Xenopus ADAM13 and ADAM19 are Important for Proper
... 1.1: The Different Types of Cell Movement during Gastrulation ........................................... 14 1.2: Illustration of Gastrulation in the Xenopus laevis Embryo .............................................. 15 1.3: Schematic Diagram of an ADAM Family Member .............................. ...
... 1.1: The Different Types of Cell Movement during Gastrulation ........................................... 14 1.2: Illustration of Gastrulation in the Xenopus laevis Embryo .............................................. 15 1.3: Schematic Diagram of an ADAM Family Member .............................. ...
Protection of Drosophila chromosome ends with minimal telomere
... 2008). Drosophila chromosome ends are also bound by a protective protein complex that constitutes a functional analog of the mammalian Shelterin complex (Raffa et al. 2011; 2013). This capping complex includes the fast evolving, non conserved proteins HP1/ORC-associated protein (HOAP), HipHop, Verro ...
... 2008). Drosophila chromosome ends are also bound by a protective protein complex that constitutes a functional analog of the mammalian Shelterin complex (Raffa et al. 2011; 2013). This capping complex includes the fast evolving, non conserved proteins HP1/ORC-associated protein (HOAP), HipHop, Verro ...
How flexible is α-actinin`s rod domain?
... Abstract: α−actinin, an actin binding protein, plays a Endo, and Ebashi (1967)]. On the other hand, in nonkey role in cell migration, cross-links actin filaments in muscle cells, α-actinin organizes the cortical cytoskelethe Z-disk, and is a major component of contractile mus- ton adjacent to membra ...
... Abstract: α−actinin, an actin binding protein, plays a Endo, and Ebashi (1967)]. On the other hand, in nonkey role in cell migration, cross-links actin filaments in muscle cells, α-actinin organizes the cortical cytoskelethe Z-disk, and is a major component of contractile mus- ton adjacent to membra ...
Construction of Ms6 derivative mutants as tools for interaction
... their population is not only large but also highly dynamic (Hatfull and Hendrix, 2011). As wide diverse, bacteriophage families are taxonomically organized on the basis of their morphology and nucleic acid structure. There is no universal criteria for either genus or species. The International Commi ...
... their population is not only large but also highly dynamic (Hatfull and Hendrix, 2011). As wide diverse, bacteriophage families are taxonomically organized on the basis of their morphology and nucleic acid structure. There is no universal criteria for either genus or species. The International Commi ...
The transcription factor FoxB mediates temporal
... Hr-FoxB, Hr-FoxB-VP, Hr-FoxB-EnR and YFP mRNAs were synthesized with the mMessage mMachine kit (Ambion, Austin, TX, USA) and subsequently Poly (A) was added with a Poly (A) Tailing kit (Ambion). Hr-FoxB mRNA (7.5, 15 and 50 pg) and 50 pg of Hr-FoxB-VP, Hr-FoxB-EnR and YFP mRNAs were injected. MOs an ...
... Hr-FoxB, Hr-FoxB-VP, Hr-FoxB-EnR and YFP mRNAs were synthesized with the mMessage mMachine kit (Ambion, Austin, TX, USA) and subsequently Poly (A) was added with a Poly (A) Tailing kit (Ambion). Hr-FoxB mRNA (7.5, 15 and 50 pg) and 50 pg of Hr-FoxB-VP, Hr-FoxB-EnR and YFP mRNAs were injected. MOs an ...
ENS’06 FUSION PHAGE AS A BIOSELECTIVE NANOMATERIAL: EVOLUTION OF THE CONCEPT
... chemical, and structural properties. During infection of the host Escherichia coli, the phage coat is dissolved in the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane, while viral DNA enters the cytoplasm [12]. The protein is synthesized in infected cell as a water-soluble precursor, which contains a leader sequence ...
... chemical, and structural properties. During infection of the host Escherichia coli, the phage coat is dissolved in the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane, while viral DNA enters the cytoplasm [12]. The protein is synthesized in infected cell as a water-soluble precursor, which contains a leader sequence ...
high-speed in vivo calcium imaging reveals neuronal network
... we used a longer signal integration time per neuron to increase fluorescence signals and improve SNR. To avoid stationary parking of the laser focus on the cell, which may cause photobleaching and cell damage15, we developed a random-access pattern scanning (RAPS) mode, in which a predefined fixed s ...
