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... Core SWH pathway members control pathway activity throughout larval and pupal eye development We and others recently discovered that the cadherin Ft controls tissue growth by signalling to downstream components of the SWH pathway (Bennett and Harvey, 2006; Cho et al., 2006; Silva et al., 2006; Tyler ...
... Core SWH pathway members control pathway activity throughout larval and pupal eye development We and others recently discovered that the cadherin Ft controls tissue growth by signalling to downstream components of the SWH pathway (Bennett and Harvey, 2006; Cho et al., 2006; Silva et al., 2006; Tyler ...
Mader 11 ch 3 Chemistry of Organic Molecules Part 2
... Interactions of amino acid side chains with water, covalent bonding between R groups, and other chemical interactions determine the folded three-dimensional shape of a protein. ...
... Interactions of amino acid side chains with water, covalent bonding between R groups, and other chemical interactions determine the folded three-dimensional shape of a protein. ...
Syntaxin of Plant Proteins SYP123 and SYP132 Mediate Root Hair
... Loss of SYP123 and SYP132 expression impairs root hair elongation We previously reported that one of the PM-resident Qa-SNAREs, SYP123, is predominantly expressed in root hair cells and polarly accumulates in the tip region of root hairs. Another PM-resident Qa-SNARE, SYP132, is also expressed in ro ...
... Loss of SYP123 and SYP132 expression impairs root hair elongation We previously reported that one of the PM-resident Qa-SNAREs, SYP123, is predominantly expressed in root hair cells and polarly accumulates in the tip region of root hairs. Another PM-resident Qa-SNARE, SYP132, is also expressed in ro ...
Multiple post-translational modifications regulate E
... exacerbating apoptosis. The modifications of E-cadherin by O-GlcNAcylation and lack of pro-region processing represent novel mechanisms for rapid regulation of cell surface transport of E-cadherin in response to intoxication. Key words: E-cadherin, Modifications, O-linked b-N-acetylglucosamine, Tran ...
... exacerbating apoptosis. The modifications of E-cadherin by O-GlcNAcylation and lack of pro-region processing represent novel mechanisms for rapid regulation of cell surface transport of E-cadherin in response to intoxication. Key words: E-cadherin, Modifications, O-linked b-N-acetylglucosamine, Tran ...
Peptide Formulation: Challenges and Strategies
... organised higher order structure. Those that do are often in rapid equilibrium between the different structural forms, suggesting that a shallow energy minimum landscape exists. Therefore, the aqueous solution conformation may have little similarity to the ‘active’ structure found when bound to a re ...
... organised higher order structure. Those that do are often in rapid equilibrium between the different structural forms, suggesting that a shallow energy minimum landscape exists. Therefore, the aqueous solution conformation may have little similarity to the ‘active’ structure found when bound to a re ...
comparative study of extracellular fibrils on the ectodermal layer in
... R. pipiens with the sperm of Rana catesbeiana. Early gastrulae lack extracellular fibrils. Late gastrulae, however, did have an amorphous layer of extracellular materials coating the inner aspect of the roof of the blastocoel. The scarcity of fibrils inXenopus and the lack of them in Rana, can be in ...
... R. pipiens with the sperm of Rana catesbeiana. Early gastrulae lack extracellular fibrils. Late gastrulae, however, did have an amorphous layer of extracellular materials coating the inner aspect of the roof of the blastocoel. The scarcity of fibrils inXenopus and the lack of them in Rana, can be in ...
Mercury, Cadmium, and Arsenite Enhance Heat Shock Protein
... (Dix et al., 1998; Hunter and Dix, 2001). Similarly, in mouse embryonic stem cells, overexpression of hsp27 prevented cadmium-, mercury-, and arsenite-induced toxicity (Wu and Welsh, 1996). Earlier reports had indicated that mild heat pre-treatment prevented cadmium-induced teratogenic effects in mo ...
... (Dix et al., 1998; Hunter and Dix, 2001). Similarly, in mouse embryonic stem cells, overexpression of hsp27 prevented cadmium-, mercury-, and arsenite-induced toxicity (Wu and Welsh, 1996). Earlier reports had indicated that mild heat pre-treatment prevented cadmium-induced teratogenic effects in mo ...
Neutrophils injure cultured skeletal myotubes
... microscopy were performed on several control cultures (myotubes only) and on cultures containing both neutrophils (nonin vitro-stimulated) and myotubes (E:T ratio of 5). Because of the severity of the neutrophil-mediated myotube injury at E:T ratios greater than five, an E:T ratio of five was used f ...
... microscopy were performed on several control cultures (myotubes only) and on cultures containing both neutrophils (nonin vitro-stimulated) and myotubes (E:T ratio of 5). Because of the severity of the neutrophil-mediated myotube injury at E:T ratios greater than five, an E:T ratio of five was used f ...
