GPR91: expanding the frontiers of Krebs cycle intermediates
... diverse. Moreover, after triggering the signal transduction cascade, GPR91 is known to undergo internalization. Imaging studies indicated that GPR91 is located specifically on the plasma membrane, and is internalized and then desensitized as a result of ligand stimulation [11; reviewed in 12]. Altho ...
... diverse. Moreover, after triggering the signal transduction cascade, GPR91 is known to undergo internalization. Imaging studies indicated that GPR91 is located specifically on the plasma membrane, and is internalized and then desensitized as a result of ligand stimulation [11; reviewed in 12]. Altho ...
ERK Nuclear Translocation Is Dimerization
... Stimulation of numerous cell surface receptors leads to activation of the Raf/MEK7/ERK signaling pathway. In this kinase cascade, Raf phosphorylates only MEK, and MEK phosphorylates only ERK, whereas ERK is able to phosphorylate many substrates in nearly all cell compartments (1). Noncatalytic activ ...
... Stimulation of numerous cell surface receptors leads to activation of the Raf/MEK7/ERK signaling pathway. In this kinase cascade, Raf phosphorylates only MEK, and MEK phosphorylates only ERK, whereas ERK is able to phosphorylate many substrates in nearly all cell compartments (1). Noncatalytic activ ...
Cardosin A Molecular Determinants and Biosynthetic Pathways
... remodeling. To participate in such diverse events, cardosin A must accumulate and travel to different compartments inside the cell: protein storage vacuoles, lytic vacuoles, cytoplasmic membrane (and eventually outside the cell). However, not much information is available regarding cardosin A biogen ...
... remodeling. To participate in such diverse events, cardosin A must accumulate and travel to different compartments inside the cell: protein storage vacuoles, lytic vacuoles, cytoplasmic membrane (and eventually outside the cell). However, not much information is available regarding cardosin A biogen ...
9 The AMP-activated protein kinase: more than an energy sensor
... [9]. Therefore protein phosphatases would be involved in AMPK activation resulting from a rise in AMP. LKB1 is a master kinase, capable of phosphorylating and activating several ARKs (AMPK-related kinases) [10]. The discovery that CaMKKs (calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinases) could also activ ...
... [9]. Therefore protein phosphatases would be involved in AMPK activation resulting from a rise in AMP. LKB1 is a master kinase, capable of phosphorylating and activating several ARKs (AMPK-related kinases) [10]. The discovery that CaMKKs (calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinases) could also activ ...
A Lipid Gate for the Peripheral Control of Pain
... in a modality-specific fashion and with nonoverlapping patterns of pharmacological selectivity (Spradley et al., 2010). Local MGL inhibition with the compound JZL-184 suppresses capsaicinevoked nocifensive behavior and heat hypersensitivity through both CB1- and CB2-selective mechanisms, without alt ...
... in a modality-specific fashion and with nonoverlapping patterns of pharmacological selectivity (Spradley et al., 2010). Local MGL inhibition with the compound JZL-184 suppresses capsaicinevoked nocifensive behavior and heat hypersensitivity through both CB1- and CB2-selective mechanisms, without alt ...
The evolutionary and ecological role of heat shock proteins
... stresses include inbreeding and fixation of deleterious mutations (Bijlsma et al. 1997; Hoffmann & Parsons 1997b). Although the Hsp genes for some time have been known to be induced by many types of stress, the majority of studies and the best empirical evidence of Hsps and its effects on stress res ...
... stresses include inbreeding and fixation of deleterious mutations (Bijlsma et al. 1997; Hoffmann & Parsons 1997b). Although the Hsp genes for some time have been known to be induced by many types of stress, the majority of studies and the best empirical evidence of Hsps and its effects on stress res ...
Ebolavirus Proteins Suppress the Effects of Small
... tion (14). As is the case with other NNS viruses, EBOV replication and transcription take place in the cytoplasm. Based on the vesicular stomatitis virus as a model for NNS viruses (63), following viral entry into the cytosol, the RNP complexassociated genome is uncoated and exposed to RdRp to be im ...
... tion (14). As is the case with other NNS viruses, EBOV replication and transcription take place in the cytoplasm. Based on the vesicular stomatitis virus as a model for NNS viruses (63), following viral entry into the cytosol, the RNP complexassociated genome is uncoated and exposed to RdRp to be im ...
Gene Deletion Screen for Cardiomyopathy in Adult Drosophila
... nity, forward genetic screens for adult heart phenotypes have been rarely performed because of the difficulty in accurately measuring cardiac function in adult Drosophila. Recently, we developed a strategy to obtain rapid and accurate real-time measurements of cardiac function in the awake adult fly ...
