QUESTION - biologyjones
... • ANSWER: The type of plants, and the first and second cell types where carbon fixation takes place, as an adaptation to avoid photorespiration and still conduct photosynthesis during the day • QUESTION: What are C4 plants, mesophyll cells and bundle-sheath cells? Answer ...
... • ANSWER: The type of plants, and the first and second cell types where carbon fixation takes place, as an adaptation to avoid photorespiration and still conduct photosynthesis during the day • QUESTION: What are C4 plants, mesophyll cells and bundle-sheath cells? Answer ...
LIINA JAKOBSON The roles of abscisic acid, CO , and the cuticle in
... necessary for plants to survive in a dry environment. The pathways of stomatal regulation and cuticle biosynthesis evolved during the same era in the early land plants, approximately 450 million years ago (Kenrick and Crane, 1997; Cui et al., 2016). These adaptations are also important nowadays for ...
... necessary for plants to survive in a dry environment. The pathways of stomatal regulation and cuticle biosynthesis evolved during the same era in the early land plants, approximately 450 million years ago (Kenrick and Crane, 1997; Cui et al., 2016). These adaptations are also important nowadays for ...
Induction of phase 2 enzymes by serum oxidized polyamines
... can cause cytotoxicity [20–22]. Therefore, it is not surprising that cells would possess mechanisms to protect themselves from oxidative damage induced by polyamine metabolites. Nrf2 is a basic-leucine zipper transcription factor that binds to the antioxidant response element (ARE), which is found i ...
... can cause cytotoxicity [20–22]. Therefore, it is not surprising that cells would possess mechanisms to protect themselves from oxidative damage induced by polyamine metabolites. Nrf2 is a basic-leucine zipper transcription factor that binds to the antioxidant response element (ARE), which is found i ...
My Life with Dicty
... strains that expressed lacZ constitutively and characterized them using partial diploids constructed with extrachromosomal plasmids. They defined the i gene as encoding a repressor protein that bound to a genetic element at the start of the lacZ gene where it could block transcription until a ligand ...
... strains that expressed lacZ constitutively and characterized them using partial diploids constructed with extrachromosomal plasmids. They defined the i gene as encoding a repressor protein that bound to a genetic element at the start of the lacZ gene where it could block transcription until a ligand ...
Oxidative stress stimulates multiple MAPK signalling pathways and
... (PMA)] and mechanical overload. The two isoforms of JNKs identified (p46-JNK1 and p52-JNK2) were found to be phosphorylated in response to 0.5·mol·l–1 sorbitol, mechanical overload and re-oxygenation following anoxia. p38-MAPK was also stimulated by mechanical overload but was most potently activate ...
... (PMA)] and mechanical overload. The two isoforms of JNKs identified (p46-JNK1 and p52-JNK2) were found to be phosphorylated in response to 0.5·mol·l–1 sorbitol, mechanical overload and re-oxygenation following anoxia. p38-MAPK was also stimulated by mechanical overload but was most potently activate ...
Integration of light and metabolic signals for stem cell
... role in reinitiating translation (Schepetilnikov et al., 2011) as well as in the regulation ...
... role in reinitiating translation (Schepetilnikov et al., 2011) as well as in the regulation ...
Full-Text PDF
... a single / domain that contains at the core a Rossmann fold motif similar to lactate dehydrogenase (Figure 1) consisting of 5–6 -strands that form a twisted -sheet surrounded by two pairs of -helices [4]. This represented a novel fold for a zinc metallohydrolase at the time the first structure ...
... a single / domain that contains at the core a Rossmann fold motif similar to lactate dehydrogenase (Figure 1) consisting of 5–6 -strands that form a twisted -sheet surrounded by two pairs of -helices [4]. This represented a novel fold for a zinc metallohydrolase at the time the first structure ...
FREE Solved Full Length Mock Test Paper
... quantified in s olution by using a s pectrophotom eter. Which of the following is true about the absorption of light by proteins ? (A) Proteins absorb infrared light. (B) All amino acids absorb light equally. (C) The greater the concentration of protein in a solution, the more 280 nm transmitted lig ...
... quantified in s olution by using a s pectrophotom eter. Which of the following is true about the absorption of light by proteins ? (A) Proteins absorb infrared light. (B) All amino acids absorb light equally. (C) The greater the concentration of protein in a solution, the more 280 nm transmitted lig ...
Cytotoxicity of 1,2-epoxynaphthalene Is Correlated with
... others. One route of naphthalene metabolism is epoxidation. 1,2-Epoxynaphthalene is proposed to bind covalently to nucleophilic amino acid residues of cellular proteins and thus cause cytotoxicity (Zheng et al., 1997). However, the subsequent interactions of the electrophilic metabolites with macrom ...