Automated extraction of mutation data from the literature: application
... populating these databases has been challenging since contributions to the traditional scientific literature, and not specialized databases, have been the benchmarks by which funding support and career advancement decisions are made. Increasingly, fast and ready access to biological data has become ...
... populating these databases has been challenging since contributions to the traditional scientific literature, and not specialized databases, have been the benchmarks by which funding support and career advancement decisions are made. Increasingly, fast and ready access to biological data has become ...
Genetic Analysis of Brain Circuits Underlying Pheromone Signaling
... behaviors and endocrine responses that underlie the establishment of social hierarchy, mating rituals, and parental care. The high reproducibility and significant genetic component of the response to pheromones offers a unique experimental system to uncover how internal neural templates process senso ...
... behaviors and endocrine responses that underlie the establishment of social hierarchy, mating rituals, and parental care. The high reproducibility and significant genetic component of the response to pheromones offers a unique experimental system to uncover how internal neural templates process senso ...
Fal1p Is an Essential DEAD-Box Protein Involved in 40S
... A previously uncharacterized Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene, FAL1, was found by sequence comparison as a homolog of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A (eIF4A). Fal1p has 55% identity and 73% similarity on the amino acid level to yeast eIF4A, the prototype of ATP-dependent RNA helicases o ...
... A previously uncharacterized Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene, FAL1, was found by sequence comparison as a homolog of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A (eIF4A). Fal1p has 55% identity and 73% similarity on the amino acid level to yeast eIF4A, the prototype of ATP-dependent RNA helicases o ...
Melanotransferrin stimulates t-PA
... and sMTf compared to incubation without sMTf (Fig. 2A). This reduction of Fn suggests that sMTf treatment induces the degradation of Fn by generated plasmin. Interestingly, higher concentrations of plasminogen led to a 45% reduction in Fn detection, while the same experiment performed with 500 nM of ...
... and sMTf compared to incubation without sMTf (Fig. 2A). This reduction of Fn suggests that sMTf treatment induces the degradation of Fn by generated plasmin. Interestingly, higher concentrations of plasminogen led to a 45% reduction in Fn detection, while the same experiment performed with 500 nM of ...
Discovery and Characterization of a Novel Microtubule
... hemicelluloses and lignin, are economically valuable. Plant fibres rich in cellulose, which mainly resides in their cell wall, are traditionally used in making paper and textiles. The changing global economic situation and environmental concerns have imparted necessity for renewable, but at the same ...
... hemicelluloses and lignin, are economically valuable. Plant fibres rich in cellulose, which mainly resides in their cell wall, are traditionally used in making paper and textiles. The changing global economic situation and environmental concerns have imparted necessity for renewable, but at the same ...
Ion Channels in Bursting Neurons
... history of biology, this advance in understanding was dependent on the development and application of a new technology, the voltage clamp. However, equally important was the choice of the squid giant axon as the subject of the experiments. This experimental preparation was chosen by Hodgkin and Huxl ...
... history of biology, this advance in understanding was dependent on the development and application of a new technology, the voltage clamp. However, equally important was the choice of the squid giant axon as the subject of the experiments. This experimental preparation was chosen by Hodgkin and Huxl ...
Cleavage furrow formation and ingression during animal cytokinesis
... that, in Drosophila primary spermatocytes, two different populations of microtubules contribute to the formation and ingression of the cleavage furrow (Inoue et al., 2004). Timelapse analysis revealed that a set of ‘peripheral’ astral microtubules contacts the cortex exactly at the cleavage site and ...
... that, in Drosophila primary spermatocytes, two different populations of microtubules contribute to the formation and ingression of the cleavage furrow (Inoue et al., 2004). Timelapse analysis revealed that a set of ‘peripheral’ astral microtubules contacts the cortex exactly at the cleavage site and ...
Developmental Changes in the Subcellular Localization of Calretinin
... detectable at E10 but increased dramatically by E13 and continued to increase until E18. To perform single-cell analysis and determine the subcellular location of calretinin, we used immunofluorescence labeling of calretinin in NM slices, together with confocal microscopy. To our surprise, the subce ...
... detectable at E10 but increased dramatically by E13 and continued to increase until E18. To perform single-cell analysis and determine the subcellular location of calretinin, we used immunofluorescence labeling of calretinin in NM slices, together with confocal microscopy. To our surprise, the subce ...
OSBP coupled with ER-resident protein FAN is essential
... within which cholesterol molecules are embedded. The distribution of both phospholipids and cholesterol in cellular membranes is distinct and highly dynamic. Phospholipids are asymmetrically distributed in the leaflets of many bilayer membranes, including the plasma membrane, the endosomal membrane, ...