... we used a longer signal integration time per neuron to increase fluorescence signals and improve SNR. To avoid stationary parking of the laser focus on the cell, which may cause photobleaching and cell damage15, we developed a random-access pattern scanning (RAPS) mode, in which a predefined fixed s ...
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... Hr-FoxB, Hr-FoxB-VP, Hr-FoxB-EnR and YFP mRNAs were synthesized with the mMessage mMachine kit (Ambion, Austin, TX, USA) and subsequently Poly (A) was added with a Poly (A) Tailing kit (Ambion). Hr-FoxB mRNA (7.5, 15 and 50 pg) and 50 pg of Hr-FoxB-VP, Hr-FoxB-EnR and YFP mRNAs were injected. MOs an ...
... Hr-FoxB, Hr-FoxB-VP, Hr-FoxB-EnR and YFP mRNAs were synthesized with the mMessage mMachine kit (Ambion, Austin, TX, USA) and subsequently Poly (A) was added with a Poly (A) Tailing kit (Ambion). Hr-FoxB mRNA (7.5, 15 and 50 pg) and 50 pg of Hr-FoxB-VP, Hr-FoxB-EnR and YFP mRNAs were injected. MOs an ...
The Vg1-related protein Gdf3 acts in a Nodal signaling
... GAC TTC AAC AGC AAC TC 3⬘ and 5⬘ GCC TCT CTT GCT CAG TGT CC 3⬘. Three independent reverse-transcription reactions were performed on each total RNA, followed by real-time PCR amplification in triplicate and normalization against Gapdh levels. ...
... GAC TTC AAC AGC AAC TC 3⬘ and 5⬘ GCC TCT CTT GCT CAG TGT CC 3⬘. Three independent reverse-transcription reactions were performed on each total RNA, followed by real-time PCR amplification in triplicate and normalization against Gapdh levels. ...
A Lipid Transfer–like Protein Is Necessary for Lily
... by tracking the epidermal surface beneath the cuticle. Figure 1A shows the transmitting tract epidermal cells that line the canal of the open style in lily with their thick transfer cell– like outer walls overlaid by a thinner outermost wall layer. The pollen tubes closely adhered to this cell surfa ...
... by tracking the epidermal surface beneath the cuticle. Figure 1A shows the transmitting tract epidermal cells that line the canal of the open style in lily with their thick transfer cell– like outer walls overlaid by a thinner outermost wall layer. The pollen tubes closely adhered to this cell surfa ...
Study of the distribution of autotrophic CO2 fixation
... PEP carboxylase (EC 4.1.1.31) was measured radiochemically as PEP-dependent fixation of bicarbonate (Ramos-Vera et al., 2009). ATP-, GTP- and diphosphate-dependent PEP carboxykinases (EC 4.1.1.49, 4.1.1.32 and 4.1.1.38, respectively) were measured in a similar manner to PEP carboxylase, but the reac ...
... PEP carboxylase (EC 4.1.1.31) was measured radiochemically as PEP-dependent fixation of bicarbonate (Ramos-Vera et al., 2009). ATP-, GTP- and diphosphate-dependent PEP carboxykinases (EC 4.1.1.49, 4.1.1.32 and 4.1.1.38, respectively) were measured in a similar manner to PEP carboxylase, but the reac ...
The Preoptic Nucleus in Fishes: A Comparative Discussion of
... hypothesized by Sawyer (1972), the receptors could cue specifically to either a decrease in plasma osmolality or a decrease in concentration of a particular ion, such as sodium, or expansion of the extracellular fluid volume. Yet another possibility is that the receptors could cue to expansion of th ...
... hypothesized by Sawyer (1972), the receptors could cue specifically to either a decrease in plasma osmolality or a decrease in concentration of a particular ion, such as sodium, or expansion of the extracellular fluid volume. Yet another possibility is that the receptors could cue to expansion of th ...
