Roles of ion channels and transporters in guard cell signal
... outwardly-rectifying, or weakly rectifying (Fig. 2). The inward K+ channels KAT1, KAT2, AKT1, the outward K+ channel GORK, the K+ channel AKT2/3, whose rectification properties are dependent on its phosphorylation status [30], and the subunit AtKC1, which forms a heteromeric channel with KAT1 or AKT1 ...
... outwardly-rectifying, or weakly rectifying (Fig. 2). The inward K+ channels KAT1, KAT2, AKT1, the outward K+ channel GORK, the K+ channel AKT2/3, whose rectification properties are dependent on its phosphorylation status [30], and the subunit AtKC1, which forms a heteromeric channel with KAT1 or AKT1 ...
Pex5p stabilizes Pex14p: a study using a newly isolated pex5 CHO
... mammals, two types of Pex5p isoforms have been identified: a shorter one (Pex5pS) and a longer one (Pex5pL) with a 37amino acid insertion at the N-terminal region [9,10]. By using a Pex5 CHO mutant, ZP105, defective in both PTS1 and PTS2 import due to the mutation in the PEX5 gene yielding unstable ...
... mammals, two types of Pex5p isoforms have been identified: a shorter one (Pex5pS) and a longer one (Pex5pL) with a 37amino acid insertion at the N-terminal region [9,10]. By using a Pex5 CHO mutant, ZP105, defective in both PTS1 and PTS2 import due to the mutation in the PEX5 gene yielding unstable ...
Non-Targeted and Targeted Protein Movement
... The movement protein of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), P30, traffics between cells, gates plasmodesmata allowing the movement in trans of large macromolecules not specified for such traffic, and associates with the cytoskeleton (Heinlein et al., 1995; McLean et al., 1995; Citovsky, 1999; Ding et al., 1 ...
... The movement protein of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), P30, traffics between cells, gates plasmodesmata allowing the movement in trans of large macromolecules not specified for such traffic, and associates with the cytoskeleton (Heinlein et al., 1995; McLean et al., 1995; Citovsky, 1999; Ding et al., 1 ...
Sodium Current Density Correlates with Expression of Specific
... were subsequently averaged over all cells for which a paru PCR product was amplified to obtain the mean relative abundance for each isoform. The results of this analysis showed that i+a+ and i’a- were not only the most frequently expressed but were also the most abundant isoforms, present at approxi ...
... were subsequently averaged over all cells for which a paru PCR product was amplified to obtain the mean relative abundance for each isoform. The results of this analysis showed that i+a+ and i’a- were not only the most frequently expressed but were also the most abundant isoforms, present at approxi ...
NAIP5/NLRC4 Inflammasomes Compounds Inhibit the NLRP1
... Inflammasomes are large cytoplasmic multiprotein complexes that activate caspase-1 in response to diverse intracellular danger signals. Inflammasome components termed nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain–like receptor (NLR) proteins act as sensors for pathogen-associated molecular patterns, str ...
... Inflammasomes are large cytoplasmic multiprotein complexes that activate caspase-1 in response to diverse intracellular danger signals. Inflammasome components termed nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain–like receptor (NLR) proteins act as sensors for pathogen-associated molecular patterns, str ...
RETINOBLASTOMA RELATED1 Regulates
... et al., 2005; Xie et al., 2010). CDKB2 action was found to be specifically required for the function of the shoot apical meristem (Andersen et al., 2008). CDKs by themselves have almost no kinase activity and require the binding of a cyclin partner. In Arabidopsis, there are 30 cyclins and almost all ...
... et al., 2005; Xie et al., 2010). CDKB2 action was found to be specifically required for the function of the shoot apical meristem (Andersen et al., 2008). CDKs by themselves have almost no kinase activity and require the binding of a cyclin partner. In Arabidopsis, there are 30 cyclins and almost all ...
Identification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa flagellin as - AJP-Lung
... to CHO-Muc1 cells. To confirm the role of flagellin as an adhesin for Muc1 mucin, wild-type PAK were preincubated with flagellin antiserum for 30 min before the binding assay. As shown in Fig. 2, flagellin antiserum blocked P. aeruginosa binding to CHO-Muc1 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Compared ...
... to CHO-Muc1 cells. To confirm the role of flagellin as an adhesin for Muc1 mucin, wild-type PAK were preincubated with flagellin antiserum for 30 min before the binding assay. As shown in Fig. 2, flagellin antiserum blocked P. aeruginosa binding to CHO-Muc1 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Compared ...
Auxin and the Communication Between Plant Cells
... This nitrogenase dates back to the earliest, anoxic phases of life on this planet and is therefore highly sensitive to oxygen; therefore, to safeguard nitrogenase activity, any photosynthetic activity has to be excluded from heterocysts. These cells are therefore hypocellular with respect to assimil ...