... others. One route of naphthalene metabolism is epoxidation. 1,2-Epoxynaphthalene is proposed to bind covalently to nucleophilic amino acid residues of cellular proteins and thus cause cytotoxicity (Zheng et al., 1997). However, the subsequent interactions of the electrophilic metabolites with macrom ...
In vitro gastrointestinal digestion study of a novel bio-tofu
... protein matrix is an area of great potential for future development. Composite gels containing casein (the main cow milk proteins) and soy proteins are possible to be obtained according to the previous studies (Grygorczyk et al., 2014; Lin, Hill & Corredig, 2012). Formulations containing both soymil ...
... protein matrix is an area of great potential for future development. Composite gels containing casein (the main cow milk proteins) and soy proteins are possible to be obtained according to the previous studies (Grygorczyk et al., 2014; Lin, Hill & Corredig, 2012). Formulations containing both soymil ...
Fibroblast activation protein is induced by
... this context has not been investigated. Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is a membrane-bound, constitutively active serine protease expressed by activated fibroblasts in epithelial tumour stroma, arthritis, and wound healing, but remains virtually undetectable in healthy tissues.15 – 17 Fibroblas ...
... this context has not been investigated. Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is a membrane-bound, constitutively active serine protease expressed by activated fibroblasts in epithelial tumour stroma, arthritis, and wound healing, but remains virtually undetectable in healthy tissues.15 – 17 Fibroblas ...
Electrospun aniline-tetramer-co-polycaprolactone fibers for
... stable doping is required. Phytic acid has been reported as a stable dopant for poly(aniline),[28] and we therefore hypothesized that this non-toxic acid would work comparably in the herewith designed system. The optoelectronic activity of AT–PCL doped with phytic acid was confirmed by UV–VIS absorba ...
... stable doping is required. Phytic acid has been reported as a stable dopant for poly(aniline),[28] and we therefore hypothesized that this non-toxic acid would work comparably in the herewith designed system. The optoelectronic activity of AT–PCL doped with phytic acid was confirmed by UV–VIS absorba ...
The plant Golgi apparatus—Going with the flow
... Whatever the nature of the cargo carriers in the Golgi stack, they appear to be associated with specific molecular machineries, and to be sensitive to the secretory inhibitor Brefeldin A (BFA). After BFA treatment Golgi markers have been reported to be either redistributed to the ER [13,19] or they ...
... Whatever the nature of the cargo carriers in the Golgi stack, they appear to be associated with specific molecular machineries, and to be sensitive to the secretory inhibitor Brefeldin A (BFA). After BFA treatment Golgi markers have been reported to be either redistributed to the ER [13,19] or they ...
Effect of the Viral Proteins on the Fluidity of the Membrane Lipids in
... assumption that label I is localized in the plasma membrane of whole cells is based on the observation that during measurements in whole cells the paramagnetism of I is destroyed with a half-time of approximately 30 minutes. It is assumed that the oss of label signal is due to chemical reduction whe ...
... assumption that label I is localized in the plasma membrane of whole cells is based on the observation that during measurements in whole cells the paramagnetism of I is destroyed with a half-time of approximately 30 minutes. It is assumed that the oss of label signal is due to chemical reduction whe ...
PCTpc201500379rar2_pap_plantcell 1..13
... While in mammals, GDP-Glc is also synthesized from Glc 1-P by a GMPP complex (Szumilo et al., 1993; Ning and Elbein, 2000), a mechanism for the generation of GDP-Glc remains to be clarified in vascular plants. Nucleotide sugar pyrophosphorylases are a family of enzymes, many of which catalyze the rev ...
... While in mammals, GDP-Glc is also synthesized from Glc 1-P by a GMPP complex (Szumilo et al., 1993; Ning and Elbein, 2000), a mechanism for the generation of GDP-Glc remains to be clarified in vascular plants. Nucleotide sugar pyrophosphorylases are a family of enzymes, many of which catalyze the rev ...
Hair follicle differentiation: expression, structure and
... consisting of a conserved central region of 310-340 amino acids, capable of adopting an ar-helical coiledcoil conformation, flanked by end domains that are usually large and non-helical (for review see, Steinert and Roop, 1988). The combined protein and gene information indicate that the IF superfam ...
... consisting of a conserved central region of 310-340 amino acids, capable of adopting an ar-helical coiledcoil conformation, flanked by end domains that are usually large and non-helical (for review see, Steinert and Roop, 1988). The combined protein and gene information indicate that the IF superfam ...
Role of Ime4 Protein in PHO Regulon of S.cerevisiae.
... Dominissini et al. 2012). In some transcripts, inhibition of m6A modification has shown to decrease their translation efficiency (Tuck et al. 1999). This together with the enrichment of m6A near stop codons suggests that m6A plays a role in mRNA translation. This idea is also supported by its enrich ...
... Dominissini et al. 2012). In some transcripts, inhibition of m6A modification has shown to decrease their translation efficiency (Tuck et al. 1999). This together with the enrichment of m6A near stop codons suggests that m6A plays a role in mRNA translation. This idea is also supported by its enrich ...