0Gcn2BJ2final
... [7,13,35] and the double mutant hal4 hal5 is acid-sensitive, demonstrating the important role of the redundant protein kinases encoded by the HAL4 and HAL5 genes [36]. In addition, there are few coincidences between the results of different groups and some genes important for tolerance to intracellu ...
... [7,13,35] and the double mutant hal4 hal5 is acid-sensitive, demonstrating the important role of the redundant protein kinases encoded by the HAL4 and HAL5 genes [36]. In addition, there are few coincidences between the results of different groups and some genes important for tolerance to intracellu ...
Macrophages Gallinarum Survival within Infected Required for
... medium (0.085 M NaCl) was used as a control condition. For SPI-2inducing conditions, bacteria were grown in a modified N-minimal medium [5 mM KCl, 7.5 mM (NH4)2SO4, 0.5 mM K2SO4, 1 mM KH2PO4, 0.1 mM Tris-HCl, pH 5.5, 38 mM glycerol, 0.1% Casamino Acids] adjusted to pH 5.5 and supplemented to reach a ...
... medium (0.085 M NaCl) was used as a control condition. For SPI-2inducing conditions, bacteria were grown in a modified N-minimal medium [5 mM KCl, 7.5 mM (NH4)2SO4, 0.5 mM K2SO4, 1 mM KH2PO4, 0.1 mM Tris-HCl, pH 5.5, 38 mM glycerol, 0.1% Casamino Acids] adjusted to pH 5.5 and supplemented to reach a ...
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... which proliferated at the same rate in the presence or absence of the inhibitor. The average cell numbers of morulae cultured from 88 h post hCG for 48 h in the presence of absence of 7-ketocholesterol were 39-8 ±4-9 and 35-5 ±6-8 for control and treated embryos respectively. An attempt was made to ...
... which proliferated at the same rate in the presence or absence of the inhibitor. The average cell numbers of morulae cultured from 88 h post hCG for 48 h in the presence of absence of 7-ketocholesterol were 39-8 ±4-9 and 35-5 ±6-8 for control and treated embryos respectively. An attempt was made to ...
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... Additionally, NK1 receptor antagonists are reported to attenuate the reward-potentiating effects of morphine in mice (Robinson et al., 2012). Based on these lines of evidence, we hypothesized that the SP/NK1 receptor system might play a role in positive reward processing in the NAc in humans. Functio ...
... Additionally, NK1 receptor antagonists are reported to attenuate the reward-potentiating effects of morphine in mice (Robinson et al., 2012). Based on these lines of evidence, we hypothesized that the SP/NK1 receptor system might play a role in positive reward processing in the NAc in humans. Functio ...
Wired for reproduction: Organization and Development of Sexually
... testosterone results in permanent anovulatory sterility. Evidence from a variety of experimental approaches indicates that sex steroids act at the level of the preoptic region during postnatal life to organize the neural pathways controlling preovulatory gonadotropin secretion. The AVPV is a likely ...
... testosterone results in permanent anovulatory sterility. Evidence from a variety of experimental approaches indicates that sex steroids act at the level of the preoptic region during postnatal life to organize the neural pathways controlling preovulatory gonadotropin secretion. The AVPV is a likely ...
PLANT COLD ACCLIMATION: Freezing Tolerance Genes and
... rich in alanine, lysine, and threonine (they account for 53% of the amino acid residues); and is composed largely of an 11-amino acid sequence that is repeated (imperfectly) nine times. The repeated sequences are present in all LEA III proteins and are predicted to form amphipathic α-helices (13). A ...
... rich in alanine, lysine, and threonine (they account for 53% of the amino acid residues); and is composed largely of an 11-amino acid sequence that is repeated (imperfectly) nine times. The repeated sequences are present in all LEA III proteins and are predicted to form amphipathic α-helices (13). A ...
Membrane Potential and Electrostatics of Phospholipid Bilayers with
... The simulations were performed in the NpT ensemble at physiological temperature (T ) 310 K) and at a pressure set to 1 bar; the Berendsen scheme was employed for both temperature and pressure.27 The periodic boundary conditions were applied in all three dimensions. The time step used was 2 fs. Simul ...