... nity, forward genetic screens for adult heart phenotypes have been rarely performed because of the difficulty in accurately measuring cardiac function in adult Drosophila. Recently, we developed a strategy to obtain rapid and accurate real-time measurements of cardiac function in the awake adult fly ...
Print this article - PAGEPress Publications
... the phenomenon, identify the proteins involved, and characterize the mechanism responsible. ...
... the phenomenon, identify the proteins involved, and characterize the mechanism responsible. ...
Chapter 14b
... - produces two important biomolecules (NADPH and ribose-5-phosphate (R5P)) from G6P. - ~30% of glucose oxidation in liver occurs via the pentose phosphate pathway. - Although NADH and NADPH are chemically similar, those are not metabolically interchangeable. - NADPH is the reducing power currency in ...
... - produces two important biomolecules (NADPH and ribose-5-phosphate (R5P)) from G6P. - ~30% of glucose oxidation in liver occurs via the pentose phosphate pathway. - Although NADH and NADPH are chemically similar, those are not metabolically interchangeable. - NADPH is the reducing power currency in ...
Serine/Threonine Phosphatases
... of PSPs have been documented with increasing detail. An earlier emphasis on functional characterization has recently been complemented by biochemical and structural investigations of all three major families of PSPs, giving rise to major advances in mechanistic understanding. The cellular and physio ...
... of PSPs have been documented with increasing detail. An earlier emphasis on functional characterization has recently been complemented by biochemical and structural investigations of all three major families of PSPs, giving rise to major advances in mechanistic understanding. The cellular and physio ...
Adv. Protein Chem. Struct. Biol.
... and with atomic detail the conformational evolution of a protein. Detection of structural changes as small as 0.2–0.3 Å with a time resolution of 100 ps is possible. The time-resolved Laue diffraction experiments are of a pump-probe type. The reaction is triggered within the protein crystal by phot ...
... and with atomic detail the conformational evolution of a protein. Detection of structural changes as small as 0.2–0.3 Å with a time resolution of 100 ps is possible. The time-resolved Laue diffraction experiments are of a pump-probe type. The reaction is triggered within the protein crystal by phot ...
Enzymes
... certain degree. Each enzyme has a saturation point. Once this point has been reached, the enzyme is binding substrate and releasing product as quickly as it is able to. Adding more substrate will not make the enzyme bind and release any faster. ...
... certain degree. Each enzyme has a saturation point. Once this point has been reached, the enzyme is binding substrate and releasing product as quickly as it is able to. Adding more substrate will not make the enzyme bind and release any faster. ...
Programme - biomed.cas.cz
... 53. Delayed effects of xanomeline on evoked ACh release from rat brain slices E. MACHOVÁ, J. JAKUBÍK, E.E. EL-FAKAHANY, V. DOLEŽAL, Prague 54. Cholesterol differentially influences G-protein signalling activated by the muscarinic M2 receptor P. MICHAL, E.E. EL-FAKAHANY, V. DOLEŽAL, Prague 55. Lookin ...
... 53. Delayed effects of xanomeline on evoked ACh release from rat brain slices E. MACHOVÁ, J. JAKUBÍK, E.E. EL-FAKAHANY, V. DOLEŽAL, Prague 54. Cholesterol differentially influences G-protein signalling activated by the muscarinic M2 receptor P. MICHAL, E.E. EL-FAKAHANY, V. DOLEŽAL, Prague 55. Lookin ...
Protein targeting, translocation and Escherichia coli Proteomic analysis of substrate-pathway relationships
... minimizes the energetic cost for lipids to exist in a polar, aqueous environment. The hydrophobic core region makes the bilayer impermeable by blocking passage of polar molecules. Membrane lipids have different properties depending on the chemical composition of their head and tail regions. The hea ...
... minimizes the energetic cost for lipids to exist in a polar, aqueous environment. The hydrophobic core region makes the bilayer impermeable by blocking passage of polar molecules. Membrane lipids have different properties depending on the chemical composition of their head and tail regions. The hea ...
New Methods in Cardiovascular Biology
... Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986 for rat cardiomyocytes isolation. Studies of sodium channel properties were performed in accordance with New York University guidelines for animal use and care (Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee Protocol 101101–02 to M.D.) and conformed to the Guide ...
... Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986 for rat cardiomyocytes isolation. Studies of sodium channel properties were performed in accordance with New York University guidelines for animal use and care (Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee Protocol 101101–02 to M.D.) and conformed to the Guide ...
