PDF - The Journal of Cell Biology
... There is abundant evidence that cell number plasticity occurs in Drosophila melanogaster central nervous system (CNS) development, with neurotrophic factors including NTs and mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF; Zhu et al., 2008; Palgi et al., 2009), but fruit flies lack p75NTR ...
... There is abundant evidence that cell number plasticity occurs in Drosophila melanogaster central nervous system (CNS) development, with neurotrophic factors including NTs and mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF; Zhu et al., 2008; Palgi et al., 2009), but fruit flies lack p75NTR ...
An inside-out origin for the eukaryotic cell
... including some eocytes [11,13,62], exhibit such structures [9-14,62], but they are rarely seen in bacteria [54,63]. In almost all cases where the images are clear, protrusions are bounded by an S-layer. In some living Archaea, ESCRTIII has been inferred to pinch off protrusions to yield extracellula ...
... including some eocytes [11,13,62], exhibit such structures [9-14,62], but they are rarely seen in bacteria [54,63]. In almost all cases where the images are clear, protrusions are bounded by an S-layer. In some living Archaea, ESCRTIII has been inferred to pinch off protrusions to yield extracellula ...
Respiratory System Embryology
... The muscular coat, which is formed by surrounding splanchnic mesenchyme, is striated in its upper twothirds and innervated by the vagus the muscle coat is smooth in the lower third and is innervated by the ...
... The muscular coat, which is formed by surrounding splanchnic mesenchyme, is striated in its upper twothirds and innervated by the vagus the muscle coat is smooth in the lower third and is innervated by the ...
Guidance of mesoderm cell migration in the Xenopus
... to deposit its matrix on an inert surface, dispersed mesodermal cells from several amphibian species migrate on this conditioned substratum directionally, recognizing cues that guide them to the animal pole region (Nakatsuji and Johnson, 1983b). In Xenopus, migration in vitro is also directional, al ...
... to deposit its matrix on an inert surface, dispersed mesodermal cells from several amphibian species migrate on this conditioned substratum directionally, recognizing cues that guide them to the animal pole region (Nakatsuji and Johnson, 1983b). In Xenopus, migration in vitro is also directional, al ...
Development
... expansion, which is in turn dependent upon cell division and expansion. The importance of cell proliferation on leaf morphology can be observed in Arabidopsis transgenic lines expressing cyclindependent kinase inhibitor 1 (ICK1) or Kip-related protein 2 (KRP2), which inhibit leaf cell proliferation ...
... expansion, which is in turn dependent upon cell division and expansion. The importance of cell proliferation on leaf morphology can be observed in Arabidopsis transgenic lines expressing cyclindependent kinase inhibitor 1 (ICK1) or Kip-related protein 2 (KRP2), which inhibit leaf cell proliferation ...
Cellular studies of neuromuscular disorders related to the
... Cultured myoblasts go through three morphological and biochemical distinct developmental stages. The first stage is proliferation, proceeding through at least one round of cell division with high motility rate compared to other cultured cells. The cultured myoblasts have limited proliferation capaci ...
... Cultured myoblasts go through three morphological and biochemical distinct developmental stages. The first stage is proliferation, proceeding through at least one round of cell division with high motility rate compared to other cultured cells. The cultured myoblasts have limited proliferation capaci ...
Mitochondria as signaling organelles R E V I E W Open Access
... metabolites. The citric acid cycle, commonly referred to as the TCA cycle, generates metabolites and reducing equivalents (NADH and FADH2). Electrons from reducing equivalents feed into the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC), which pumps protons across the mitochondrial inner membrane to g ...
... metabolites. The citric acid cycle, commonly referred to as the TCA cycle, generates metabolites and reducing equivalents (NADH and FADH2). Electrons from reducing equivalents feed into the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC), which pumps protons across the mitochondrial inner membrane to g ...
Global microRNA depletion suppresses tumor angiogenesis Please share
... Dicer1 / NSCLC cells showing global differential expression between two genotypes. The X-axis is the log2 fold change of Dicer1 knockout over heterozygotes, and the Y-axis is the statistical significance ( log10 P-value). Genes significantly upregulated are shown as red dots. Genes significantly dow ...