... The simulations were performed in the NpT ensemble at physiological temperature (T ) 310 K) and at a pressure set to 1 bar; the Berendsen scheme was employed for both temperature and pressure.27 The periodic boundary conditions were applied in all three dimensions. The time step used was 2 fs. Simul ...
Growth as a Solid Tumor or Reduced Glucose Concentrations
... (PNA, 3 mg/ml; Vector Laboratories, Inc., Burlingame, CA) in FCS/ PBS (3% FCS, 0.1% NaN3) for 15 min at 48C. In the blocking or enhancing experiments, cells were first exposed to KM81, KM114, or IRAWB14 antibodies for 15 min, followed by staining with FL-HA. Drug-treated cells were stained with biot ...
... (PNA, 3 mg/ml; Vector Laboratories, Inc., Burlingame, CA) in FCS/ PBS (3% FCS, 0.1% NaN3) for 15 min at 48C. In the blocking or enhancing experiments, cells were first exposed to KM81, KM114, or IRAWB14 antibodies for 15 min, followed by staining with FL-HA. Drug-treated cells were stained with biot ...
A. Work Accomplished by You and/or Others Cellular biology of
... and higher eukaryotes. A number of these proteins play dependency on the chaperone for both stability and roles in human cancer. activity even under non-stress conditions, and consequently high levels of Hsp90 are found in all eukaryotic cells. A hallmark of Hsp90-client protein interactions is that ...
... and higher eukaryotes. A number of these proteins play dependency on the chaperone for both stability and roles in human cancer. activity even under non-stress conditions, and consequently high levels of Hsp90 are found in all eukaryotic cells. A hallmark of Hsp90-client protein interactions is that ...
Hyphal homing, fusion and mycelial interconnectedness
... Hyphal fusion is a ubiquitous phenomenon in filamentous fungi. Although morphological aspects of hyphal fusion during vegetative growth are well described, molecular mechanisms associated with self-signaling and the cellular machinery required for hyphal fusion are just beginning to be revealed. Gen ...
... Hyphal fusion is a ubiquitous phenomenon in filamentous fungi. Although morphological aspects of hyphal fusion during vegetative growth are well described, molecular mechanisms associated with self-signaling and the cellular machinery required for hyphal fusion are just beginning to be revealed. Gen ...
implementation of medicinal leech preparation to investigate the
... perspective of mitigating a threat. Development of a portable device that is fast and efficient would be useful for emergency situations where organophosphate neurotoxins may be present. To do so, more research needs to be conducted on the effects of such organophosphates on the nervous system. Shar ...
... perspective of mitigating a threat. Development of a portable device that is fast and efficient would be useful for emergency situations where organophosphate neurotoxins may be present. To do so, more research needs to be conducted on the effects of such organophosphates on the nervous system. Shar ...
NSS214 - National Open University of Nigeria
... They receive input from sensory neurons, and direct the activity of motor neurons. Association neurons are present to "associate" appropriate motor responses with sensory stimuli. The early embryo contains an embryonic tissue layer known as ectoderm, on its surface that will eventually form the epid ...
... They receive input from sensory neurons, and direct the activity of motor neurons. Association neurons are present to "associate" appropriate motor responses with sensory stimuli. The early embryo contains an embryonic tissue layer known as ectoderm, on its surface that will eventually form the epid ...
STRUCTURAL INSIGHTS INTO NOVEL MICROBIAL METALLOENZYMES
... sources. Structural homology of YcfD, the second metalloenzyme, to the 2OG oxygenase family, particularily human proteins involved in ribosome assembly, combined with evidence that YcfD interacts with the essential ribosomal protein L-16 provides the first evidence of translational regulation by a 2 ...
... sources. Structural homology of YcfD, the second metalloenzyme, to the 2OG oxygenase family, particularily human proteins involved in ribosome assembly, combined with evidence that YcfD interacts with the essential ribosomal protein L-16 provides the first evidence of translational regulation by a 2 ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.