Changes in Plant Mitochondrial Electron Transport Alter Cellular
... maintain lower steady-state cellular levels of ROS and exhibit up-regulated anti-oxidant defenses in comparison with the Wt) were found to be less susceptible than the Wt to cell death induced by treatment with SA or NO (generated from sodium nitroprusside; SNP) (Fig. 3C). On the other hand, the tra ...
... maintain lower steady-state cellular levels of ROS and exhibit up-regulated anti-oxidant defenses in comparison with the Wt) were found to be less susceptible than the Wt to cell death induced by treatment with SA or NO (generated from sodium nitroprusside; SNP) (Fig. 3C). On the other hand, the tra ...
Classification - HAL
... gp120Bx08 as a tracer (Fig. 1). The enhanced potency of PSC-RANTES, which occurs despite its relatively low capacity to compete with 35S-gp120Bx08 for binding to CCR5, is likely to be due to its enhanced capacity to induce CCR5 downregulation (23). To test this hypothesis, we performed infection inh ...
... gp120Bx08 as a tracer (Fig. 1). The enhanced potency of PSC-RANTES, which occurs despite its relatively low capacity to compete with 35S-gp120Bx08 for binding to CCR5, is likely to be due to its enhanced capacity to induce CCR5 downregulation (23). To test this hypothesis, we performed infection inh ...
Lysosomal Function and Dysfunction
... (S1P), a metalloprotease embedded in the Golgi membrane that regulates cholesterol metabolism, is required for lysosome biogenesis. Cells lacking S1P display a characteristic lysosomal defect; rather than being targeted to the organelle, certain lysosomal enzymes are secreted out of the cells (22). ...
... (S1P), a metalloprotease embedded in the Golgi membrane that regulates cholesterol metabolism, is required for lysosome biogenesis. Cells lacking S1P display a characteristic lysosomal defect; rather than being targeted to the organelle, certain lysosomal enzymes are secreted out of the cells (22). ...
The Location and Function of NMDA Receptors in Cat
... a general depressant effect on activity in the visual cortex are known to prevent the effects of monocular deprivation, including anesthesia (Freeman and Bonds, 1979) and blocking activity with TTX (Reiter et al., 1986). Further experiments are clearly needed, therefore, to test whether NMDA recepto ...
... a general depressant effect on activity in the visual cortex are known to prevent the effects of monocular deprivation, including anesthesia (Freeman and Bonds, 1979) and blocking activity with TTX (Reiter et al., 1986). Further experiments are clearly needed, therefore, to test whether NMDA recepto ...
high-throughput transient gene expression in plant
... number of known genomes and genes are increasing rapidly. However, traditionally genes are studied one at a time, so that the throughput is very limited and the "whole picture" of gene function is hard to obtain. The completely annotated reference genomes of Arabidopsis thaliana and rice have been s ...
... number of known genomes and genes are increasing rapidly. However, traditionally genes are studied one at a time, so that the throughput is very limited and the "whole picture" of gene function is hard to obtain. The completely annotated reference genomes of Arabidopsis thaliana and rice have been s ...
Over-expression screen in Drosophila identifies neuronal
... been performed to identify genes that have altered expression in the rodent brain reward pathway (nucleus accumbens) following transgenic expression of delta-FosB (an inhibitory isoform of mammalian Fos) (MCCLUNG and NESTLER 2003). Persistent Fos isoform switching followed by prolonged presence of ...
... been performed to identify genes that have altered expression in the rodent brain reward pathway (nucleus accumbens) following transgenic expression of delta-FosB (an inhibitory isoform of mammalian Fos) (MCCLUNG and NESTLER 2003). Persistent Fos isoform switching followed by prolonged presence of ...
Cellular function and pathological role of ATP13A2 and related P
... P-type ATPases are biological pumps omnipresent in all forms of life, which are recognized by several conserved signature motifs associated with their catalytic mechanism (Axelsen and Palmgren, 1998). The main characteristic of all P-type ATPases is the formation of an acid-stable aspartyl phosphate ...
... P-type ATPases are biological pumps omnipresent in all forms of life, which are recognized by several conserved signature motifs associated with their catalytic mechanism (Axelsen and Palmgren, 1998). The main characteristic of all P-type ATPases is the formation of an acid-stable aspartyl phosphate ...
Central nervous system control of food intake and body
... visual and olfactory cues, food items must first be identified and distinguished from a nearly infinite array of potentially toxic environmental constituents. Using taste information, the food’s palatability is then assessed and integrated with both short- and long-term signals regarding nutritional ...
... visual and olfactory cues, food items must first be identified and distinguished from a nearly infinite array of potentially toxic environmental constituents. Using taste information, the food’s palatability is then assessed and integrated with both short- and long-term signals regarding nutritional ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.