... This nitrogenase dates back to the earliest, anoxic phases of life on this planet and is therefore highly sensitive to oxygen; therefore, to safeguard nitrogenase activity, any photosynthetic activity has to be excluded from heterocysts. These cells are therefore hypocellular with respect to assimil ...
Alginases from Azotobacter species
... Substrates. The substrates tested were homopolymeric sequences of poly-D-mannuronic acid and poly-L-guluronic acid, algal alginates of known mannuronic acid :guluronic acid ratio, and some bacterial alginates. The bacterial alginates were prepared in the laboratory, as were the homopolymeric sequenc ...
... Substrates. The substrates tested were homopolymeric sequences of poly-D-mannuronic acid and poly-L-guluronic acid, algal alginates of known mannuronic acid :guluronic acid ratio, and some bacterial alginates. The bacterial alginates were prepared in the laboratory, as were the homopolymeric sequenc ...
Multiscale Systems Analysis of Root Growth and
... Communication between cells is essential to ensure that cell growth and development are coordinated to form a wellstructured, patterned tissue. In plants, such communication often involves mobile transcription factors or hormones, which move between adjacent cells and interact with their signaling n ...
... Communication between cells is essential to ensure that cell growth and development are coordinated to form a wellstructured, patterned tissue. In plants, such communication often involves mobile transcription factors or hormones, which move between adjacent cells and interact with their signaling n ...
mycoplasmas in tissue culture
... no chemically defined medium has yet been devised even for the least exacting members of this group. Present knowledge is based on the results obtained with partially defined medium and with only a few strains of mycoplasma. Nevertheless, it is clear that there is wide variation in the nutritional r ...
... no chemically defined medium has yet been devised even for the least exacting members of this group. Present knowledge is based on the results obtained with partially defined medium and with only a few strains of mycoplasma. Nevertheless, it is clear that there is wide variation in the nutritional r ...
Production of Antimicrobial Metabolites by Bacillus subtilis
... antibiotics represent the predominant class (Pinchuk et al., 2002). According to Sonenshein et al. (2001) several hundred wild- type B. subtilis strains have been collected, with the potential to produce more than two dozen antibiotics. In the present study synthetic media containing all essential m ...
... antibiotics represent the predominant class (Pinchuk et al., 2002). According to Sonenshein et al. (2001) several hundred wild- type B. subtilis strains have been collected, with the potential to produce more than two dozen antibiotics. In the present study synthetic media containing all essential m ...
INSECT METAMORPHOSIS AND ITS ENDOCRINE CONTROL
... Change is in the nature of living things. Moment by moment, the very molecules making up the substance of the organism are in continued flux. While many animals still manage to present a more or less uniform face to the world, others undergo rapid and predictable shifts in body form and in habit. Th ...
... Change is in the nature of living things. Moment by moment, the very molecules making up the substance of the organism are in continued flux. While many animals still manage to present a more or less uniform face to the world, others undergo rapid and predictable shifts in body form and in habit. Th ...
Xenopus laevis Stromal Cell-Derived Factor 1
... migration; they modulate angiogenesis and hematopoiesis; and they block HIV entry into target cells (4 – 8). It has become evident that chemokines play fundamental roles in development and homeostasis, and function not only in cells of the immune system, but in many different cell types, including v ...
... migration; they modulate angiogenesis and hematopoiesis; and they block HIV entry into target cells (4 – 8). It has become evident that chemokines play fundamental roles in development and homeostasis, and function not only in cells of the immune system, but in many different cell types, including v ...
Journal of Phycology
... the calibration of unsaturation index depends on strain genetics (Conte et al. 1998) and environmental factors such as nutrient limitation or light availability (Epstein et al. 1998, 2001, Yamamoto et al. 2000, Versteegh et al. 2001, Prahl et al. 2003), and the utility of this tool remains limited b ...
... the calibration of unsaturation index depends on strain genetics (Conte et al. 1998) and environmental factors such as nutrient limitation or light availability (Epstein et al. 1998, 2001, Yamamoto et al. 2000, Versteegh et al. 2001, Prahl et al. 2003), and the utility of this tool remains limited b ...
J153
... for the repeating distance of bipolar plates in the stack, in keeping with the US-DOE target for volumetric power density of 2 kW/L. Flow field design has been shown to play a key role in influencing the water flooding in the channels. Both serpentine and interdigitated flow fields have shown reduce ...
... for the repeating distance of bipolar plates in the stack, in keeping with the US-DOE target for volumetric power density of 2 kW/L. Flow field design has been shown to play a key role in influencing the water flooding in the channels. Both serpentine and interdigitated flow fields have shown reduce ...
