Bugging the cell wall of bacteria
... for Lipid II in wall-less species indicate its involvement in other cellular processes, such as cell division [28]. Lipid II is a target for several classes of antibiotics, such as the glycopeptides and the lantibiotics. They share the common action of preventing incorporation of Lipid II, thereby ...
... for Lipid II in wall-less species indicate its involvement in other cellular processes, such as cell division [28]. Lipid II is a target for several classes of antibiotics, such as the glycopeptides and the lantibiotics. They share the common action of preventing incorporation of Lipid II, thereby ...
FEMS Microbiology Ecology 24
... The cell-surface charge and cell-surface hydrophobicity of 10 strains of Azospirillum spp. were evaluated by the aqueous, two-polymer phase partitioning assay. Azospirillum spp. had moderate cell-surface hydrophobicity and charge, lower than known values for human pathogens. The hydrophobicity and c ...
... The cell-surface charge and cell-surface hydrophobicity of 10 strains of Azospirillum spp. were evaluated by the aqueous, two-polymer phase partitioning assay. Azospirillum spp. had moderate cell-surface hydrophobicity and charge, lower than known values for human pathogens. The hydrophobicity and c ...
Review Mitochondrial movement and positioning in axons
... shafts of sensory axons in culture with nerve growth factor essential for neuronal homeostasis. Mitochondria undergo (NGF) covalently conjugated to polystyrene beads. We rapid but intermittent transport in both the anterograde find that mitochondria accumulate at regions of focal NGF and retrograde ...
... shafts of sensory axons in culture with nerve growth factor essential for neuronal homeostasis. Mitochondria undergo (NGF) covalently conjugated to polystyrene beads. We rapid but intermittent transport in both the anterograde find that mitochondria accumulate at regions of focal NGF and retrograde ...
structural responses of amoebae
... cited above. (See also Fig. 8, which shows an injected amoeba but illustrates many normal-appearing organelles of A. discoides.) Amoebae injected with heterologous cytoplasm. At the earliest intervals, 15 min and 2 h after injection of heterologous cytoplasm from Pelomyxa carolinensis, few ultrastru ...
... cited above. (See also Fig. 8, which shows an injected amoeba but illustrates many normal-appearing organelles of A. discoides.) Amoebae injected with heterologous cytoplasm. At the earliest intervals, 15 min and 2 h after injection of heterologous cytoplasm from Pelomyxa carolinensis, few ultrastru ...
extrasynaptic glutamate does not reach the postsynaptic density
... et al. [20], ACPD, selective agonist of certain subtypes of these receptors, inhibited population spike in CA1 (but not in CA3) neurons leaving the EPSC unaffected. The age of the animals is critical for this phenomenology. In the rats younger than P20, ACPD inhibits EPSCs as well. This action is me ...
... et al. [20], ACPD, selective agonist of certain subtypes of these receptors, inhibited population spike in CA1 (but not in CA3) neurons leaving the EPSC unaffected. The age of the animals is critical for this phenomenology. In the rats younger than P20, ACPD inhibits EPSCs as well. This action is me ...
α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
... with nicotinic agonists can potentially modulate the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines from immune cells via interactions at α7-containing nAChRs (α7-nAChRs). Thus, α7-nAChRs may serve as a crucial link between inflammation and neurodegeneration in PD and could represent a pharmacological tar ...
... with nicotinic agonists can potentially modulate the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines from immune cells via interactions at α7-containing nAChRs (α7-nAChRs). Thus, α7-nAChRs may serve as a crucial link between inflammation and neurodegeneration in PD and could represent a pharmacological tar ...
The Effect of Chemical Treatments of Albumin and Orosomucoid on
... protein in its monomeric form, and those of another may relate to it in some ill-defined aggregated form. Meaningful comparison of such results is impossible, since two such preparations of the same protein may each be taken up preferentially by a different cell type. Such studies are often further ...
... protein in its monomeric form, and those of another may relate to it in some ill-defined aggregated form. Meaningful comparison of such results is impossible, since two such preparations of the same protein may each be taken up preferentially by a different cell type. Such studies are often further ...
Characterization of the Enzymatic Component of the ADP
... iota toxin subfamily of binary actin ADP-ribosylating toxins with respect to interaction with the binding component and substrate specificity. It shares typical conserved amino acid residues with iota toxin and C2 toxin that are suggested to be involved in NAD-binding and/or catalytic activity. The ...
... iota toxin subfamily of binary actin ADP-ribosylating toxins with respect to interaction with the binding component and substrate specificity. It shares typical conserved amino acid residues with iota toxin and C2 toxin that are suggested to be involved in NAD-binding and/or catalytic activity. The ...
