Medical Biochemistry Review #2 By
... What are the starting and ending molecules? Where is the pathway (in the cell, in a tissue, in an organ system)? How does the pathway connect to other pathways? What metabolic conditions turn the pathway on and off? What are the control points for regulating the pathway? – reactants, products and en ...
... What are the starting and ending molecules? Where is the pathway (in the cell, in a tissue, in an organ system)? How does the pathway connect to other pathways? What metabolic conditions turn the pathway on and off? What are the control points for regulating the pathway? – reactants, products and en ...
IV.1 Structural and Functional Role of
... mutations G51A and G51V are found in adRP patients. It was reported that conservative mutations in the transmembrane region of rhodopsin cause misfolding of the mutant proteins [Garriga et al., 1996]. However, in those cases that the mutant proteins are able to form the correct retinal binding pocke ...
... mutations G51A and G51V are found in adRP patients. It was reported that conservative mutations in the transmembrane region of rhodopsin cause misfolding of the mutant proteins [Garriga et al., 1996]. However, in those cases that the mutant proteins are able to form the correct retinal binding pocke ...
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... SUMMARY The histone chaperone CAF-1 is known for its role in DNA replication-coupled histone deposition. However, loss of function causes lethality only in higher multicellular organisms such as mice and flies, but not in unicellular organisms such as yeasts, suggesting that CAF-1 has other importan ...
... SUMMARY The histone chaperone CAF-1 is known for its role in DNA replication-coupled histone deposition. However, loss of function causes lethality only in higher multicellular organisms such as mice and flies, but not in unicellular organisms such as yeasts, suggesting that CAF-1 has other importan ...
The Multiple Personalities of the Regulatory Subunit of Protein
... As the regulatory subunit of a protein kinase that has functions associated with cell cycle progression, CK2β is reminiscent of cyclins that are the regulatory subunits of cyclin-dependent kinases. In a related respect, it is particularly intriguing that CK2β has motifs that have been previously cha ...
... As the regulatory subunit of a protein kinase that has functions associated with cell cycle progression, CK2β is reminiscent of cyclins that are the regulatory subunits of cyclin-dependent kinases. In a related respect, it is particularly intriguing that CK2β has motifs that have been previously cha ...
Brucella Quorum Sensing: much more than
... belonging to the LuxR superfamily. Additionally, the distal portion of the regulator may also contain an activation domain involved in interactions with the initiation complexes. The HTH motif that defines the LuxR type superfamily is called GerE, and it is found not only in the QS regulator associa ...
... belonging to the LuxR superfamily. Additionally, the distal portion of the regulator may also contain an activation domain involved in interactions with the initiation complexes. The HTH motif that defines the LuxR type superfamily is called GerE, and it is found not only in the QS regulator associa ...
Functional characterization of the synaptic
... enhanced predisposition to epileptic seizures. Epilepsy is nowadays demarcated as a condition with (1) a history of at least one seizure, (2) a persistent brain alteration (measured by electroencephalography (EEG)) with the probability of upcoming seizures and (3) the association with neurobiologic, ...
... enhanced predisposition to epileptic seizures. Epilepsy is nowadays demarcated as a condition with (1) a history of at least one seizure, (2) a persistent brain alteration (measured by electroencephalography (EEG)) with the probability of upcoming seizures and (3) the association with neurobiologic, ...
Functions of the cytoplasmic domain of the βPS
... Integrins have been shown to be coupled to a variety of signal transduction pathways (Shattil and Brugge, 1991; Hynes, 1992; Juliano and Haskill, 1993). Integrins concentrate at sites of cell-extracellular matrix adhesion known as focal contacts, along with molecules with which they are known to int ...
... Integrins have been shown to be coupled to a variety of signal transduction pathways (Shattil and Brugge, 1991; Hynes, 1992; Juliano and Haskill, 1993). Integrins concentrate at sites of cell-extracellular matrix adhesion known as focal contacts, along with molecules with which they are known to int ...
MB ChB PHASE I
... Amino-acids and short peptides are absorbed into mucosal cells by several methods, including ATP-driven Na+-dependent transport like that used for Glc. [Energy Transformations - Carbohydrates Lecture 2] ...
... Amino-acids and short peptides are absorbed into mucosal cells by several methods, including ATP-driven Na+-dependent transport like that used for Glc. [Energy Transformations - Carbohydrates Lecture 2] ...
Integration of omics data with biochemical reaction
... redundancy. Hence, in a following study, two lymphoblastic leukemia cells line models are generated, combining metabolomic and transcriptomic data. The models explain distinctive concentration changes in the spent medium of the two cancer cell lines by different utilization of glycolysis and oxidati ...