Embryonic Stem Cell Culture Conditions Support Distinct States
... and culture conditions on both functional potency and ESC transcriptional identity. Individual ESCs cultured in either two small-molecule inhibitors (2i) or with knockout serum replacement (KOSR), but not serum, can generate high-level chimeras regardless of how these cells were derived. ESCs cultur ...
... and culture conditions on both functional potency and ESC transcriptional identity. Individual ESCs cultured in either two small-molecule inhibitors (2i) or with knockout serum replacement (KOSR), but not serum, can generate high-level chimeras regardless of how these cells were derived. ESCs cultur ...
1. Describe the steps of the scientific method. 2. Define the terms
... What are the common characteristics of all living things? Describe the levels of organization of life beginning with the smallest living unit and progressing up in complexity to ecosystems. Compare and contrast DNA and RNA. Describe the 3 types of molecular bonds. Which is strongest and which is wea ...
... What are the common characteristics of all living things? Describe the levels of organization of life beginning with the smallest living unit and progressing up in complexity to ecosystems. Compare and contrast DNA and RNA. Describe the 3 types of molecular bonds. Which is strongest and which is wea ...
E ect of SB 203580 on the activity of c-Raf in vitro and in vivo
... depends on the presence of threonine, or a smaller residue, at the position equivalent to Thr 106 of SAPK2a/p38a (see Introduction). Since c-Raf is one of a small number of protein kinases that possess threonine at this position, we initially examined the eect of SB 203580 on human c-Raf that had b ...
... depends on the presence of threonine, or a smaller residue, at the position equivalent to Thr 106 of SAPK2a/p38a (see Introduction). Since c-Raf is one of a small number of protein kinases that possess threonine at this position, we initially examined the eect of SB 203580 on human c-Raf that had b ...
Actin Cytoskeleton in Plants: From Transport Networks to Signaling
... associate with such components of the protein translation machinery as elongation factor 1␣ (Clore et al., 1996; Wu et al., 1998). All of this indicates that the actin cytoskeleton of plant cells is closely linked to the ...
... associate with such components of the protein translation machinery as elongation factor 1␣ (Clore et al., 1996; Wu et al., 1998). All of this indicates that the actin cytoskeleton of plant cells is closely linked to the ...
Disorders Presenting in Skin and Mucous Membranes - McGraw-Hill
... effector molecules (reactive oxygen species, NO), and, on the other, promote the expression of co-stimulatory molecules and the release of cytokines and, as a result, the augmentation of the adaptive response. Fourth, TLRs directly activate host defense mechanisms that then combat the foreign invade ...
... effector molecules (reactive oxygen species, NO), and, on the other, promote the expression of co-stimulatory molecules and the release of cytokines and, as a result, the augmentation of the adaptive response. Fourth, TLRs directly activate host defense mechanisms that then combat the foreign invade ...
PDF
... 5 /xg/ml 7-ketocholesterol, the period during which untreated embryos became fully compacted. Higher concentrations had irreversible effects within the first 6 h of culture (Table 3). Ultrastructural damage to the SER was detectable within 4 h of treatment (Fig. 6) but could be overcome if cholester ...
... 5 /xg/ml 7-ketocholesterol, the period during which untreated embryos became fully compacted. Higher concentrations had irreversible effects within the first 6 h of culture (Table 3). Ultrastructural damage to the SER was detectable within 4 h of treatment (Fig. 6) but could be overcome if cholester ...
118 - University of Oxford
... epiblast [93] comprising primitive streak precursor cells that have migrated to this area by a series of ‘polonnaise movements’ [105]. The £rst visible sign of gastrulation is formation of the primitive streak, which arises from Koller’s sickle at the posterior midline of the blastodisc [52] (Figure ...
... epiblast [93] comprising primitive streak precursor cells that have migrated to this area by a series of ‘polonnaise movements’ [105]. The £rst visible sign of gastrulation is formation of the primitive streak, which arises from Koller’s sickle at the posterior midline of the blastodisc [52] (Figure ...
Cell encapsulation
Cell microencapsulation technology involves immobilization of the cells within a polymeric semi-permeable membrane that permits the bidirectional diffusion of molecules such as the influx of oxygen, nutrients, growth factors etc. essential for cell metabolism and the outward diffusion of waste products and therapeutic proteins. At the same time, the semi-permeable nature of the membrane prevents immune cells and antibodies from destroying the encapsulated cells regarding them as foreign invaders.The main motive of cell encapsulation technology is to overcome the existing problem of graft rejection in tissue engineering applications and thus reduce the need for long-term use of immunosuppressive drugs after an organ transplant to control side effects.