GSK-3 Promotes Cell Survival, Growth, and PAX3 Levels in Human
... phosphorylation and increased levels of PAX3. Mol Cancer Res; 10(8); 1065–76. 2012 AACR. ...
... phosphorylation and increased levels of PAX3. Mol Cancer Res; 10(8); 1065–76. 2012 AACR. ...
PDF
... We next examined whether overexpression of Coco would enhance TGFβ1 signaling. To address this, we used the ePiggyBac transposable element system (Lacoste et al., 2009) to generate a C2C12 cell line that expresses Coco under the control of the Tetresponsive-element (TRE) (Fig. 3A). This allows induc ...
... We next examined whether overexpression of Coco would enhance TGFβ1 signaling. To address this, we used the ePiggyBac transposable element system (Lacoste et al., 2009) to generate a C2C12 cell line that expresses Coco under the control of the Tetresponsive-element (TRE) (Fig. 3A). This allows induc ...
Proteomics of
... strongly predominate over their monomeric forms in boar seminal plasma. These interactions facilitate the formation of aggregated forms of proteins in the seminal plasma and probably the arrangement and remodeling of sperm coating proteins. It is interesting that the heparin-binding activity of aggr ...
... strongly predominate over their monomeric forms in boar seminal plasma. These interactions facilitate the formation of aggregated forms of proteins in the seminal plasma and probably the arrangement and remodeling of sperm coating proteins. It is interesting that the heparin-binding activity of aggr ...
CHAPTER 1 R
... leaf margins of older leaves (Moore et al., 1995). As the disease progresses, the yellowing advances from the oldest to the youngest leaves. Leaves gradually collapse at the petiole or towards the base of the midrib and hang down to form a “skirt” of dead leaves around the pseudostem. A longitudinal ...
... leaf margins of older leaves (Moore et al., 1995). As the disease progresses, the yellowing advances from the oldest to the youngest leaves. Leaves gradually collapse at the petiole or towards the base of the midrib and hang down to form a “skirt” of dead leaves around the pseudostem. A longitudinal ...
Reactivation of Creatine Kinase by Dithiothreitol Prior to Use
... ribonucleic acids can be performed in various systems including cytoplasmic extract from eukaryotic cells, rabbit reticulocyte lysate and wheat germ extract. For optimal translation, an energy regeneration system based on creatine phosphate and creatine kinase is commonly employed for the regenerati ...
... ribonucleic acids can be performed in various systems including cytoplasmic extract from eukaryotic cells, rabbit reticulocyte lysate and wheat germ extract. For optimal translation, an energy regeneration system based on creatine phosphate and creatine kinase is commonly employed for the regenerati ...
Unknown title - Sigma
... Post-genomic research efforts, high-throughput methodology and advances in areas such as mass spectrometry or electron microscopy have revealed that biological functioning is controlled by biomolecular interaction networks, often in a heterogeneous and dense molecular environment. For example, the c ...
... Post-genomic research efforts, high-throughput methodology and advances in areas such as mass spectrometry or electron microscopy have revealed that biological functioning is controlled by biomolecular interaction networks, often in a heterogeneous and dense molecular environment. For example, the c ...
When cells get stressed: an integrative view of cellular
... human cells; in some cell types the expression of this gene prevents the entrance into replicative senescence, suggesting that indeed telomere shortening is the cause for senescence (16, 17). As mentioned above, yet other work has demonstrated that normal cells that are exposed to various physiologi ...
... human cells; in some cell types the expression of this gene prevents the entrance into replicative senescence, suggesting that indeed telomere shortening is the cause for senescence (16, 17). As mentioned above, yet other work has demonstrated that normal cells that are exposed to various physiologi ...
Getting to the root of plant biology: impact of the Arabidopsis
... developmental stage of the root, it would provide an allencompassing picture of the regulatory networks controlling root development. Genomic sequence data were critical for developing genome-wide profiling technology. Until recently, the primary technology used was oligonucleotide-based microarrays ...
... developmental stage of the root, it would provide an allencompassing picture of the regulatory networks controlling root development. Genomic sequence data were critical for developing genome-wide profiling technology. Until recently, the primary technology used was oligonucleotide-based microarrays ...
Mechanics and Modeling of Plant Cell Growth
... mathematical models of cell wall biomechanical responses to tensile stresses, produced by the turgor pressure. To capture and explain the biological processes they describe, mathematical models need to be supplied with quantitative information on relevant biophysical parameters, geometry, and cellul ...
... mathematical models of cell wall biomechanical responses to tensile stresses, produced by the turgor pressure. To capture and explain the biological processes they describe, mathematical models need to be supplied with quantitative information on relevant biophysical parameters, geometry, and cellul ...