... within which cholesterol molecules are embedded. The distribution of both phospholipids and cholesterol in cellular membranes is distinct and highly dynamic. Phospholipids are asymmetrically distributed in the leaflets of many bilayer membranes, including the plasma membrane, the endosomal membrane, ...
Biochemistry 499
... Abnormal phosphorylation has been known as a cause or consequence of many human diseases, such as cancer. This stresses the importance of regulation of the enzymes involved in reversible phosphorylation, especially the protein phosphatases. There are relatively few Ser/Thr phosphatases in the cell a ...
... Abnormal phosphorylation has been known as a cause or consequence of many human diseases, such as cancer. This stresses the importance of regulation of the enzymes involved in reversible phosphorylation, especially the protein phosphatases. There are relatively few Ser/Thr phosphatases in the cell a ...
Evolution and Function of the Plant Cell Wall
... elements required for GAUT1 function. The results show that the GAUTs, GATLs, and GATRs have a different evolutionary origin than other plant GT8 genes, were likely acquired from an ancient cyanobacterium (Synechococcus) progenitor, and separate into unique subclades that may indicate functional spe ...
... elements required for GAUT1 function. The results show that the GAUTs, GATLs, and GATRs have a different evolutionary origin than other plant GT8 genes, were likely acquired from an ancient cyanobacterium (Synechococcus) progenitor, and separate into unique subclades that may indicate functional spe ...
Metabolism of Plasma Membrane Lipids in
... synthesis, these bacteria also scavenge and degrade host cell membrane lipids to acetylCoA, via broad families of β-oxidation and other catabolic enzymes, for incorporation into their own metabolic pathways and to fuel cellular processes. The plasma membrane provides the platform for lipid metabolis ...
... synthesis, these bacteria also scavenge and degrade host cell membrane lipids to acetylCoA, via broad families of β-oxidation and other catabolic enzymes, for incorporation into their own metabolic pathways and to fuel cellular processes. The plasma membrane provides the platform for lipid metabolis ...
A Nanobody-Based System Using Fluorescent Proteins as Scaffolds
... biologically active complexes, developing a library of hybrid transcription factors that control gene expression only in the presence of GFP or its derivatives. The modular design allows for variation in key properties such as DNA specificity, transcriptional potency, and drug dependency. Production ...
... biologically active complexes, developing a library of hybrid transcription factors that control gene expression only in the presence of GFP or its derivatives. The modular design allows for variation in key properties such as DNA specificity, transcriptional potency, and drug dependency. Production ...
Control de la estabilidad de ciclinas de G1 por nutrientes Sara
... and Clb6, as well as numerous genes with functions related to DNA metabolism, budding, spindle pole body duplication, and cell wall synthesis (3, 4). Many of these transcribed genes are targets of the heterodimeric transcription factors SBF and MBF, each of which contains a Swi6 subunit and a distin ...
... and Clb6, as well as numerous genes with functions related to DNA metabolism, budding, spindle pole body duplication, and cell wall synthesis (3, 4). Many of these transcribed genes are targets of the heterodimeric transcription factors SBF and MBF, each of which contains a Swi6 subunit and a distin ...
Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acids Increase Intracellular
... attributed to activation of vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) K1 channels. However, in some cells, EETs activate Ca21 channels, resulting in Ca21 influx and increased intracellular Ca21 concentration ([Ca21]i). We investigated whether EETs also can activate Ca21 channels in vascular SMC and whether ...
... attributed to activation of vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) K1 channels. However, in some cells, EETs activate Ca21 channels, resulting in Ca21 influx and increased intracellular Ca21 concentration ([Ca21]i). We investigated whether EETs also can activate Ca21 channels in vascular SMC and whether ...
The Tobacco Mosaic Virus 126-Kilodalton Protein
... silencing of the a-tubulin gene indicated that disruption of the MTs did not alter TMV cell-to-cell spread (Gillespie et al., 2002). These authors suggested that MTs function to transport TMV MP to a subcellular site for degradation. This conclusion is further supported by the finding that a host pr ...
... silencing of the a-tubulin gene indicated that disruption of the MTs did not alter TMV cell-to-cell spread (Gillespie et al., 2002). These authors suggested that MTs function to transport TMV MP to a subcellular site for degradation. This conclusion is further supported by the finding that a host pr ...
Homeostasis of glucose
... 5.Increase in Ca++ causes microtubules to contract which moves insulin vesicles to the cell surface for dumping Supporting this theory: 1. Hyperpolarization diminishes secretion of insulin 2. Certain hypoglycemic agents promote insulin secretion by decreasing K+ conductance ...
... 5.Increase in Ca++ causes microtubules to contract which moves insulin vesicles to the cell surface for dumping Supporting this theory: 1. Hyperpolarization diminishes secretion of insulin 2. Certain hypoglycemic agents promote insulin secretion by decreasing K+ conductance ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.