... Dicer1 / NSCLC cells showing global differential expression between two genotypes. The X-axis is the log2 fold change of Dicer1 knockout over heterozygotes, and the Y-axis is the statistical significance ( log10 P-value). Genes significantly upregulated are shown as red dots. Genes significantly dow ...
Grape Berry Vacuole - American Journal of Enology and Viticulture
... In addition to their role in sugar storage, vacuoles are also involved in the biosynthesis of higher saccharides from monoor disaccharides. Vacuoles are also likely the site for glycosylation and production of various metabolites (De 2000). Water incorporation in grape berry and the role of aquapori ...
... In addition to their role in sugar storage, vacuoles are also involved in the biosynthesis of higher saccharides from monoor disaccharides. Vacuoles are also likely the site for glycosylation and production of various metabolites (De 2000). Water incorporation in grape berry and the role of aquapori ...
Cell Division Activity during Apical Hook
... Figure 4. Steps in ACC-mediated exaggerated apical hook. A, Confocal sections of the apical hook during ACC application. Seedlings were grown in air (i) or treated with ACC for 20 h (see Materials and Methods; ii, iii, iv). Two steps in exaggerated hook development were observed: ii, arc elongation; ...
... Figure 4. Steps in ACC-mediated exaggerated apical hook. A, Confocal sections of the apical hook during ACC application. Seedlings were grown in air (i) or treated with ACC for 20 h (see Materials and Methods; ii, iii, iv). Two steps in exaggerated hook development were observed: ii, arc elongation; ...
Control of Root Cap Formation by MicroRNA
... Because the Pro35S:MIR160a, -b, and -c plants displayed the same phenotype, we chose the Pro35S:MIR160c line for further analysis. Compared with the wild type, the root length of the Pro35S:MIR160c seedlings was reduced and the lateral root number was increased (Table 1). A more drastic phenotypic c ...
... Because the Pro35S:MIR160a, -b, and -c plants displayed the same phenotype, we chose the Pro35S:MIR160c line for further analysis. Compared with the wild type, the root length of the Pro35S:MIR160c seedlings was reduced and the lateral root number was increased (Table 1). A more drastic phenotypic c ...
New Phytologist
... infection with tagasaste. Bacteria polarly attached to the root hair tips (figure not shown), and induced various types of root hair deformation within 24–48 h after inoculation (Fig. 2a,b). Root hairs with typical markedly curled shepherd’s crooks were found on inoculated seedlings 48 h and older ( ...
... infection with tagasaste. Bacteria polarly attached to the root hair tips (figure not shown), and induced various types of root hair deformation within 24–48 h after inoculation (Fig. 2a,b). Root hairs with typical markedly curled shepherd’s crooks were found on inoculated seedlings 48 h and older ( ...
Epiblast and primitive-streak origins of the endoderm in
... cells during crucial periods in gastrulation remain unclear. This study had three aims. First, we determined the primitive-streak origin of the endoderm using supravital fluorescent markers, and followed the movement of the prospective endodermal cells as they dispersed to generate the definitive en ...
... cells during crucial periods in gastrulation remain unclear. This study had three aims. First, we determined the primitive-streak origin of the endoderm using supravital fluorescent markers, and followed the movement of the prospective endodermal cells as they dispersed to generate the definitive en ...
... the limited functional capacity of CTLs in chronic HIV infection, as these cells are essential for viral control. As with the murine LCMV model, PD-1 was found to be upregulated on virus-specific CTLs from HIV-infected patients [33, 34]. In vitro experiments demonstrated that HIV-specific PD-1-expre ...
Specification of the C. elegans MS blastomere by the T
... Fig. 2. The tbx-35 gene encodes a T-box factor. (A) Gene structure of tbx-35 on LGII. The left end of the gene is preceded by the start codon of ZK177.1. The deleted regions in tm1789 and tm618 are shown above the gene. The predicted mRNA is shown below. The coding region is shaded, with the T-box e ...
... Fig. 2. The tbx-35 gene encodes a T-box factor. (A) Gene structure of tbx-35 on LGII. The left end of the gene is preceded by the start codon of ZK177.1. The deleted regions in tm1789 and tm618 are shown above the gene. The predicted mRNA is shown below. The coding region is shaded, with the T-box e ...