The HTLV-1 Tax protein binding domain of cyclin
... deletion mutants in two regions. Two of them, CDK4dM1F31 and CDK4>dH30-V72, affected a N-terminal region. In addition, a C-terminal mutant CDK4dL272-E303 did interact at reduced levels with Tax. Thus, the N-terminal region from amino acids 1–72 and the C-terminal region from amino acids 272–303 of t ...
... deletion mutants in two regions. Two of them, CDK4dM1F31 and CDK4>dH30-V72, affected a N-terminal region. In addition, a C-terminal mutant CDK4dL272-E303 did interact at reduced levels with Tax. Thus, the N-terminal region from amino acids 1–72 and the C-terminal region from amino acids 272–303 of t ...
Hydrophilic Linkers and Polar Contacts Affect Aggregation of FG
... and attempts have been made to reconstruct its structure by merging numerous strands of experimental data (5,6). Whereas small molecules and proteins can pass through NPCs by free diffusion, larger macromolecules are strictly excluded from crossing the nuclear envelope unless they are bound to nucle ...
... and attempts have been made to reconstruct its structure by merging numerous strands of experimental data (5,6). Whereas small molecules and proteins can pass through NPCs by free diffusion, larger macromolecules are strictly excluded from crossing the nuclear envelope unless they are bound to nucle ...
Molecular characterization of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1C Esther Gratacòs i Batlle
... WARNING. On having consulted this thesis you’re accepting the following use conditions: Spreading this thesis by the TDX (www.tesisenxarxa.net) service has been authorized by the titular of the intellectual property rights only for private uses placed in investigation and teaching activities. Reprod ...
... WARNING. On having consulted this thesis you’re accepting the following use conditions: Spreading this thesis by the TDX (www.tesisenxarxa.net) service has been authorized by the titular of the intellectual property rights only for private uses placed in investigation and teaching activities. Reprod ...
Short-Lived and Phosphorylated Proteins
... explore the effects of BFA, CHI, and staurosporine on protein synthesis and secretion. In procedure 1, the drug was injected into the cell suspension (500 mg of cells in 5 mL of Suc-free uptake buffer) 20 min before [3H]Leu (9.3– 24.2 KBq mL21; 3–8 nm) was added. Incubation was allowed to proceed fo ...
... explore the effects of BFA, CHI, and staurosporine on protein synthesis and secretion. In procedure 1, the drug was injected into the cell suspension (500 mg of cells in 5 mL of Suc-free uptake buffer) 20 min before [3H]Leu (9.3– 24.2 KBq mL21; 3–8 nm) was added. Incubation was allowed to proceed fo ...
The Anaerobic (Class III) Ribonucleotide Reductase from Lactococcus lactis
... mutants in the L. lactis nrdD gene were still able to grow well under standard anaerobic growth conditions and then overproduced the NrdEF proteins (3). There are three classes of ribonucleotide reductases that differ in their protein structure (see recent reviews in Refs. 2 and 5– 8). All operate v ...
... mutants in the L. lactis nrdD gene were still able to grow well under standard anaerobic growth conditions and then overproduced the NrdEF proteins (3). There are three classes of ribonucleotide reductases that differ in their protein structure (see recent reviews in Refs. 2 and 5– 8). All operate v ...
Lysosomal function in macromolecular homeostasis and
... to selectively enter dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra based on its size and charge facilitating entry through the dopamine transporter. Upon entering dopaminergic neurons, MPP+ accumulates in mitochondria where it binds to and inhibits complex I, causing ATP depletion, and increasing rea ...
... to selectively enter dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra based on its size and charge facilitating entry through the dopamine transporter. Upon entering dopaminergic neurons, MPP+ accumulates in mitochondria where it binds to and inhibits complex I, causing ATP depletion, and increasing rea ...
A Pd8 Tetrafacial Molecular Barrel as Carrier for Water Insoluble
... diagnostics as well as biological studies in order to track dynamics and functions of various cellular processes. The foremost important factors associated with a cell imaging fluorophore are membrane permeability, cell viability, solubility, and stability.15 Various probes have been developed for th ...
... diagnostics as well as biological studies in order to track dynamics and functions of various cellular processes. The foremost important factors associated with a cell imaging fluorophore are membrane permeability, cell viability, solubility, and stability.15 Various probes have been developed for th ...
thebacterialflagellum
... seen from outside the cell. To change direction the bacterium quickly reverses the rotors of the flagella. This sudden twist causes the left-handed supercoiled filaments to be transformed into right-handed filaments. This, in turn, causes the bundle to ...
... seen from outside the cell. To change direction the bacterium quickly reverses the rotors of the flagella. This sudden twist causes the left-handed supercoiled filaments to be transformed into right-handed filaments. This, in turn, causes the bundle to ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.