Purification, Cloning, and Functional Characterization of a Novel
... reaction in macrophages (14 ), to inhibit the replication of hepatitis B virus (15 ), to suppress the invasion of liver cancer cells (7 ) and tumor growth in hepatoma-bearing mice (11 ), to induce cytokine production and increase the population of CD4(+) T cells (16 ), and also to inhibit the infect ...
... reaction in macrophages (14 ), to inhibit the replication of hepatitis B virus (15 ), to suppress the invasion of liver cancer cells (7 ) and tumor growth in hepatoma-bearing mice (11 ), to induce cytokine production and increase the population of CD4(+) T cells (16 ), and also to inhibit the infect ...
Identifying Importance of Amino Acids for Protein
... Understanding the mechanisms of protein folding is also crucial for deciphering the imprints of evolution on protein sequence and structural spaces. For example, some positions along the sequence in a set of structurally similar nonhomologous proteins are more conserved in the course of evolution th ...
... Understanding the mechanisms of protein folding is also crucial for deciphering the imprints of evolution on protein sequence and structural spaces. For example, some positions along the sequence in a set of structurally similar nonhomologous proteins are more conserved in the course of evolution th ...
Actin-based motility of endosomes is linked to the polar tip growth of
... uptake, cellular defence responses, and the termination of signaling pathways through internalization and down-regulation of activated receptor-ligand complexes. More recent evidence reveals that endosomes are involved in signaling, transcytosis and synaptic cell-tocell communication (Sorkin and von ...
... uptake, cellular defence responses, and the termination of signaling pathways through internalization and down-regulation of activated receptor-ligand complexes. More recent evidence reveals that endosomes are involved in signaling, transcytosis and synaptic cell-tocell communication (Sorkin and von ...
Max and inhibitory c-Myc mutants induce erythroid di
... we have produced and puri®ed these hexahistidine tagged proteins from bacteria (Figure 1a). Although In373 contains four extra amino acids, the polylinker sequence of pDS-Myc(342 ± 439) contributes to amino acids that exceed the In373 polypeptide by four amino acids. Hence the In373 polypeptide show ...
... we have produced and puri®ed these hexahistidine tagged proteins from bacteria (Figure 1a). Although In373 contains four extra amino acids, the polylinker sequence of pDS-Myc(342 ± 439) contributes to amino acids that exceed the In373 polypeptide by four amino acids. Hence the In373 polypeptide show ...
MARINE ICOSAHEDRAL MEMBRANE-CONTAINING - E
... have had a great impact on the development of modern molecular biology and the understanding of the basic mechanisms of life, not the least important being the discovery of DNA carrying the genetic information or mRNA transferring that information further (Fields et al., 1996). In general bacterioph ...
... have had a great impact on the development of modern molecular biology and the understanding of the basic mechanisms of life, not the least important being the discovery of DNA carrying the genetic information or mRNA transferring that information further (Fields et al., 1996). In general bacterioph ...
Physical and Chemical Basis of Cytoplasmic Streaming
... significant movementunless they are coordinated. In a variety of cells, cytoplasmic particles are knownto make sudden excursions over distances too extensive to be accounted for as Brownianmotion (136). Such motions, called "saltatory movements,"were described long ago in plant literature as "Glitch ...
... significant movementunless they are coordinated. In a variety of cells, cytoplasmic particles are knownto make sudden excursions over distances too extensive to be accounted for as Brownianmotion (136). Such motions, called "saltatory movements,"were described long ago in plant literature as "Glitch ...
and gender-specific hallmarks
... coverage and results in a poor representation of low-abundant or very hydrophobic proteins as well as those with extreme pI and molecular weight13,14. On the other hand, current high-throughput proteomic techniques enable reliable detection and quantitation of thousands of proteins in complex proteo ...
... coverage and results in a poor representation of low-abundant or very hydrophobic proteins as well as those with extreme pI and molecular weight13,14. On the other hand, current high-throughput proteomic techniques enable reliable detection and quantitation of thousands of proteins in complex proteo ...
Chapter 15: Special Senses
... • Selectively respond to only one kind of stimuli • Have simple or complex structures – General Sensory Receptors (Somatic Receptors) • no structural specializations in free nerve endings that provide us with pain, tickle, itch, temperatures • some structural specializations in receptors for touch, ...
... • Selectively respond to only one kind of stimuli • Have simple or complex structures – General Sensory Receptors (Somatic Receptors) • no structural specializations in free nerve endings that provide us with pain, tickle, itch, temperatures • some structural specializations in receptors for touch, ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.