... redundancy. Hence, in a following study, two lymphoblastic leukemia cells line models are generated, combining metabolomic and transcriptomic data. The models explain distinctive concentration changes in the spent medium of the two cancer cell lines by different utilization of glycolysis and oxidati ...
Chapter 4 Powerpoint Show
... • Selective permeability allows passage of some molecules • Simple diffusion • Facilitative diffusion ...
... • Selective permeability allows passage of some molecules • Simple diffusion • Facilitative diffusion ...
Anchoring of Surface Proteins to the Cell Wall of Staphylococcus
... peptide/membrane anchor catalyzes the transpeptidation reaction of surface protein anchoring in vitro, using LPXTG peptides and NH2-Gly3 as a peptidoglycan substrate (9). Both the in vivo and in vitro reactions of sortase can be inhibited with the thiolate reagent methylmethane thiosulfonate (for ex ...
... peptide/membrane anchor catalyzes the transpeptidation reaction of surface protein anchoring in vitro, using LPXTG peptides and NH2-Gly3 as a peptidoglycan substrate (9). Both the in vivo and in vitro reactions of sortase can be inhibited with the thiolate reagent methylmethane thiosulfonate (for ex ...
Lethal protein produced in response to competition
... of the proteins on P. dendritiformis colony growth, various concentrations of subtilisin were placed near growing colonies (Fig. 3A). Low subtilisin levels (Fig. 3A, Upper Line) promoted bacterial reproduction and colony expansion, whereas higher subtilisin levels (Fig. 3A, Middle Line) initially pr ...
... of the proteins on P. dendritiformis colony growth, various concentrations of subtilisin were placed near growing colonies (Fig. 3A). Low subtilisin levels (Fig. 3A, Upper Line) promoted bacterial reproduction and colony expansion, whereas higher subtilisin levels (Fig. 3A, Middle Line) initially pr ...
LRRK2 and neuroinflammation: partners in crime
... different from those exerted in other brain cell types. Interestingly, Moehle and colleagues observed a robust induction of LRRK2 protein in microglia cells of mouse SNpc or striatum after LPS-induced inflammation [30]. Furthermore, in vitro studies reported increased LRRK2 protein expression in mic ...
... different from those exerted in other brain cell types. Interestingly, Moehle and colleagues observed a robust induction of LRRK2 protein in microglia cells of mouse SNpc or striatum after LPS-induced inflammation [30]. Furthermore, in vitro studies reported increased LRRK2 protein expression in mic ...
Chapter 4 Powerpoint lecture
... • Glycocalyx surround animal cells (strength, attachment to other cells) • Carbohydrates extending from animal plasma membrane • Bonded to proteins and lipids in membrane Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
... • Glycocalyx surround animal cells (strength, attachment to other cells) • Carbohydrates extending from animal plasma membrane • Bonded to proteins and lipids in membrane Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
Proteolytic and other metabolic pathways in lysosomes
... primarily in connection with cell pathology. There was the idea that the lysosomes represent a self-destruct system for the cell, and much emphasis was put on the dire consequences of release of the lysosomal enzymes into the bulk of the cytoplasm, or into extracellular space. Direct experiments cas ...
... primarily in connection with cell pathology. There was the idea that the lysosomes represent a self-destruct system for the cell, and much emphasis was put on the dire consequences of release of the lysosomal enzymes into the bulk of the cytoplasm, or into extracellular space. Direct experiments cas ...
Hypothesizing that, A Pro-Dopamine Regulator (KB220Z) Should
... the synaptic cleft at the position of discharge [17]. As of late, it is apparent that these transporters also guard the synaptic cleft from glutamate released from glia via calcium-dependent or cysteine–glutamate exchange mechanisms [18]. This is important, given that the glial release of glutamate ...
... the synaptic cleft at the position of discharge [17]. As of late, it is apparent that these transporters also guard the synaptic cleft from glutamate released from glia via calcium-dependent or cysteine–glutamate exchange mechanisms [18]. This is important, given that the glial release of glutamate ...
Dent`s disease: chloride–proton exchange
... Summary of key findings of the article Dent’s disease is a rare disorder of the proximal tubule caused by inactivating mutations in the endosomal chloride transporter ClC-5. The disease is characterized by defective endocytosis and manifestations of proximal tubule dysfunction (renal Fanconi syndrom ...
... Summary of key findings of the article Dent’s disease is a rare disorder of the proximal tubule caused by inactivating mutations in the endosomal chloride transporter ClC-5. The disease is characterized by defective endocytosis and manifestations of proximal tubule dysfunction (renal Fanconi syndrom ...
Inhibition of 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases by
... Effects of phytoestrogens on human health have been reported for decades. These include not only beneficial action in cancer prevention but also endocrine disruption in males. Since then many molecular mechanisms underlying these effects have been identified. Targets of phytoestrogens comprise stero ...