Document
... Development of the Epicardium and Its Role during Regeneration Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC-ISCIII), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland ...
... Development of the Epicardium and Its Role during Regeneration Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC-ISCIII), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland ...
NIH Public Access
... illustrated in figure 1. Folic acid is not a physiological folate but is an important source of folates ingested because it is added as a supplement to foods and it is the predominant form of folate in vitamin supplements. The major dietary folate in nature, 5methyltetrahydrofolate (5-methylTHF), is ...
... illustrated in figure 1. Folic acid is not a physiological folate but is an important source of folates ingested because it is added as a supplement to foods and it is the predominant form of folate in vitamin supplements. The major dietary folate in nature, 5methyltetrahydrofolate (5-methylTHF), is ...
Inflamation of maxillary sinus
... Allergy, asthma, asa sensitivity and polyps For patients with CRS ...
... Allergy, asthma, asa sensitivity and polyps For patients with CRS ...
Evidence for the presence of calsequestrin in two structurally
... x 2 mm' bundles of myocardial fibers were quickly dissected from the left ventricular wall, tied to cotton swab sticks, and fixed first in 2% paraformaldehyde and then in a mixture of2% paraformaldehyde and 0.3% glutaraldehyde as previously described (12). Finally the bundles of fixed ventricular mu ...
... x 2 mm' bundles of myocardial fibers were quickly dissected from the left ventricular wall, tied to cotton swab sticks, and fixed first in 2% paraformaldehyde and then in a mixture of2% paraformaldehyde and 0.3% glutaraldehyde as previously described (12). Finally the bundles of fixed ventricular mu ...
Monomeric alpha-catenin links cadherin to the actin cytoskeleton
... Ridhdhi Desai1,3 , Ritu Sarpal1,3 , Noboru Ishiyama2 , Milena Pellikka1 , Mitsuhiko Ikura2 and Ulrich Tepass1,4 The linkage of adherens junctions to the actin cytoskeleton is essential for cell adhesion. The contribution of the cadherin–catenin complex to the interaction between actin and the adhere ...
... Ridhdhi Desai1,3 , Ritu Sarpal1,3 , Noboru Ishiyama2 , Milena Pellikka1 , Mitsuhiko Ikura2 and Ulrich Tepass1,4 The linkage of adherens junctions to the actin cytoskeleton is essential for cell adhesion. The contribution of the cadherin–catenin complex to the interaction between actin and the adhere ...
Cardiac Stem Cells and Mechanisms of Myocardial Regeneration
... Unexpectedly, these multiple approaches had a rather uniform outcome that consisted of variable degrees of improvement in cardiac contractile function. Most likely, the implanted cells formed a passive graft, which reduced negative remodeling by decreasing the stiffness of the scarred portion of the ...
... Unexpectedly, these multiple approaches had a rather uniform outcome that consisted of variable degrees of improvement in cardiac contractile function. Most likely, the implanted cells formed a passive graft, which reduced negative remodeling by decreasing the stiffness of the scarred portion of the ...
Inhibition of Target of Rapamycin Signaling and
... The unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has been used as a model for the study of important cellular and metabolic processes in photosynthetic organisms (Harris, 2001). More recently, Chlamydomonas has also been proposed as a useful system for the characterization of the TOR signaling p ...
... The unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has been used as a model for the study of important cellular and metabolic processes in photosynthetic organisms (Harris, 2001). More recently, Chlamydomonas has also been proposed as a useful system for the characterization of the TOR signaling p ...
Cell encapsulation
Cell microencapsulation technology involves immobilization of the cells within a polymeric semi-permeable membrane that permits the bidirectional diffusion of molecules such as the influx of oxygen, nutrients, growth factors etc. essential for cell metabolism and the outward diffusion of waste products and therapeutic proteins. At the same time, the semi-permeable nature of the membrane prevents immune cells and antibodies from destroying the encapsulated cells regarding them as foreign invaders.The main motive of cell encapsulation technology is to overcome the existing problem of graft rejection in tissue engineering applications and thus reduce the need for long-term use of immunosuppressive drugs after an organ transplant to control side effects.