by pain-producing chemicals, and its inhibition impairs hair cell mechanotransduction. As shown here and prev ...
... Mechanosensory channels of sensory cells mediate the sensations of hearing, touch, and some forms of pain. The TRPA1 (a member of the TRP family of ion channel proteins) channel is activated by pain-producing chemicals, and its inhibition impairs hair cell mechanotransduction. As shown here and prev ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.