... Effects of phytoestrogens on human health have been reported for decades. These include not only beneficial action in cancer prevention but also endocrine disruption in males. Since then many molecular mechanisms underlying these effects have been identified. Targets of phytoestrogens comprise stero ...
Functional analysis of the human CDC5L complex
... antibody and the protein revealed using ECL (Amersham). Lanes 1 and 2 are duplicates containing supernatants of mock immunodepletions using pre-immune IgG. Lane 3 contains the supernatant from antiCDC5L antibody immunodepleted nuclear extract and lane 4 is similar to lane 3 except that the antibody ...
... antibody and the protein revealed using ECL (Amersham). Lanes 1 and 2 are duplicates containing supernatants of mock immunodepletions using pre-immune IgG. Lane 3 contains the supernatant from antiCDC5L antibody immunodepleted nuclear extract and lane 4 is similar to lane 3 except that the antibody ...
Marine alga Sargassum horneri active component
... Autophagy by amino acids and their metabolites Amino acids are transported into the cell from outside by solute carrier (SLC) superfamily proteins, which are membrane-spanning amino acid transporter proteins [43]. It has been reported that amino acids (particularly leucine, glutamine, or arginine) a ...
... Autophagy by amino acids and their metabolites Amino acids are transported into the cell from outside by solute carrier (SLC) superfamily proteins, which are membrane-spanning amino acid transporter proteins [43]. It has been reported that amino acids (particularly leucine, glutamine, or arginine) a ...
letters - Cytomorpholab
... In yeasts, actin patches depend on Arp2/3 complexes and cables of actin filaments depend on formins. The FH2 domain can nucleate actin filaments that grow at their barbed ends in vitro5 and can control actin assembly in vivo6,7. Recent studies in Arabidopsis showed that extensive actin filaments can ...
... In yeasts, actin patches depend on Arp2/3 complexes and cables of actin filaments depend on formins. The FH2 domain can nucleate actin filaments that grow at their barbed ends in vitro5 and can control actin assembly in vivo6,7. Recent studies in Arabidopsis showed that extensive actin filaments can ...
Abnormal Calcium Handling in Muscular Dystrophy
... fied [2, 25]. Three full-length dystrophin isoforms have been characterized, termed brain (Dp427-B), muscle (Dp427-M) and purkinje cell (Dp427-P) dystrophin. Alternate splicing of internal promoters results in the truncated isoforms of 260 kDa, 140 kDa, 116 kDa, and 71 kDa. Alternate splicing at the ...
... fied [2, 25]. Three full-length dystrophin isoforms have been characterized, termed brain (Dp427-B), muscle (Dp427-M) and purkinje cell (Dp427-P) dystrophin. Alternate splicing of internal promoters results in the truncated isoforms of 260 kDa, 140 kDa, 116 kDa, and 71 kDa. Alternate splicing at the ...
Temporal Regulation of RNA Polymerase II by Srb10 and Kin28
... Srb10 is a negative regulator of transcription in vivo. An artificial holoenzyme recruitment assay (Barberis et al., 1995; Farrell et al., 1996; reviewed in Ptashne and Gann, 1997) provides another in vivo test of the hypothesis that Srb10 is a negative regulator. Tethering of a holoenzyme component ...
... Srb10 is a negative regulator of transcription in vivo. An artificial holoenzyme recruitment assay (Barberis et al., 1995; Farrell et al., 1996; reviewed in Ptashne and Gann, 1997) provides another in vivo test of the hypothesis that Srb10 is a negative regulator. Tethering of a holoenzyme component ...
Syntaxin of Plant Proteins SYP123 and SYP132 Mediate Root Hair
... Loss of SYP123 and SYP132 expression impairs root hair elongation We previously reported that one of the PM-resident Qa-SNAREs, SYP123, is predominantly expressed in root hair cells and polarly accumulates in the tip region of root hairs. Another PM-resident Qa-SNARE, SYP132, is also expressed in ro ...
... Loss of SYP123 and SYP132 expression impairs root hair elongation We previously reported that one of the PM-resident Qa-SNAREs, SYP123, is predominantly expressed in root hair cells and polarly accumulates in the tip region of root hairs. Another PM-resident Qa-SNARE, SYP132, is also expressed in ro ...
Basic Science for Clinicians
... However, the molecular signaling role of AMP is dramatically extended by activation of the AMPK pathway. Because many more proteins are regulated by AMPK than contain specialized AMP-binding sites, the ability of AMP to signal energy compromise is greatly enhanced. AMPK is a protein kinase that has ...
... However, the molecular signaling role of AMP is dramatically extended by activation of the AMPK pathway. Because many more proteins are regulated by AMPK than contain specialized AMP-binding sites, the ability of AMP to signal energy compromise is greatly enhanced. AMPK is a protein kinase that has ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.